Objective To optimize the preparation of high-efficiency galactocylated poly-L-lysine (Gal-PLL) ligand of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in liver, providing premise and foundation for upper preparation of ultrasound contrast agent of liver targeted nanoscale perfluorocarbon microballoon and the liver targeted molecular imaging. Methods Chemical reactions of reductive amination were carried out on group A and group B according to different proportions of reaction component. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups. In group A, three different molar ratios of D-galactose and poly-L-lysine (PLL) were compounded respectively with equivalent and sufficient reductant borohydride. In group B, identical molar ratios of D-galactose and PLL were compounded respectively with three unequal reductants borohydride. Products of each group were separated and purified by sephadex column to acquire different molecular weight distributions and the results were analyzed. Results In the condition of identical reductant, the peak curve of compound's molecular weight appeared earlier when D-galactose decreased properly. In the condition of identical molar ratio of D-galactose and PLL,the peak curve of compound's molecular weight appeared also earlier when reductant decreased properly. When the molar ratio of D-galactose and reductant was 1∶1, the peak curve of compound Gal-PLL and free components was more obvious, and the quantity of compound Gal-PLL increased to maximum. Conclusions In the condition of identical reductant, coupling effect of D-galactose and PLL increased when D-galactose decreased properly. In the condition of identical molar ratio of D-galactose and PLL, coupling effect was better when reductant decreased properly. When the molar ratio of D-galactose and reductant was 1∶1, coupling effect of them was the best. The coupling of D-galactose and PLL was related to not only the proportion of D-galactose and PLL, but also the proportion of D-galactose and reductant.

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; physiopathology ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study on the reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) the rotational alignment reference bony landmarks of the proximal tibial component on magnetic resonance image (MRI) were measured.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to December 2013, 80 normal knees of Chinese volunteers including 35 males and 45 females with an average age of (35.4±6.1) years were reviewed. The images of the knees were obtained by MRI. The surgical epicondylar axis (STEA) was identified in the femoral transverse sections and then was projected to the side of tibia, forming the SETA'. A line connecting the medial border of the patellar tendon and the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion (Akagi line) and its vertical line (AK), as well as a line connecting the medial 1/3 of the patellar tendon and the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion and its vertical line (AP), were identified in the tibial transverse sections. The angles were measured between the AK, AP and STEA'.

RESULTSThe angle between AK and STEA' was (0.59±2.07)°, and there was no significant difference between the two lines (t=-2.54, P=0.13). The mean angle between AP and STEA' was (3.21±2.04)°, and there was a significant difference between the two lines (t=14.05, P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the AK and AP (t=-11.68, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in TKA is good.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rotation ; Tibia ; surgery

25% or decrease by 15%,at termination ofTCI propofol and 5 rain after termination for determination of arterial plasma propofol concentrations which werecompared with the values predicted by the TCI system.Performance was determined by the median performanceerror(MDPE),the mean absolute performance error(MDAPE),the divergence and the wobble.Results A totalof 200 blood samples were taken.The mean value for MDPE was 14.9%(-21.6%-42.9%),for MDAPE23.3%(6.9%-62.5%),for divergence -1.9%?h~(-1)(-32.7%?h~(-1)-23.0%?h~(-1))and for wobble 18.9%(4.2%-59.6%).PE did not increase with time but with increasing target propofol concentration.ConclusionThe anesthesia was satisfactory in all patients.The predictive performance of Diprifusor TCI system is consideredacceptable for clinical purposes.The wobble is relatively big,for Chinese patients the pharmacokinetic model needsimproving.

Objective To analyse the clinical effect of Quantianma capsules combined with flupentixol and melitracen tablets on chronic migraine. Methods 130 patients with chronic migraine were treated with flupentixol and melitracen tablets, were divided into control group and observation group, 65 patients in each group. The observation group were given to Quantianma capsules. Results The effective rate of observation group with 90.77% was higher than control group with 73.85%(P<0.05). After treatment, the number of migraine attacks, duration time, VAS score, HAMA and HAMD score and mean flow velocity of cerebral artery of two groups were lower than pre-treatment and observation group were lower than that of control group(P<0.05). Adverse reactions were similar in the two groups. Conclusion Quantianma capsules can improve the efficacy of treatment of chronic migraine combined with flupentixol and melitracen tablets and improve condition with few adverse effects.

Objective To compare the effects of every-other-day dose simvastatin administration with that of daily therapy of same dose.Methods This was a randomized,prospective,nonblinded clinical trial.The 186 patients with high low-density lipoproteim cholesterol(LDL-C) and/or high total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was studied.All patients were randomized into two groups.The every-other-day do- sing group recerived 20mg of simvastatin in alternate-day and daily dosing group received 20mg of simvastatin every day.Before and after 6 weeks,12 weeks of treatment,serum lipoprotein,Live function tests and ereatine kinase con centra- tion and so on were drawn and bad-side effect were studies.Results The two groups significantly reduce LDL-C,TC, TG and a little increased HDL-C compared with baseline.No stalistically significant differences existed between the two groups in percentage in decrease in lipoprotain at 6 weeks,12 weeks compared with baseline.The bad-side effect in the two groups also had not a singnificant different.Conclusion The every-other-day dose of simvastatin have similar effi- cacious and safe to daily dosing in patients with hyperlipidemia and some cost savings.It can take a primary prevention to coronary heart disease in patients with relatively low-risk hyperlipidemia.

