To introduce the achievements and experiences made by the Training Center of GP teachers.since its establishment,in training hospital-based GP teachers and community-based GP teachers,and to discuss problems occurred in the course of teacher training and resolutions for them.It suggests establishing encouragement mechanism for GP teaching and authentication system of GP teachers and enhancing the teaching capability of GP teachers.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is a common malignant tumor in the world,and surgical resection and liver transplantation are two radical treatment modalities,but only 10%-20%of all patients can receive such treatments.In recent years,local therapies including radiofrequency ablation,microwave ablation,cryoablation,and the irreversible electroporation ablation which appeared recently have gradu-ally become the alternative therapies for the patients who are unable to undergo surgery.In addition to local tumor growth control and im-provement in survival outcomes,the ablation technology also helps to downgrade tumor for secondary resection.This article focuses on the re-search progress in radiofrequency ablation alone and in combination with other therapies in the treatment of HCC,compares radiofrequency ablation with other local ablative therapies,and briefly introduces the application of intelligent navigation technology in adjuvant ablation. With the development of medical imaging and progress in related fields,the ablation technology will be widely applied in clinical practice in the future.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT MIP-MPR image in regional lymph node metastasis of colonic carcinoma.Methods CT findings of 33 cases with pathological confirmed colonic carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively . All patients were underwent three-phase 256-slice CT dynamic enhancement scanning.All data were processed in workstation,to obtain routine MPR and MIP-MPR image.The regional lymph nodes of colon cancer were counted,and divided into 3 groups accord-ing to the short diameter of lymph node:group I (3.0-5.0 mm),group Ⅱ(5.1-10 mm),and group Ⅲ(10.1 mm up).The diag-nostic sensitivity of CT MPR and MIP-MPR image in checking out lymph nodes of different groups was compared by paired test.Re-sults The average value(x ±s )of lymph node number of three groups with routine MPR and MIP-MPR image were:group I, 3.66±1.99,6.09±2.44 (t=1 1.6,P <0.05);group Ⅱ,3.72±1.79,4.03±1.89 (t=3.73,P <0.05);group Ⅲ,1.21±1.31, 1.27±1.46(t=1.44,P >0.05).There were statistical differences in group I and group Ⅱ.Sensitivity of MIP-MPR image in chec-king out regional small and middle lymph nodes of colonic carcinoma was higher than routine MPR image.Conclusion Multi-slice spiral CT MIP-MPR image is a good way to checking out regional small and middle lymph nodes of colonic carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of the standardized general practice training program in Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University.MethodsTotal 183 graduates of 11cohorts completed general practice standardized training in Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University since 2000.A questionnaire survey on the career status was conducted and 173 graduates were responded successfully with a respond rate of 95％.ResultsAmong 173 responded graduates,55 were males and 118 females with an average age of 33.8 y.One hundred and sixty nine graduates (98％) were still engaged in general practice,including 148 working in Shanghai and 21working in other cities.For professional ranks,3 of them were chief physicians,17 vice-chief physicians,81attending physicians and 72 residents (34 of them would be soon promoted to attending physician).Among the 173 graduates,39 were heads of GP teams and 49 held administrative positions.Up to February 2011,81graduates had published 184 papers as firstauthor,32 were successful in grant application and 33 research grants were awarded with a total fund of 2.487 million Yuan.Thirteen graduates obtained the chance for further study of general practice in Hong Kong,Taiwan or abroad.ConclusionThe follow-up study shows that the outcomes of general practice standardized training program in Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital are satisfactory.

Objective To evaluate the standardized general practice training program.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among general practitioners who completed the standardized residency training program in Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from January 2000 to June 2011.Results During this period 183 residents received general practice training,15 were excluded the survey due to loss of follow-up or other reasons,168 questionnaires were distributed and 165 valid questionnaires were returned with a recovery rate of 98％.The main findings:2/3 of surveyed GPs were sent by their affiliated institutions; 85％ evaluated the program as highly or very highly; 56％ thought that their expectations were completely or mostly fulfilled; 68％ thought that the program enhanced their clinical capability and theoretical levels; over half thought that the clinical rotation and strict teaching management were the advantages of the program; 84％ thought that they improved their skills,knowledge and ideas; 74％ thought that the training program was very good or fairly good; 48％ thought that the preceptors in communities were comparatively weak and some theoretical lessons were not relevant to the context of the community.The surveyed GPs required improving of practice components,shortening the total length of training and increasing the teaching contents on scientific research.Conclusion The surveyed general practitioners give credit to the GP residency training in Zhongshan Hospital and put forward some proposals for further improvement.

