Nanobacteria (NB) is a kind of new bacteria with a diameter of 8 0~500 nm. It has specific mineralizing ability. As a active nidus it can attac h, invade and damage the renal epithelium of collecting ducts and papilla, and t hen form apatite which being the center to induce formation of kidney stones. I n the paper, the research progress on nanobateria contained in kidney stones and its role in kidney stones formation were summarized. The simulation in vitro a nd animal models of kidney stones formation induced by nanobateria were discusse d.

Adult ; Haploidy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Male ; Pulmonary Alveoli

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Agranulocytosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Vancomycin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the heart rate variability(HRV) in the elderly bedridden patients. Methods 91 hospitalized patients (age≥60 years ) were divided into three groups according to the function independent measure: independent group (32 cases), partial dependent group (31 cases), dependent group(28 cases). Eight items of HRV were measured, including 24 hour standard deviation of successive normal-to-normal R-R interval(SDNN), total power (TP),standard deviation of all means of 5-minutes R-R interval all over 24 hour(SDANN), low frequency (LF), root mean squared successive difference(MSSD),Edingburgh Index(PNN50), high frequency(HF)and ratio of LF to HF(LF/HF). Results Seven items of HRV of the dependent group and partial dependent group were significantly lower than those of independent group (P0.05). SDNN and FIM were positively correlated (r =0.853, P=0.017). Other factors such as pathogen and the number of concomitant diseases did not affect on HRV in the elderly bedridden patients. Conclusions The HRV in the elderly bedridden patientsdecreased , the changes relatedthe decrease of the activity.

Objective To study the individualized dose of warfarin in treating atrial fibrillation in elderly patients. Methods Forty-one elderly in-patients with atrial fibrillation were recruited.Warfarin was used tO start anti-coagulation therapy with the target INR value 1.6-2.5.The data of demographic variables,concomitant diseases,medications and laboratory values were collected,then correlated these factors with the maintenance dose of warfarin. Results Warfarin dose requirements were significantly associated with age(r=-0.535,P＜0.01),sex(r=-0.494,P＜0.01),height (r=0.484,P＜0.01),weight(r=0.453,P＜0.01),body surface area(r=0.388,P＜0.05),concomitant use of a sulfonylurea medication(r=-0.446,P＜0.01)and serum albumin level(r=0.520,P＜0.01).The multivariate regression model includedthe variables of age,sex,serum albumin level and concomitant use of a sulfonylurea medication.This algorithm explained 65.4%of the variance in the maintenance dose of warfarin(R=0.808,R2=65.4%). Conclusions The warfarin dose in treating atrial fibrillation in elderly patients can be estimated from demographic,clinical and laboratory factors that can be obtained at the time of warfarin initiation.

Objective This study was designed to determine the clinical pharmacokinetics ofcisatracurium in Chinese patients. The purpose of this study was twofold: the determination of ED50 and ED95 of cisatracurium and the intubating conditions and changes in BP and HR produced by 2×ED95 and 3 ×ED95 . Methods 100 patients scheduled for elective surgery, aged 30-65 years, served as the experimental subjects. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2mg/kg and fentanyl 4μg/kg. 5 min after BP and HR were stabilized the study was started. The study consisted of two parts according to the purpose of the study. In part Ⅰ 70 patients were included and randomized to 7 groups based on the doses of cisatracurium the patients received. The doses were 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 μg/kg from group Ⅰ to Ⅶ. Neuromuscular transmission was assessed by measuring the responses of adductor pollicis muscle to stimulation of ulnar nerve with TOF pulses.The maximal depression of Tt was measured after administration of cisrtracurium, and ED50 and ED95 were calculated. In part Ⅱ 30 patients were included and divided into two groups to receive 2×ED95 (group Ⅷ ) or 3×ED95 (group Ⅸ ) of cisatracurium. The intubating conditions were evaluated. The onset time and time of recovery from paralysis as well as the changes in BP and HR after administration of cisatracurium were recorded. ResultsED50 and ED95 for cisatracurium were 30.7μg/kg and 53.4μg/kg respectively. The onset times for 2×ED95 and 3×ED95 were (254±84)s and (190±59)s. The durations of action was (38.8±6.1)min and (53.28.8)min respectively. Recovery indexes were (16.4±4.9) min and (15.6±5.2) min. There were little changes in BP and HR after administration of cisatracurium in both group Ⅷ and Ⅸ. The intubating conditions were not significantly different. ConclusionsED50 and ED95 for cisatracurium are 30.7μg/kg and 53.4μg/kg in Chinese patients. The onset time is shorter and duration of action longer with 3×ED95 which does not significantly affect BP and HR.

Janus kinase 2,myeloproliferative leukemia virus and tet encogene family member2 mutations affect a variety of cytokines signal transduction pathway in BCR/ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). In the influence of mutation load,co-mutation and genetic susceptibility,these mutations can induce different MPN phenotypes,and affect the characteristics of patients,the distribution of peripheral blood cells and prognosis. But how these mutations contribute to disease initiation,development,and transformation needs further reseach.

Objective To study the molecular pathogenesis of non -syndromic deafness in a Chinese family . Methods Clinical materials and DNA sample were obtained from the non -syndromic family with autosomal reces‐sive deafness .The exons and the flanking splicing sites of GJB2 and SLC26A4 were tested in all family members by PCR and direct sequencing .Results There were four deafness patients in the family ,and three of them had the same clinical phenotypes ,including prelingual profound sensorineural hearing loss and enlarged vestibular ,while the re‐mained one only presented to be prelingual profound sensorineural hearing loss without malformation of temporal bone .One type of GJB2 mutation and 3 different types of SLC26A4 mutations were identified in the family .The proband(Ⅲ -1) ,her sister(Ⅲ -2) ,her mother(Ⅱ -4) and her father(Ⅱ -3) carried different biallelic mutations which were SLC26A4 c .919 -2A > G/p .H723R ,p .Q413R/c .919 -2A > G ,p .Q413R/p .H723R and GJB2 c . 235delC/c .235delC ,respectively .Conclusion Different from most reported deafness families with the same molecu‐lar etiology in each one ,interestingly ,the pathogenies were different among all affected members in this family . They were caused by different biallelic mutations of SLC26A4 or GJB2 .

Objective:To identify the function of the 5′-flank upstream regulation region of human CD226 gene.Methods:The upstream regulation region of CD226 was cloned by PCR and ligated into pGL3 vector. Then the vector was transfected into Jurkat cell and luciferase activity was detected after 48 h culture.Results:CD226 gene may have two promoters, P1 and P2,which were located at the region of -843--319 bp and +1-+181 bp respectively, and PMA can up-regulate P1 while down-regulate P2. Both P1 and P2 can be up-regulated by A23187, especially P2.Conclusion:CD226 gene may have two promoters, and PMA and A23187 can regulate CD226 promoter activity in the similar pattern of protein level.