Infantile spasm is the most common epileptic encephalopathy in infancy.Without early diagnosis and effective treatment, serious consequences and economic burden maybe caused.One of the main characteristics of infantile spasm is the hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalography (EEG). It is important to analyze EEG accurately and reliably by scoring EEG.In order to further improve the EEG scoring system and better play the role of EEG in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis implications of infantile spasm, in this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of various EEG scoring systems were analyzed, so as to provide clues by summarizing current EEG scoring systems and their applications in clinical practices.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Rickets ; prevention & control ; Vitamin D ; therapeutic use

Objective To study the effect of Zusanli and Guanyuan electroacupuncture ( EA) on inflammatory reaction in patients with sepsis. Methods A prospective and randomized trial was carried out in 58 sepsis patients, and the patients were randomly divided into EA group and control group. Patients in both groups were given conventional western medicine treatment, and EA group received EA at acupoints of Zusanli and Guanyuan additionally. The hospitalization time in intensive care unit ( ICU) of the two groups was compared. The changes of serum lactic acid (LA) level and inflammatory indexes including white blood cell and neutrophil count, C- reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and procalcitonin (PCT) of the two groups were observed before and after treatment. Results The hospitalization time in ICU of EA group was less than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . On the seventh day after treatment, the serum LA level of EA group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05) . Inflammatory indexes of EA group were decreased after treatment compared with those before treatment ( P<0.05) , and on seventh day after treatment, the inflammatory indexes of EA group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion EA at acupoints of Zusanli and Guanyuan is effective for the treatment of sepsis through reducing the inflammatory reaction of sepsis patients.

Objective To evaluate pericardial devascularization with splenectomy (PCDV) for the treatment of cirrhotic portal hypertension. Methods From January 1994 to December 2004, 177 patients were treated by PCDS, among them posthepatitic cirrhosis was identified in 170 cases, and alcoholic cirrhosis in 7. One hundred and thirty two patients were operated on electively, 25 prophylactically, and 20 emergently. Results The bleeding control rate was 95% , the overall operative mortality rate was 4. 5%. The main causes of death were upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic failure and intra-abdomimal hemorrhage. The mean follow-up time was 3. 6 years. The 5-year survival rate was 90%. The 5-year recurrent bleeding rate was 5. 1% , The rate of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy was 5. 1%. Conclusions This procedure has the advantage of high successful rate of bleeding control, low complication rate, and long term survival.

Objective To evaluate the value of cholangiography for early diagnosis of ischemic-type biliary lasions(ITBL) after liver transplantation. Methods Two hundred and fifty-three patients with liver transplantaion between Jan 2004 and Oct 2006 were recruited. Initial cholangiography was compared with terminal cholangiography to evaluate the value of initial cholangiography of ITBL. The t test, Chi-square test, sum rank test were used for statistics. Results Based on initial cholangiography, 189 patients were diagnosed with normal appearance, while 64 patients were diagnosed with abnormal appearance. The abnormal initial cholangiography appearances included poor filling in 33 patients and irregularity in 31 patients. Based on terminal cholangiogruphy, 199 patients were diagnosed with normal appearance and 54 patients with ITBL In patients with abnormal initial cholangiography, ITBL was occurred in 39 of 64 patients including 10 of 33 poor frlling patients and 29 of 31 irregularity patients. In patients with normal initial appearance, ITBL was only occurred in 15 of 189 patients. The abnormal initial cholangiography was associated with ITBL significantly (X2 = 79.999, P = 0.000, r = 0.490). Initial cholangiography had an overall sensitivity of 72.22%, and specificity of 87.44%, with positive and negative predictive values of 60.94% and 92.06%, respectively. The abnormal initial cholangiogruphy was a risk factor of ITBL by logistic regression analyses(OR=15.193, P=0.000). Conclusion The abnormal initial cholangiography is associated with ITBL Initial cholangiography, especially minimal irregular of intrabepatic biliary tract, is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of ITBL after liver transplantation.

A design of the wireless ambulatory blood pressure monitoring system has been presented based on ARM embedded microprocessor and GPRS module for the extention of native mobile telemedicine. The whole system framework and flow chart have been introduced in detail. Based on RBF neural networks, the ambulatory blood pressure data curve has been simulated, and the trend curve provides a reliable gist for the prevention, treatment, diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy of cerebrocardiac diseases.
Algorithms ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Computer Communication Networks ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Software

When looking back to the literature regarding insomnia, it is believed that "disharmony of stomach leads to insomnia" is an important mechanism for the attack of insomnia. This theory is widely accepted in clinical practices by ancient and modern acupuncturists, thus the method treating insomnia from the stomach is developed. But deeper research on its mechanism is still lacking. Through correlation between stomach meridian and heart meridian, spleen and stomach being the pivot of rise and decline of qi movement and yin-yang and being the pivot of five zang-viscera housing spirit, modern abdomen-brain theory and experimental research, the mechanism of treating insomnia from the stomach is discussed in this paper, so as to be better to guide clinical acupoint-selection and treatment.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Stomach ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of Xinfeng Capsule (XFC) in treating adjuvant arthritis of rats and its effect on fas, fasL and bcl-2 expression in synovial membrane.