Objective:To investigate the anatomy of mandibular incisors using microcomputed tomography(Micro-CT).Methods:62 extracted mandibular incisors were selected from dental clinic and observed by Micro-CT.The anatomy of the teeth was analyzed. Results:83.9% of mandibular incisors had a single canal,72.6% had no accessory canal.The location of the apical foramen varied considerably.The mean distance from the root apex to the major lateral apical foramen was (0.613 ±0.298)mm.Of the canals the bucco-lingual diameter were greater than the mesio-distal diameters and the root bucco-lingual canal tapers were greater than the me-sio-distal.Conclusion:The morphology data of mandibular incisors were obtained using Micro-CT.

Objective To explore the effects of low energy intravenous He-Ne laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) on cell proliferation, apoptosis and genotoxicity of lymphocytes in patients with cerebral infarction (CI). Methods The lymphocytes in peripheral blood in patients with CI were sampled before and after treatment and cultured, and then, some parameters such as the mitosis index (MI), cell cyclical kinetics index (CCKI), sister chromatid exchanges frequencies (SCEF) and apoptosis were analyzed in order to explore the effects of ILIB on lymphocytes. Results The proliferative activities of lymphocytes were significantly increased by ILIB (P0.05). After ILIB, the rate of apoptosis in patients with CI was significantly increased when compared with that before treatment and that of the control group, as revealed by flow cytometry (FCM) (P

Objective To assess training programs from trainees of Shanghai General Practice Teacher Training Center for further improvement.Methods Total 171 trainees attending the GP teacher training program in April,2012 were selected for survey.A self-designed questionnaires were adopted in the survey.The rationality of the curriculum and training contents in the program were analyzed.Results Among 170 trainees who answered the questionnaires,86 of them (51％) considered the training curriculum as very appropriate,76 of them (9％) considered as appropriate; 97 of them (57％) thought the training forms as very vivid,65 of them (38％) thought as vivid.The overall evaluation score for teachers was 4.64.Ninety three of the 170 trainees (55％) expressed a great willingness for training,70 (41％) expressed as willingness.Among 170 trainees 156 (92％) preferred to learn new advances in medicine,111 (65％) preferred to learn teaching skills and theories in general practice.Thirty two trainees (19％) considered that the contents of training met the trainees' needs completely,129 (76％)considered that most contents of training met the trainees' needs.Eighty two (48％) considered that they gained a lot after the training,80 (47％) considered that they gained fairly.The survey showed that 147 (86％) believed the training had broadened their minds,104 (61％) believed the training had increased their capabilities of clinical diagnosis and treatment; 53 (31％) thought the training helped raise their theoretical level.Eighty seven (51％) were very satisfied and 75 (44％) were comparatively satisfied with the training in overall evaluation.Conclusion The training program provided by Shanghai General Practice Teacher Training Center is basically satisfactory and trainees are benefited from the training considerably.

Gene therapy of spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most promising method compared with the others, because it doesn't involve the problems of resource and higher exclusion which respectively exists in fetal nerve transplantation and peripheral nerve transplantation. There are two ways of gene therapy to be chosen: one is to transfer objective genes to the target-cells in vivo directly; the other is to transfer objective genes to one proper kind of transplantable cells firstly, then graft the highest expressing cells to the target-cells in vivo. To realize the transfer of genes to cells, two measures are used in common: physical or chemical measure such as micro infection et al and biochemical measure i. e. gene modified defective virus. Although there are some questions unresolved in this field, the clinical value of gene therapy of SCI in the future is depended.

Heparanase(HPA) is an endo-beta-D-glucuronidase that degrades heparan sulfate proteoglycans side chains.Recently data suggested a role of HPA in several proteinuric diseases and an increased glomerular basement membrane.The research advanced of the molecular properties,the role in proteinuric diseases and the specific inhibitor of the human HPA were described.