Objective:To explore the corration of pathological classification of brainstem glioma with MRI imaging. Methods: The clinical data of 98 patients with BSG was retrospectively analyzed. of 98 patients, 66 cases were low level of brainstem gliomas, 32 cases were high level of brainstem gliomas. MRI images of different pathological grading of BSG were analyzed. Results:Glioma growth way was similar between the two groups and there was no statistical significance. But the proportion of basal artery circumvolutio, necrosis, growth across the midline of the high level group were significantly higher than the control group, there was a significant statistical significance (P<0.01). And the proportion of the cystic lesion in patients of low level group was obviously higher than that of high level group, with significant difference (P<0.01). of high level group patients with a ratio of tumor>2 cm in diameter was higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The improved forms of high level group were mainly wreath, wall nodules (P<0.01), and improved significantly stronger than the low level group (P<0.01). The main uniformity of high level group in show was characteristics with less uniformity (P<0.01). The MRI measuring minimum thickness was similar between the two groups and had no statistical significance. But MRI measuring thickness, the ratio and gap between maximum thickness and minimum thickness of high level group were bigger than the value of low level group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion:MRI imaging and MRI enhanced characteristics of brainstem glioma may predict and judge the malignant degree and pathological grading of brainstem glioma.

As a highly efficient protein degradation pathway,ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS) plays an important role in maintaining cell function.The role of UPS is becoming a new research focus in molecular mechanism of cognitive function.UPS mainly acts on neurotrans mitter and its receptor,synaptic reguIation,long-term potentiation of postsynaptic poteraiais and neuronal signal transduction,and it may become a new target for the intervention of cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To explore the clinical application value of whole-brain CTA-CTP imaging in cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM).Methods Fifteen patients diagnosed with cAVM by CTA-CTP imaging were included in this retrospective analysis study. The angioarchitecture of cAVM lesions were recorded from 4D-CTA images.Using DSA as the golden standard,the diagnostic accuracy of 4D-CTA was evaluated in 13 cases.The perfusion patterns of vessel nidus and peritumoral tissues were analyzed from the CTP images.Bleeding ratios of patients with different angioarchitecture and perfusion patterns were compared.Results 4D-CTA could dynamically display the angioarchitecture details of cAVM lesions and show the whole process of the contrast agent in and out of the vessel nidus.Although the result of 4D-CTA was consistent with that of DSA in most cases,a few fine feeding arteries and draining veins were missed.The nidus in thirteen cases was with high perfusion and the peritumoral tissues were with low perfusion.Another two cases were with low perfusion due to the presence of hematoma.Nine cAVMs suffered from small size,single feeding artery,deep venous drainage and vessel nidus with increased MTT,peritumoral tissues with decreased MTT were more likely to suffer a hemorrhage (P<0.05).Conclusion Whole-brain CTA-CTP imaging could be a valuable adjunct in noninvasive diagnosis of cAVM and predicting the bleeding risk factors.

Objective To develop a sensitive, safe and quick method for determination of ammonia in the air. Methods The air samples collected with multi-hole absorbing tubes were determined by ion chromatography after sampling. Results The recovery rates, precision (relative standard deviation) and detection limit were 97.6%-99.8%, 1.08%-2.93% and 0.05 ?g/ml,respectively. There was no significant difference between this method and chemical method. Conclusion The method is simple, quick, sensitive and suitable for determination of ammonia in the air.

Objective To review psychopathic individuals' moral judgments and the underlying neural mechanisms in order to provide cognitive basis and the corresponding intervention for their socially deviant behavior.Methods Literatures were searched in Academic Search Premier,Science Direct,Highwire,PubMed and Wanfang database by July 2015.Index strategy:AB [psychopathy OR psychopathic] AND AB [moral judgments OR moral reasoning].Forty-seven articles including six in Chinese were chosen based on their abstracts and key words.Results 33 papers were adopted finally including 2 in Chinese.Most of the papers involved representative empirical studies within five years.Conclusion Compared with non-psychopathic individuals,psychopathic individuals are inclined to consider moral transgressions as more acceptable and are more inclined to make utilitarian moral judgments.Their impairment in moral judgments is associated with dysfunction in specific brain regions such as amygdale,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,and ventromedial prefrontal cortex,and dysfunction in the basic brain system.Psychopathic individuals' moral judgment impairment needs to be examined within the frame of affect and their moral reasoning processes should be investigated in the future.

Hypoxia is a common characteristic in solid tumors. With the regulation of the transcription of multiple target genes, HIF-1αplays an important role in the energy metabolism, proliferation, and apoptosis of tumor cells. HIF-1αcontributes to the adapta-tion of tumor cells and tissue to hypoxia stress through these processes. It also promotes tumor angiogenesis and increases their inva-sive ability and the resistance to radio and chemotherapy. Cancer treatment targeting on HIF-1αis an important potential therapy.