METHODSRats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the model group, the methotrexate (MTX) group, the TPT group and the XFC group. Except for the rats in the normal group, animals were modelled to adjuvant arthritis with Freund's complete adjuvant, and the latter three groups were treated with MTX, Tripterygium wilfordii polysaccharide (TPT) and XFC respectively. The arthritis index (AI), change of body weight (BW) of rats were recorded, and the expressions of fas, fasL and bcl-2 in rats' synovial membrane were determined.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment, the AI in the three treated groups was lowered significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The BW increment in the XFC group after treatment was insignificantly different to that in the normal group (P > 0.05), while it was significantly lower in the other two treated groups than that in the normal group and the XFC group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, fasL expression was increased in the XFC group significantly (P < 0.05), but bcl-2 expression decreased, fas expression showed insignificant difference (P > 0.05). Comparison of the three gene expressions between the three treated groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONXFC could decrease AI in rats with adjuvant arthritis in the same way as MTX and TPT, it effected better in increasing BW than the latter two. The effect of XFC might be performed by its action in enhancing fasL expression, inhibiting bcl-2 expression and promoting apoptosis of proliferated synovial membranous cell so as to restrain hyperplasia of synovial membrane.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Arthritis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Hyperplasia ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Phytotherapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Synovial Membrane ; metabolism ; pathology ; fas Receptor ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To construct pseudotype retrovirus which integrates hemagglutinin(HA)of H5N1 avian influenza virus(AIV)isolated from human in Shenzhen.Methods AIV HA gene was amplified bv RT-PCR,then it was ligated with pGEM-T vector,and identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequenced.HA gene was cloned into CMV/R vector at the site of Sal Ⅰ and BamH Ⅰ.pHR-Luc,pCMV&8.2 and CMV-HA were co-transfected into 293T cell by co-precipitation with calcium phosphate.The pseudotype virus supernatant was harvested 72 h post-transfection and ultracentrifugation,and the HA and P24 expression on the surface of pseudotype virus was analyzed by western blot.Meanwhile.the infection activity of HIV-HA pseudotype virus was identified in different kinds of cell lines,including MDCK,HeLa,CHO and 293T.Results A/Shenzhen/406H/06 belonged to subclade2.3 with open reading frame(ORF)of HA gene encoded 567 amino acides,whose accession number was EF137706 in GenBank.HA gene was cloned into CMV/R successfully.After co-transfection of above vectors,it revealed that HA protein could integrate pseudotype virus by western blot,and precursor protein HA0 could cleavage into HA1 and HA2 with biological activity.Finally.HIV-HA pseudotype virus could infect 4 kinds of cell lines,which indicated its property of infectivity and catholicity.Conclusion The pseudotype retrnvirns wassuccessfully constructed,which can integrate HA protein of A/Shenzhen/406H/06 and had property of infectivity.It call be used in the further research,including selection of neutralizing antibodies and epitope analysis.

Objective To establish neutralization assay based on H5N1 avian influenza pseudotyped virus in vitro and to evaluate neutralizing titer of convalescent serum from 2 patients with H5N1 avian influenza.Methods pHR-Luc,pCMV△8.2 and CMV/R-SH or CMV/R-TH were cotransfected into 293T cell by co-precipitation with calcium phosphate.Pseudotyped virus supernatant was harvested 72 h posttranofection and identified the expression of HA and P24 by Western blot,and then we analyzed infective activity of 200 μL supernatant of pseudotyped virus.293T cell integrated HA was prepared and anti-HA antibodies in convalescent serum were measured with FACS assay.Neutralizing titers of convalescent serums against Shenzhen and Thailand pseudotyped virus were determined based on calculating IC50 with neutralizing assay.Results Pseudotyped virus involved P24 and HA,and precursor protein HA0 could cleavage into HA1 and HA2 with biological activity.Pseudotyped virus possessed better infective activity,and RLA value was about 2 × 104 with 200 μL supernatant.Both convalescent serums contained anti-HA antibodies and had cross-reactivity against different virus clades with FACS assay.Both convalescent serums had neutralizingactivity and could cross-neutralize different virus clades.However,both serums'neutralizing titers against Shenzhen virus were higher than Thailand.Conclusion We successfully constructed infectious pseudotyped virus which integrated HA of Shenzhen or Thailand virus,and it could be used for evaluation of serum neutralizing activity fast,efficiently and safely with broadly application prospect.