Since the instability of the spine caused by trauma,tumor,tuberculosis,deformity cor-rection and other reasons requires reconstruction,many scholars have conducted a large number of thorough researches,but the treatment options for unstable cervical spine still plague the clinicians.Considering the factors of stability and safety,more and more clinicians choose cervical pedicle screw placement as the treatment for spinal instability.In this work,the most common methods and the latest technologies of cervi-cal pedicle screw placement at home and abroad are summarized and reviewed.It provides references for clinical practices and presents the significance of high-tech assisted screw placement in the future.

AIM:To observe and analyze visual quality changes of the patients with posterior capsule opacification ( PCO ) Nd:YAG laser posterior capsular dissection, including the change of the best corrected vision acuity ( BCVA ) , total high- order aberration ( tHOA ) , and the modulation transfer function ( MTF) .
METHODS:In this prospective observational study, 100 cases of patients ( 100 eyes ) with posterior cataract underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsular dissection ( posterior capsular diameter dissected was 5mm or higher). The mean age was 65. 52±7. 01 years old. The change of the BCVA was collected. The tHOA and MTF under the 3mm and 5mm pupil diameter were assessed by iTrace respectively before and after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsular dissection.
RESULTS:All the surgery went well without obvious intraoperative and postoperative complications happened. The preoperative BCVA was 0. 451 ± 0. 023 while the postoperative BCVA was 0. 763±0. 025. The difference of BCVA before and after Nd: YAG laser surgery was statistically significant (P<0. 01). At 3mm pupil diameter, the tHOA preoperative was 0. 551 ± 0. 031 while the postoperative tHOA was 0. 214± 0. 011, the differences were significance (P<0. 05). At 3mm pupil diameter while the spatial frequencies ( 5cpd, 10cpd, 15cpd, 20cpd, 25cpd, 30cpd ) respectively, the MTF tHOA value postoperative (0. 644±0. 023, 0. 49±0. 011, 0. 311±0. 015, 0.202±0. 018, 0. 056±0. 027, 0. 041±0. 011) were significantly higher than that preoperative (0. 401±0. 021, 0. 261±0. 026, 0. 179±0. 012, 0. 108±0. 014, 0. 031±0. 016, 0. 022±0. 021), and the difference has statistical significance (P<0. 05). At 5mm pupil diameter, the tHOA preoperative was 0. 752±0.028 while the postoperative tHOA was 0. 361±0. 014, the differences were significance (P<0. 01). At 5mm pupil diameter while the spatial frequencies ( 5cpd, 10cpd, 15cpd, 20cpd, 25cpd, 30cpd) respectively the MTF tHOA value postoperative (0. 426±0. 027, 0. 209±0. 018, 0. 172±0. 013, 0. 116±0. 015, 0. 049±0. 010, 0. 034±0. 014 ) were significantly higher than that preoperative (0. 234±0. 021, 0. 102±0. 019, 0. 088±0. 016, 0. 058±0. 022, 0. 021±0. 014, 0.016 ± 0. 011 ), and the difference had statistical significance (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Patients with posterior capsule opacification ( PCO ) Nd:YAG laser posterior capsular dissection can help improve BCVA, reduce tHOA, increase MTF tHOA values, and significantly improve visual quality of patients.

Antineoplastic Agents ; standards ; therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease-Free Survival ; Europe ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Maximum Tolerated Dose ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Quality of Life ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Failure ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Acanthosis Nigricans ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Antigens, CD ; genetics ; Biomarkers ; blood ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Donohue Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Insulin ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To explorethe relationship between serum uric acid (SUA ) and transcutaneousoxygenpressure(TcPO2)inpatientswithT2DM.Methods 622hospitalizedpatients with T2DM were recruited and divided into high SUA (HUA) group and normal SUA (T2DM) group.The differences in TcPO2 (initial value ,stable value ,initial value‐stable value ,leg‐raising initial value and leg‐raising maximum value)were compared between two groups.The correlations between SUA and TcPO2 were evaluated. Results The levels of TcPO2 were lower in HUA group than in T2DM group [initial value:left (34.05 ± 13.17) vs (39.26 ± 15.82) ,right (34.71 ± 14.90) vs (40.15 ± 16.23);stable value:left (38.93 ± 12.23) vs(45.19 ± 13.40) ,right (39.98 ± 12.34) vs (45.90 ± 16.77) ,P<0.05]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the SUA levels negatively related with the stable TcPO2 value of leftor right side ,and with the change between the initial value and the stable value of TcPO2 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that SUA level was the impact factorof the left TcPO2 stable value. Conclusion HUA may be one of the risk factors microcirculation disorder in T2DM patients.