AIM: To study the clinical curative effect of 2mm micro incision phacoemulsification combined with 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy for cataract and vitreoretinal diseases.METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 92 patients (99 eyes),including 49 male (53 eyes),43 female (46 eyes) with mean age was 57.1±1.9 years,in our hospital for cataract and vitreoretinal treatment of the disease from February 2013 to February 2016.All patients underwent 2mm micro incision phacoemulsification combined with 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy.Curative effect and complications were observed.RESULTS: Combined surgical procedures were carried out smoothly.posterior capsule rupture did not occurred.seven eyes were filled with BSS fluid,46 eyes with C3F8,49 eyes with intraocular lens at phase Ⅰ,21 eyes placed intraocular lens when silicone oil was removed.The visual acuity improved in 84 eyes (85%),unchaged in 15 eyes (15%).Postoperative complications included transient high intraocular pressure in 18 eyes (18%),anterior chamber reaction in 7 eyes (7%) and corneal edema in 8 eyes (8%).CONCLUSION: The 2mm micro incision phacoemulsification combined with 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy is a safe and effective surgical method with less injury,fewer complications.

Transplantation of engineering cartilage is a better choice for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions.Constructing engineering cartilage needs seeded cells and scaffold materials.The property of scaffold materials has a great influence on the biomechanical features of engineering cartilage.A variety of materials can be used for constructing engineering cartilaginous framework.Exploring the research development of scaffold materials and comparing the effects of their clinical applications is of great significance for further improvement of biomechanical characteristics of the engineering cartilage.

Objective To investigate the regulation mechanism of dendrobium nobile polysaccharides (DNP) for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats.Methods According to the digital random method,90 SD rats were divided into 6 groups:sham operation,model,DNP low-dose (DL,50 mg/kg),moderate-dose (DM,100 mg/kg) and high-dose (DH,200 mg/kg),and nimodipine (10 mg/kg) groups (n =15 in each group),and according to the random number method,selecting 5 in each group for the corresponding index detection.A focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in SD rats was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.The improvement effect of DNP on rat neurological deficit (Bederson behavioral score) and brain water content,and infarct volume were observed.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-β (IL-1 β) in brain tissue.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect microglial cell marker BCL-2-related protein A1 α (A1) and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA transcription levels.Western blot was used to detect the NF-κB signaling pathway phosphorylated IκBα protein and nuclear p65 protein expression levels.Single factor variance analysis was used to compare the measurement data among the groups.Results (1) There were significant differences in the neurological deficit score,brain water content,cerebral infarction volume,brain tissue TNF-α and IL-1β levels,A 1 and GFAP mRNA transcription levels and phosphorylated IκBα protein and nuclear p65 protein levels among the 6 groups (F =22.24,8.699,33.89,19.26,27.53,109.5,15.28,66.86,and 41.63,respectively (all P ＜ 0.01).(2) The neurological deficit score,cerebral water content,and cerebral infarction volume in the model group were 2.8 ± 0.3,86.1 ±3.8％,and 31.0 ±4.5％,respectively.The TNF-α and IL-1β levels,A1 and GFAP m RNA transcription levels in brain tissue,and phosphorylated IκBα protein and nuclear p65 protein levels were increased significantly compared with those in the sham operation group.There were significant differences (all P ＜0.01).(3)The above indices in the DH group were 1.5 ± 0.5,72.9 ±5.4％,and 17.5 ±4.1％,respectively.Compared with the model group (including TNF-α and IL-1 β levels,A1 and GFAP mRNA transcription levels and phosphorylation of IκBα protein and nuclear p65 protein levels in brain tissue).There were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the nimodipine group,there were no significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the sham operation group,except for there were no significant difference in brain water content,phosphorylated IκBα protein and nuclear p65 protein (P ＞0.05),there were significant differences in other indices (all P ＜ 0.05).(4) Compared with the model group,only IL-1 β and phosphorylated IκBα protein levels were decreased significantly in the DM group,there were no significant differences in other indices (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the sham operation group,there were significant differences in other indices (all P ＜ 0.05).(5) Compared with the model group,there were no significant differences in other indices in the DL group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the sham operation group,there were significant differences in all indices (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Highdose DNP may reduce focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.The mechanism of may be associated with the inhibition of activation of early NF-κB signaling pathway.The effects of low-and moderate-dose DNP on reducing inflammatory brain damage of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion may be not obvious.

Rho(Ras homologue) family play an import ant role in intracellular signal-transduction pathways. Not until recently have they been found to overexpress in many kinds of tumors such as testicular germ cell tumor,colorectal tumor,breast cancer,ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and prostate cancer and been linked to the tumorigenesis and metastasis. So the members of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases would be new marker s for tumor diagnosis、new markers for the prediction of metastatic potential an d new important prognostic factors. Moreover,they have the potential as therape utic targets for the prevention of cancer invasion and metastasis. In this artic le, we review the recent progress in this field.