Adult ; Ear Protective Devices ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Noise, Occupational ; adverse effects ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control

Baculoviral IAP(inhibitor of apoptosis protein) gene was identified firstly in IAP gene family.The structurcal feature of baculoviral IAP genes are characterized BIR and RING domain;Despite similar to P35 in antiapoptotic function,baculovrial IAP and P35 differ in structure and mechnism of action.Phylogenetic analysis of IAP genes and lots of evidence sppport the origin of this viral gene by capture of a host gene early in the evolution of Lepidoptera.

Baculovirus DNA polymerase gene belongs to an early gene of baculovirus. It is a necessary gene required for replication of virus in insect cells. It can encode DNA polymerase induced by virus. In the process of replication, DNA polymerase can bind to homologous regions and non-homologous regions, which are believed to act as the origins of virus DNA replication with other replication factors. In addition, DNA polymerase has advantages over occlusion protein and egt gene for resolving deep branching taxonomic relationships of baculovirus phylogenies.

The urate transporter 1 (URAT1) which controls urate reabsorption is a membrane transporter in the apical membrane of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. It was found that about 90% of patients suffer from hyperuricemia due to insufficient uric acid excretion. Therefore, the development of URAT1 inhibitors that can reduce the level of serum uric acid in vivo by enhancing renal urate excretion has been a hot spot in seeking anti-gout drugs in recent years. In this article, the representative URAT1 inhibitors with uric acid-lowering or anti-gout effects are reviewed, and related medicinal chemical strategies are analyzed, hoping to provide valuable insights into the discovery of new URAT1 inhibitors.

Multi-target drugs attract increasing attentions for the therapy of complicated neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, a computer-assisted strategy was applied to search for multi-target compounds by the pharmacophore matching. This strategy has been successfully used to design dual-target inhibitor models against both the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Based on two pharmacophore models matching and physicochemical properties filtering, one hit was identified which could inhibit AChE with IC50 value of (0.337 +/- 0.052) micromol x L(-1) and PARP-1 by 24.6% at 1 micromol x L(-1).
Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Computer-Aided Design ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors

Objective To observe the clinical effects of hyaluronidase iontophoresis in the treatment of in- fants with congenital muscular torticollis(CMT).Methods Fifty infants with congenital muscular torticollis were divided randomly into a treatment group and a control group.Manual stretching was performed with both groups,while hyaluronidase iontophoresis was also administered to those in the treatment group.The range of side-flexion and rota- tion of the neck was examined at the beginning of and after 1 and 2 months of treatment.At the end of the treatment, the overall outcome was assessed according to a scoring system.Results There was no significant difference be- tween the two groups at admission.Compared with the control group,the range of side-flexion and rotation of the neck,and the overall treatment outcome were all significantly better in the treatment group after treatment.Conclu- sion Hyaluronidase iontophoresis can effectively improve function in infants with CMT and alleviate their symptoms.

Objective To evaluate the significance of surgical exploration for the refractory arterial crisis daring the hypersensitive period (48 h to 96 h) after replantation of severed fingers.Methods One hundred and seventy-one patients experienced refractory arterial crisis during the hypersensitive period after replantation of the proximal thumb from February 1995 to February,2005 in our department.Eighty-seven of them were managed with surgical exploration,including incision injury (n=6),saw injury (n=17),rotation and avulsion injury (n=30), and crush injury (n=34).Eighty-four cases received conservative treatment,including incision injury (n=6),saw injury (n=16).rotation and avulsion injury (n=29),and crush injury (n=33).In the surgery group,the e- mergent explorations were performed as soon as the refractory arterial crisis arose,If arterial spasm or/and thrombosis were found,the involved parts were resected before the artery ends were anastomosed or the finger artery was repaired by cubital vein graft.In the other group,conservative managements were carried out by using intramuscular injection of 30 mg Papaverine and intravenous injection of 20,000-unit Urokinase in 20 mL normal saline.If symptums were not alleviated after half an hour,the procedures were repeated.The conservative managements also included abirritative antipsychotics and analgesia of anodyne.Meanwhile,the survival state of all the digital replants was observed. Results In the surgery group,78 fingers survived,the surviving rate being 89.7%.In the conservative group,41 fingers survived with a surviving rate of 48.8%.The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).No obvious complications happened in the two groups.Conclusion Since surgical exploration is crucial to management of refractory arterial crisis during the hypersensitive period after replantation of severed fingers,it should not be readily abandoned.