Perforator stroke(PS)is one of peri-procedural complications associated with stenting of intracranial arterial stenosis.A lot of perforator arteries are derived from intracranial arteries with difference from coronary arteries,because once the intracranial perforator arteries of crucial regions are occluded,may lead to fatal prognosis.Three hypothesis have been used to explain PS including snow-plowing,stent jailing effect and in-stent neointimal growth.In vivo models,investigators have already found these phenomenas.After much attention been paid on PS,authors have published a report covered with a large amount of cases in 2006. The author figured out that patients with perforator infarct adjacent to the stenotie segment(PIAS)under MRI beforehand would have higher chance occurring PS after stenting of intracranial stenosis.The patients with priority of PS easily are affected by the morphology,location,etiology,sites,the type and equipments.Many yet unsolved problems including the prevention would arouse us to go deeper into for the exploration of the mechanism.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:858-862)

AIM:To investigate the differences among Lenstar 900, A-scan ultrasound and keratometer in measurement of axial length ( AL ) , anterior chamber depth ( ACD ) and corneal curvature ( K1 , K2 , Km ) , and evaluate the consistency of the instruments, with the purpose providing references for the clinical application of Lenstar 900.
METHODS: In this study we picked up 36 patients ( 50 eyes ) underwent cataract surgery, and lens nucleus hardness were under level IV. Before the operation, AL, ACD and K1 , K2 , Km were measured by Lenstar 900, A-scan ultrasound and keratometer respectively. The differences between the results were compared by the paired t-test. The correlation of the results was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis, and the consistency was measured by Bland-Ahamn method.
RESULTS: The mean AL and ACD values measured by Lenstar 900 and A-scan ultrasound had no significantly statistic differences (P>0. 05). The K1, K2, Km measured by Lenstar 900 and keratometer were not significantly statistical different (P>0. 05). The results measured by these three instruments had close linearity correlation ( r>0.9, P<0. 01). The consistency of the results was well in Bland-Ahamn analysis.
CONCLUSION:The preoperatively biometric result of Lenstar 900, A - scan ultrasound and keratometer in patients with cataract are all reliable, and they can be substituted by each other. However, Lenstar 900 can not only measure AL, ACD and corneal curvature at the same time, but also cornal thickness, lens thickness, white to white, pupil size, optical axis eccentricity, retinal thickness and so on. It has a number of advantages such as non-touching, convenient and efficient, and can be recommended to use widely.

Objective To investigate radionuclide imaging and routine CT in diagnosing hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and the combined diagnostic value of the two modalities. Methods Thirty-two patients with hepatic FNH were retrospectively studied. All patients underwent routine CT scan. Twenty-four patients were examined by 99Tcm-sulfur colloid (SC) hepatic planar scintigraphy and SPECT/CT imaging, and then patients who had abnormal foci underwent 99Tcm-diethyl iminodiacetic acid (EHIDA) triple-phase hepatobiliary imaging. x2 -test of four-table or Fisher exact probabilities in 2 × 2 table was applied for statistical analysis. Results Of all 32 patients pathologically diagnosed as FNH with single solitary nodule, 25 were classified as classic type and the rest 7 as non-classic type. Although routine CT found all hepatic lesions, only 15 cases were diagnosed pathologically as FNH classic type but the rest were either misdiagnosed or left as indeterminate. On radionuclide imaging (hepatic colloid scintigraphy plus triple-phase hepatobiliary images), 11 patients with big foci (with maximal diameter ＞3 cm) out of 24 patients were correctly diagnosed as FNH, with 7 diagnosed as classic type FNH and 4 as non-classic. Other 13 patients were either misdiagnosed or simply missed. The diagnosing rates of routine CT and radionuclide imaging were60.0% (15/25) and 38.9% (7/18) for FNH classic type, 0/7 and 4/6 for non-classic type,50.0% (10/20) and 73.3% (11/15) for big foci, 41.7% (5/12) and 0/9 forsmall foci (with maximal diameter≤3 cm), respectively. The total diagnosing rate of radionuclide imaging combined with routine CT was significantly higher than that of routine CT or radionuclide imaging alone ( x2 = 4. 48, P ＜ 0. 05;x2 =4.27, P ＜0.05 ). Conclusion Radionuclide imaging in combination with routine CT may improve the diagnostic accuracy for hepatic FNH patients.

Objective To investigate the carotid atherosclerosis(AS) in hemodialysis(HD) patients.Methods Clinical index was measured and intma-media thickness(IMT) of extracranial common carotid artery and presence of atherosclerotic plaques were determined by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography.Results The age,disease duration,HD duration,triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL),serum C-reactive protein(CRP),mean carotid artery IMT in HD with atherosclerotic plaque were significantly higher than HD without atherosclerotic plaque patients,however,the serum albumin(Alb) was significantly decreased.Mean carotid artery IMT is related to the disease duration,Alb,TG,LDL,CRP in HD patients.Conclusion The CRP,mean carotid artery IMT were increased in HD with atherosclerotic plaque.Mean carotid artery IMT is related to the disease duration,Alb,TG,LDL,CRP in HD patients.To improve malnutrition and decrease micro-inflammation,serum lipid might reduce the rate of AS in HD.