Bioethics, one of the focus subjects in 21 century,attracts the attention in the worldwide.Originated from western developed countries,it has been branded with distinct western civilization,which is disadvantageous to the development of the subject.Some suggestions are put forward as following: 1.Communication between the East and the West should be promoted in order to form a solid multi-cultural base for bioethics. For instance, in America ethics bears the imprint of religious conventionality,while in China politics is infiltrated into traditional ethical ideas. Both of them are not perfect. So they cannot form the base of bioethics. 2.Research on the "base line" of the bioethics should be emphasized in order to provide freer academic atmosphere. Transplanting the western bioethical ideas to the developing countries will never work. As for the bioethical"base line",different countries should establish feasible ethical codes according to their own actual situations. 3.Scientists should be encouraged to adopt various technical ways to explore the problems in the field of bioethics.Such methods as tissue-engineering,antologous stem-cell replanting and cell diffrenttation inducing may bring about earlier breakthrough than fetus stem-cell.Equal attention,encouragement and support should be given to bioethics.

Objective To explore impact of nursing intervention on the adverse reaction of patient con-trol epidural analgesia (PCEA) after abdominal operation. Methods 258 patients underwent PCEA after ab-dominal operation were selected from 2006 to 2007. The clinical data of 126 patients without nursing interven-tion were analyzed as the control group admitted to our hospital from January to December, 2006 and compared with those of 132 patients receiving nursing intervention as the experimental group from January to December, 2007. The control group was managed by the anesthetists and nurses only conducted routine nursing instruction, while the experimental group was given systematic and normative nursing intervention besides routine nursing instructions, including psychological intervention, behavioral intervention, close observation, of discovery of ad-verse reaction in time and giving early disposal. The incidence of adverse reaction of PCEA of the two groups such as urinary retention, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, skin indentation, catheter shedding, skin itching, numbness of lower limbs, respiratory depression was observed. Results Compared with the control group,the incidence of adverse reactions of PCEA in the experimental group such as urinary retention,nansea and vomiting, abdominal distension,skin indentation,catheter shedding was significantly lower. Conclusions The implementation of nursing intervention can reduce the adverse reaction of PCEA after abdominal operation, alle-viate the suffering of patients, and promote functional recovery and the body rehabilitation.

The cerebral blood flow of infant is effected by physiological and pathological factors.As the cerebrovascular autoregulation of neonates is poor,in pathological cases,especially when hypoxemia and hypercapnia impaired regulation of its own,lead to changes in cerebral blood flow,then resulting in severe brain injury.It has made enormous progress in the research on the changes of cerebral blood flow in newborns in recent years.In normal infants,cerebral blood flow velocities is positively correlated to gestational age and body weight,and increase gradually with day-age in the first week after birth.The cerebral blood flow of newborn with brain injury can present as insufficiency,over-perfusion or low speed high-resistance earlier and high speed low-resistance later.Different results may be related to the duration and severity of asphyxia,but all of those are signs of damage of self-regulatory function of cerebral blood flow.Cerebral hemodynamic change is the important pathogenesis mechanism of brain injury.

Garlic is a bulb from generalized liliaceous plant Alli-um sativum, it plays an essential role in the prevention and treat-ment of cardiovascular diseases, tumors and pathogenic microor-ganisms. Through consulting domestic and foreign references, the main active ingredients of garlic and their pharmacological
effects are reviewed, the problems and achievement in Chinese research are also discussed. It can provide a certain reference for the further study of garlic and new drug development.

Objective: To determine lipid rafts on the membrane of T cells is the functional microdomains for IL-2? receptor. Methods: Flow cytometric analysis was performed for expression of CD25(IL-2R?) on the surface of T cells. Lipid rafts were isolated by discontinuous sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The localization of IL-2R? in fractions isolated from sucrose density gradients was determined by immunoblotting and detected by chemiluminescence. Results: cells were stimulated with IL-2 and expression of CD25(IL-2R?) on the surface of T cells was 37.08%. Immunoblot analysis of fractions from sucrose gradients revealed that a large proportion of IL-2R? was localized in lipid rafts. Conclusions: lipid rafts is the functional microdomains for IL-2? receptors.