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) has been historically recognized as a metabolite of the marine microorganism or a disgusting component for the smell of halitosis patients. In our recent study, DMS has been identified as a cytoprotectant that protects against oxidative-stress induced cell death and aging. We found that at near- physiological concentrations, DMS reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured PC12 cells and alleviated oxidative stress. The radical-scavenging capacity of DMS at near-physiological concentration was equivalent to endogenous methionine(Met)-centered antioxidant defense. Methionine sulfoxidereductase A (MsrA), the key antioxidant enzyme in Met-centered defense, bound to DMS and promoted its antioxidant capacity via facilitating the reaction of DMS with ROS through a sulfonium intermediate at residues Cys72, Tyr103, Glu115, followed by the release of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). MTT assay and trypan blue test indicated that supplement of DMS exhibited cytopro?tection against 6-hydroxydopamine and MPP + induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, MsrA knockdown abolished the cytoprotective effect of DMS at near- physiological concentrations. The present study reveals new insight into the potential therapeutic value of DMS in Parkinson disease.

Aim To observe the physical coupling between transient receptor potential channel vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4 ) and cPLA2 in endothelial cells. Methods We investigated the physical association of TRPV4-cPLA2 coupling by immunofluorescence reso-nance energy transfer (immuno-FRET)to assess the spatial proximity between TRPV4 and cPLA2 in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC),primary cul-tured endothelial cells and in thoracic aortas rings from high salt-induced hypertension mice.Results At the cellular level,with high salt treatment,the physical in-teraction of TRPV4 and cPLA2 was significantly en-hanced in primary vascular endothelial cells and HMEC.Furthermore, in thoracic aortas rings from high salt-induced hypertension mice,we found an in-creases interaction between TRPV4 and cPLA2 in en-dothelial cells from arterial segments .Conclusion High-salt treatment increases the endothelial TRPV4-cPLA2 coupling,indicating that this coupling may pro-vide a new target for vascular endothelial dysfunction.

Pathogenicity of the Diatraea saccharalis densovirus (DsDNV) was tested on its host larvae.The results showed that up to 4 days after inoculation,no larvae mortality was observed and the infected larvae started to exhibit the infection symptoms from the fourth day.After 5 days of infection,the cumulative mortality of infected larvae increased significantly and reached 60% after 12 days and 100% after 21 days of infection,whereas that of the control group was only 10% and 20%,respectively,after same periods of infection,suggesting that the high mortality of infected larvae groups was due to the high pathogenicity of DsDNV.The size of the DsDNA was determined by Electron microscopy visualization of viral DNA molecules and gel electrophoresis of both native and endonuclease digested DNA fragments.The total length of the native DsDNA was about 5.95 kb.The DsDNV DNA was digested with 16 restriction enzymes and a restriction map of those enzymes was constructed with 41 restriction sites.Comparison of the restriction map of the DsDNV genome with those of the genomes ofJunonia coenia densovirus (JcDNV) and Galleria mellonella densovirus (GmDNV) indicated that the three densovirus genomes were found to share many identical restriction sites.Thus,most of the restriction sites of the following endonucleases Bam H Ⅰ,Hha Ⅰ,Xba Ⅰ,Cla Ⅰ,Asp 700,Spe Ⅰ,Nco Ⅰ and Bcl Ⅰ,were found to be conserved among the three densovirus genomes.Symmetrical cleavage sites mapped at the both ends of the genome suggested the presence of inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) whose size was estimated to be about 500 bp.The similar genome size,almost identical restriction sites and presence of an ITR of about 500 bp for these three densoviruses suggested that they belong to the same group of ambisense densoviruses.