Objective To study the clinical effects of sequential therapy and standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori.Methods 120 cases with positive Helicobacter pylori were divided into A group and B group according to the number table method,60 cases in each group.A group received sequential therapy ( omeprazole+amoxicillin treatment after 5 days continue to omeprazole clarithromycin and metronidazole treatment for 5 days),B group received standard triple therapy ( omeprazole +amoxicillin +clarithromycin ) , eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori,the total efficiency of ulcer healing and adverse reaction of the two groups were compared.Results The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori of group A was 91.7%(55/60),which was significantly higher than 71.7%(43/60) of group B (χ2 =11.915,P=0.023);the ulcer healing and the total effective rate of group A was 96.7%(58/60),which was significantly higher than 88.3%(53/60) of group B,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =9.915,P=0.038);there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in adverse reaction (χ2 =4.735,P=0.072).Conclusion Sequential therapy has a better effect in treatment Helicobacter pylori than the standard triple therapy, which can significantly improve the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, with no serious adverse reactions.

Objective To explore the etiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of functional evacuation disorder in gastric stump after subtotal gastrectomy. Methods 15 cases with functional evacuation disorder after sub-total gastrectomy were analyzed retrospectively. Results All 15 cases were recovered by conservational therapy. Con-dusion Functional delayed gastric emptying after subtotal gastrectomy is a functional disease and can be healed with comprehensive conservation therapy at all.

Measurement of IgG subclass productions, activities of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and B cell differentia- tion faotors (BCDFs) in vitro were carried out on 37 children with IgG subclass deficiency. The frequency of defective IgG subclass productions induced by PWM is in order asfollows: IgG (7/9), IgG4 (6/11), IgGl (9/17) and IgG3 (2/13). Decreased CD4 oells from PBL, low leves of lymphocyte proliferative responses to PHA and SAC, and reduced activities of IL-6 and BCDFs were found in IgG subclass deficiency patinets. 12 out of 15 cases who had decreased IgG subclass production associated with a reduced activities of IL-6 or/and BCDFs; only 4 out of 15 cases who had normal amounts of IgG subclass production associated with such lymphokine defects. The results would suggest that IgG subclass deficiency may be related to the aberration of isotype switch in order along Ig heavy chain constant gene from 5' -3', and that a variety of abnormalities in T and B cell functions share the contribution to the pathogenesis of IgG subclass deficiency, in which T cell dysfunction may play a more important role.

Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly population in Luohe District of Henan Province.Methods A total of 8 610 residents were recruited for a two-stage cluster sampling survey through a questionnaire of RA according to 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria.Physical examinations and blood tests were performed.Results The crude prevalence rate of rheumatoid arthritis was 0.76％ and 0.71％ for standardized prevalence in the middle-aged and elderly population in Luohe city.In the age distribution,of the 65-69 years old and 60-64 years old prevalence were 1.13％ and 0.84 ％,and 1.10 ％ and 0.77 ％ for standardized prevalence respectively.Sexual comparisons showed a significantly higher prevalence in females than in males (1.02 ％ vs.0.39 ％,x2 =10.513,P =0.001).The risk factors of RA were:sex (female),living floor (first floor),smoking and genetic factors,risk were 2.595 (95％CI:1.407-4.784),2.967 (95％CI:1.749-6.307) 1.682 (95％ CI:1.206-4.039) and 1.934 (95 ％ CI:1.286-4.130).Conclusion The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis was 0.71％ in the middle-aged and elderly population in Luohe city.The risk factors involve women,smoking and hereditary factors

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a common digestive tract tumor with high-degree malignancy,high mortality,and difficulty in diagnosis and treatment.Currently,comprehensive therapy becomes the standard and trend of tumor treatment.The treatment of PC has been developed from operation to the comprehensive therapy,including a variety of therapeutic methods.The progress of comprehensive treatment in PC was reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the common pathogens of endophthalmitis and their drug sensitivity .Methods 184 patients with endophthalmitis were selected .The aqueous humor or vitreous body was taken to inoculate in broth ,blood agar and potato dex‐trose agar medium for conducting bacterial and fungal culture .The K‐B method was adopted to conduct the drug sensitivity test .Re‐sults Among 184 cases ,9 cases were the mixed infection and 193 strains of bacteria were co‐cultured .Among them ,gram‐positive bacteria infection was most common ,108 strains were detected ,accounting for 55 .96% ,followed by gram‐negative bacteria ,63 strains were detected ,accounting for 32 .64% ,the detected fungi were less (22 strains) ,accounting for 11 .40% .The cultured gram‐positive bacteria were most sensitive to cefoperazone and cefuroxime both with the sensitivity of 87 .96% ,at the same time ,levo‐floxacin and cefazolin showed good sensitivity ,with the sensitivity of over 75% ,while the sensitivity to lomefloxacin was low ,only 50 .00% .Gram‐negative bacteria had highest sensitivity to lomefloxacin ,reaching 100 .00% ,in addition the sensitivity to ciprofloxa‐cin and ofloxacin also reached 87 .30% and 88 .89% ,while the sensitivity to cefuroxime ,ceftazidime and cefazolin was lower ,which were only 38 .10% ,39 .68% and 44 .44% respectively .Conclusion The infection types of pathogens should be comprehensively considered according to the causes of endophthalmitis occurrence .The combined medication should be selected during the empiric medication process after suffering from endophthalmitis .

Small ubiquitin-like modifiers(SUMO) are ubiquitin-related proteins that can be covalently conjugated to cellular target proteins.Frequently,this modification has a key role in regulating the activities of those targets and,hence,their cellular functions.Researches show that some oncoproteins,tumor suppressors,DNA repair proteins and cyclins are target proteins of SUMO modification and the altered expression of some enzymes related to SUMO conjugation occurs in some neoplasm.It is indicated that sumoylation is important in tumor origination,development and metastasis.

It systematically summarized the composition and the changes of current medical service pricing item specification in Heilongjiang, summarized the characteristics of the specification, provided the basis for the successful transition between the current specification and the 2012 edition of The National Fee Schedule Version.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health issue,especially in the Asian-Pacific region.At present,entecavir,tenofovir,and pegylated interferon are the first-line antiviral drugs recommended by related guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B;however,different national/regional policies,economic level,coverage of health insurance,and medical level have caused the difference in antiviral regimens.Therefore,we have established a long-term follow-up cohort of hepatitis B to evaluate the efficacy of different treatment regimens,in order to improve the cure rate of hepatitis B and reduce the incidence rates of liver cirrhosis,liver cancer,and end-stage liver disease.Real-world data from cohort study help to understand the differences between guidelines and clinical practice,provide a reference for HBV guidelines,and balance clinical effect and cost-effectiveness.

Research advances in pharmaceutical preparations of chitosan were reviewed in this paper, including peroral macromolecular drugs delivery system, pH-sensitive drug release system, targeting drug delivery system, nano-drug carriers, and so on.