The thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum(OLF)is usually located in the lower thoracic spine.Thoracic OLF has been widely recognized as a main cause of thoracic myelopathy.The pathogenesis of OLF is poorly understood.Because the thoracic OLF has many clinical manifestations and it is commonly combined with other spinal disorders,it is easy to be misdiagnosed or to be a delayed diagnosis.The surgical treatment of thoracic OLF has high risk and Serious complications.In this paper the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum in recent years are reviewed.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Amoxicillin ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Penicillins ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Secondary Prevention

Standardization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)term translation is the focus of TCM translation studies. Based on the Skopos theory and our interviews to 6 internationals, this paper aims to explore the purposes and principles of TCM term translation from the perspective of the client, the translator and the addressee. Finally, four fundamental principles of TCM term translation are summarized in order to provide references for the standardization of TCM term translation.

Researches on monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering muhiple myeloma (SMM) are at a low level although their incidence is high.This review discusses curent biological insights in MGUS/SMM and discusses how the integration of novel biological markers,molecular imaging,and clinical monitoring of MGUS/SMM could facilitate the development of early treatment strategies for high-risk SMM (early myeloma) patients in the future.

Objective This paper addresses the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nomenclature translation and put forward suggestions through a comparative study on English translations of TCM terms for liver and gallbladder diseases.Method With the principle of standardization, the principle of correspondence, the principle of readability and the principle of nationalism as the possible criteria, translations of 8 TCM terms available in 7 publications at home and abroad are compared and analyzed.Results 5 of the 8 terms have at least two English versions. The principle of standardization and the principle of readability are violated more frequently than the other two.Conclusion The standardization of TCM nomenclature is progressing steadily.However, efforts are still necessary for translators to improve English language proficiency. The principle of standardization and the principle of readability need to be further enhanced.

ObjectiveTo study the protection of Chinese herbs on the ischemic brain of rats. Methods 75 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, Group 1 for false operation. For the other four groups, the common carotid artery was exposed then was ligatured and cut off, Group 2 for model. From the 20th hour after operation on,Group 3, 4, 5 were fed with complex prescription of Chinese medicine named Prescription 1, 2 and 3 once a day respectively. 3 hours after taking medicine, Groups 2-5 were put in the hypoxia environment for 1 hours, then taking the medicine for 7 days. On the 7th day after operation,the blood was taken from R. atria then the rats were killed and the whole right brains were cut off. Malonaldehyde (MDA), notric oxide synthetase (NOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain tissue and serum, and calcium in the brain were measured respectively. ResultsThe three prescriptions can decrease the quantity of MDA both in brain tissue and serum and the calcium in brain tissue(P<0.05-0.001).Prescription 1 can enhance the activity of SOD in brain tissue while the others can decrease the activity of NOS. The hippocampus cells show tidy, and the number of the necrotic cells decrease greatly among them, Groups 4 and 5 are better than Group 3.Conclusions Prescriptions 1-3 can protect the brain tissue of the rat form ischemic brain injury.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of postoperative complications in spinal tuberculosis surgery,and try to find a way to improve the results of perioperative management and reduce or avoid the postoperative complications.Methods All of 172 cases of spinal tuberculosis who were treated by surgery from February 2005 to January 2013 in orthopedic department of Zhongshan hospital,Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed.There were 88 males and 84 females,whose average age was 50.9± 18.7y (18-84y).Among them 98 cases got cold abscess,and 56 cases had tuberculosis poisoning symptoms.The lesions located mostly in thoracic spine (112/172,65.1％) and lumbar spine (40/172,23.3％),while rarely in cervical or sacral spine.2 intervertebral spaces were involved in 116 cases (67.4％),more than 2 intervertebral spaces were involved in 32 cases (18.6％),and single intervertebral space were involved in the rest cases (14.0％).38 cases were treated through single anterior approach,54 cases were treated by anterior-posterior surgical approach,and single posterior approach was performed in 80 cases.58 cases were suffered from neurological dysfunction.All the postoperative complications and related clinical parameters during hospitalization period were collected and analyzed with SPSS software.Each clinical parameter was analyzed with univariate analysis to find the factors related to postoperative complications,and then the related factors were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis.Results All of 172 patients were included and 41.9％ (72/172) of the patients suffered from postoperative complications.System complications were the most common (33.7％,58/172).The rates of local complications were 10.5％ (18/172).Univariate analysis showed that the lesion site,value of hemoglobin,electrolyte disturbances,postoperative ASIA score and blood loss were related with postoperative complications.Posterior approach related with local complications.Multivariate regression analysis showed that preoperative hemoglobin ＜100 g/L,poor postoperative ASIA scores and long period of preoperative anti-TB treatment (＞28 days) were related with the system or local postoperative complications.Conclusion Patients with anemia (hemoglobin ＜ 100g/L),poor postoperative neurological function and long period of preoperative anti-TB treatment could take more risks of the postoperative complications.

Objective: To compare the effects of needle pricking therapy plus rotating-pulling manipulation and rotating-pulling manipulation on blood velocity,angiokinesis,and blood viscosity in patients with vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis(CSA),and discuss its mechanisms.Methods: 216 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups according to numeric representation,108cases in the treatment group were treated by needle pricking therapy plus rotating pulling manipulation,and 108 cases in the control group were treated by rotating pulling manipulation.The peak systolic blood velocity(Vpeak),end diastolic blood velocity(Vmin),pulsatile index(PI)and resistant index(RI)of the bilateral vertebral arteries(VA)and basilar arteries(BA)were examined by transcranial doppler sonography(TCD).The values of whole blood apparent viscosity and plasma viscosity of both groups were recorded.The indexes before and after treatment of both groups were compared.Results: The therapeutic effects of the above-mentioned indexes of the treatment group were significantly superior to those of the control group(P<0.05).In comparison with pre-treatment,the whole blood apparent viscosity(high,medium and low shear rates)and plasma viscosity of the treatment group post-treatment were obviously reduced(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion: Needle pricking therapy combined with pulling-rotating manipulation can significantly improve VATCS patients' clinical symptoms,which may be closely related to its effects in lowering vascular blood resistance and blood viscosity and increasing cerebral blood supply.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of neuromedin U(NMU) in lymph node metastasis of laryngocarcinoma and provide a new biomarker of metastasis. METHODS Samples of 120 cases of laryngocarcinoma were collected from the Otolaryngology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from 2013 to 2015. Patients were divided into two groups: metastasis group and non-metastasis group. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the NMU expression in primary tumor and lymph node. An independent tissue microassay was used to analyze the relationship between NMU expression and T, N stages. RESULTS Expression of NMU in metastasis group was higher than that in non-metastasis group, NMU was positively correlated with N stages, but not with T stages. CONCLUSION The expression of NMU is higher in metastasis tissue of laryngocarcinoma, It could be used as a biomarker of lymph node metastasis of laryngocarcinoma.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Codonopsis ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Female ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Selenium ; pharmacology