BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a new rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing technology. OBJECTIVE: Through the analysis of the related papers, the paper summarizes and discusses the research progress of 3D printing technology, the prospect of application in joint replacement and the status quo and development trend of 3D printing technology in joint replacement.METHODS: The relevant literature was retrieved by the first author with the China Journal Full-text Database (CNKI) and PubMed database from 1985 to 2015. The key words were 3D printing technology, rapid prototyping, arthroplasty, joint replacement. The included 81 articles were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Basic research and clinical application of 3D printing technology and joint replacementtechnology are becoming more and more popular. 3D printing further optimizes in the communication and teaching in joint replacement, and avoids intraoperative and postoperative complications. According to the needs of different teaching materials, 3D printing can print out different parts of the real body with different characteristics of print by 3D printer. The surgical simulation exercises with 3D limb printing different materials are the best way to improve theoperation skills. 3D printing technology in the osteotomy guide precision has basically completed multicenter clinical trial,and toward to the clinical application of small scale stage. The construction of individualized treatment plan and theapplication of active biological organs by 3D printing technology will become the new research direction of jointreplacement.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the quality problem commonly seen in the marketing and use of decoction pieces of traditional Chinese drugs and their quality control method. METHODS: We reviewed the pertinent Chinese journals and on which an aggregate analysis and evaluation was performed. RESUTLS: Drug name problem, slice cutting specification problem, the problem of the name of processed drugs in set recipe preparations and counterfeit problem etc were commonly seen in the marketing and use of decoction pieces of traditional Chinese drugs. CONCLUSION: To standardize drug name, drug processing and slice cutting specifications of Chinese crude drugs, and to prohibit counterfeits and conduct regular sampling inspection can effectively keep the quality of decoction pieces of traditional Chinese drug under control.

Objective To understand the gene distribution and drug resistance rate of integron gene of extended spectrumβ‐lac‐tamases(ESBLs) producing Klebsiella pneumonia infection in ICU elderly patients in order to provide the basis for rational use of antimicrobial agents .Methods The BioMerieux VITEK‐2 Automated Microbes Identification System was adopted to conduct the bacteria identification and drug susceptibility test on various clinical specimens of ICU elderly patients in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 .The integron gene in 167 strains of ESBLs‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was analyzed by PCR ,and the gene was identified by sequencing .Results Among 386 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae ,the detection rate of ESBLs‐producing strains was 43 .26% ;the positive rate of integron was 50 .89% ,the detected integron was class Ⅰ integron;aadA2 ,aadA1 ,aada16 , dfra27 and arr‐3 genes were amplified from integron variable region;the drug resistance rate of ESBLs‐producing integron gene pos‐itive strains was significantly higher than that of integron gene negative strains .Conclusion the ICU elderly patients with ESBLs‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection is closely related to the integron gene and integron plays an important role in bacterial drug resistance .

Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To investigate the role of ERC,6 gene in the growth rate and antifungal susceptibility,Aspergillus fumigatus strain with extra copies of ERG6 gene was constructed.Open reading frame (ORF) of putative ERG6 gene was searched in A.fumigatus genome.A PCR fragment, ERG6 ORF sandwiched by its flanking sequences (about 1 kb respectively),was amplified and was then subcloned into vector pRG-AMA1- NotI to produce a recombinant plasmid pERG6,which was further transformed into uracil auxotroph A.fumigatus strain AF293.1 to produce the transformant AF-pERG6.In the same time,empty plasmid pRG-AMA1-NotI was also transformed into A.fumigatus strain AF293.1 to produce the transformant AF-empty as a control.Radial growth of the transformants was tested on minimal medium (MM) and YAG medi- um.Antifungal susceptibilities of these resahing transformants,AF-pERG6 and AF-empty,to the common antifungal agents were performed by using both disk diffusion and broth microdillution methods.A.fumigatus genome contains a ERG6 gene,of which the ORF size is 1 256 bp.Comparing to Candida albicans and Sacchromyces cerivisiae sterol methyltransferase,A.fumigatus Erg6p had 57% and 50% identity, and had 70% and 63% similarity in amino acid sequences,respectively.Radial growth of transformant AF-pERG6 was slower than that of transformant AF-empty.The antifungal susceptibilties of transformant AF-pERG6 to the antifungal drugs itraconazole,voriconazole,terbin- aline,amphotericin B,caspofungin and grisefolvin were same to that of transformant AF-empty.In A.fumigatus,extra copies of ERG6 gene have no effect on antifungal susceptibilities to itraconazole,voriconazole,terbinafine,amphotericin B,caspofungin and grisefolvin.Radial growth of A.fumigatus harboring extra copies of ERG6 gene becomes slower compared to the control.

Evidence-Based Medicine ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Evidence-Based Practice ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum procalcitonin (PCT) level in children with acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods The serum PCT levels and their changes before and after the treatment in 120 children with KD at acute phase were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of ultrasonic echocardiography, all children were divided into coronary artery damage (CAL) group and no coronary artery lesion (NCAL) group. According to the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, patients were divided into two groups (A: yes and B: no ). According to the presence of abnormal liver function, patients were divided into two groups (C:yes and D:no). PCT levels were compared between groups. Results The serum PCT levels were increased at acute phase in 56 (46.67%) patients before the treatment than those in normal children, which were decreased obviously after treatment (P<0.05). There were 31 cases combined with CAL, the rising rate of PCT was 38.71%, which was no significant difference compared with that of NCAL group (49.44%, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in serum PCT value between CAL group and NCAL group (P>0.05). The serum C-reactive protein level was significantly higher in CAL group than that of NCAL group. There were 35 patients combined with gastrointestinal symptoms in 120 KD patients. There was no significant difference in the rising rate of PCT between patients with gastrointestinal symptoms (62.86%) and patients without gastrointestinal symptoms (40.00%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum PCT level between these two groups of patients. There were 42 cases with liver dyfunction in 120 KD patients, the PCT rising rate (52.38%) was no statistically significant difference compared with that of patients with no liver dyfunction (43.59%, P>0.05). And there was no significant difference in serum PCT value between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion PCT can reflect the acute phase of KD patients. The increased PCT level may be related with the emergence of gastrointestinal symptoms, even though it cannot predict CAL and the occurrence of liver damage.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Amanita ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mushroom Poisoning ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

The quality control method and standard were established to control the quality of Pteris multifida in this paper. The tests of water content, total ash, acid-unsoluble ash and ethanol-soluble extractives of P. multifida were carried out according to the methods recorded in appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition, volume 1) . The TLC method was established by using rhoifolin as references, and a mixture of CHCl3 -MeOH-HAc (6: 1: 1) as the developing solvent system on GF254 thin layer plate. The contents of rhoifolin was determined by HPLC on a Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) column, using acetonitrile-water (containing 0.15% formic acid) (16: 84) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was 30 degrees C and the detection wave-length was 350 nm. As a result, pterosin C 3-O-β-D-glucosidede and the other constituents were well separated on TLC detected under the UV light at 254 nm . The methodology validation for the assay of rhoifolin presented that it was in good linear correlation in the ranges of 0.025 5-5.1 μg with the regression equations of Y = 1 092.4X + 9.503 5 (r = 0.999 8), and the average recoveries were 100.3% (RSD 1.3%). The content range of rhoifolin from 16 different batches of Pteris multifida was 0.08-5.06 mg x g(-1). The water content, total ash, acid-unsoluble ash and ethanol-soluble extractives of 16 samples varied in the ranges of 7.35% - 12.96%, 6.90% - 16.33%, 2.07% -11.38% and 13.29% -23.87%, respectively. The suggesting limes in the quality standard for water content, total ash, acid-unsoluble ash, ethanol-soluble extractives and rhoifolin content were ≤ 12% , ≤ 15% , ≤ 8.5% , ≥ 14% and ≥ 0.040%, respectively. The result proved that the established quality of control method was specific and accurate, which can be used for the quality control of P. multifida.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Pteris ; chemistry ; Quality Control