Chromosome Aberrations ; Gene Fusion ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; metabolism ; Oncogenes ; Pathology ; standards ; trends ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

Actins ; metabolism ; Dermatofibrosarcoma ; classification ; pathology ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Xanthomatosis ; pathology

Lysosomes are acidic catabolic organelles,containing over 50 acid hydrolases and many lysosomal specific membrane proteins.Lysosomes are responsible for the disposal and recycling of worn out and damaged cellular macromolecules and organelles as well as the digestion of extracellular and foreign materials delivered to them by endocytosis,autophagy and phagocytosis.Increased expression and function of various lysosomal hydrolases are common in human tumors,and they often correlate with a higher risk of rccurrence and poor prognosis.Inhibition of lysosomal exocytosis can inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis.It does not affect the activity of acid hydrolytic enzymes,but causes the instability of lysosomal membrane and increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to drugs.

Devices and services are the most basic elements of assistive technology, and the professionals training and study are the drive for the development of high quality of assistive technology;social consciousness, policies and laws which focus on the independence and social participation of people with disabilities are key elements and necessary social backgrounds. Assistive technology products will have good markets only if people with disabilities can afford them and have an environment in which they can use them. The component ele-ments of assistive technology field will enhance each other only when assistive technology products can be widely used.

Although respiratory distress syndrome( RDS) ,one of the most common cause of respira-tory failure in the very or extremely preterm infant,has not been yet the major disorder of death with advances of respiratory support;In fact,RDS often complicated with BPD which developed with the maturation of de-pendence,the outcome of BPD and its development step into the focus of modern NICU. Powerful evidence-based consensus and suggestions have been stated in early respiratory support for very and extremely preterm infant:Early nasal CPAP( nCPAP) should be the best alternative to intubation for very or extremely preterm infant with high-risk of RDS and RDS; Early administration of Pulmonary surfactant ( PS ) with suitable methods( InSurE,Intubation Surfactant Extubation or LISA,Less invasive surfactant administration);Individ-ual threshould for nCPAP or other noninvasive ventilation failure should be established,but early PS adminis-tration and gentle ventilation will decrease the incidence of ventilator-induced injury on failuring noninvasive ventilation;Noninvasive ventilation with the use of caffeine will short the duration of ventilation and improve the success of weaning off. All the strategies in respiratory support to prevent BPD for very preterm infant still need more practice sustain improvement since multiple causes account for the development of BPD.

Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly population in Luohe District of Henan Province.Methods A total of 8 610 residents were recruited for a two-stage cluster sampling survey through a questionnaire of RA according to 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria.Physical examinations and blood tests were performed.Results The crude prevalence rate of rheumatoid arthritis was 0.76％ and 0.71％ for standardized prevalence in the middle-aged and elderly population in Luohe city.In the age distribution,of the 65-69 years old and 60-64 years old prevalence were 1.13％ and 0.84 ％,and 1.10 ％ and 0.77 ％ for standardized prevalence respectively.Sexual comparisons showed a significantly higher prevalence in females than in males (1.02 ％ vs.0.39 ％,x2 =10.513,P =0.001).The risk factors of RA were:sex (female),living floor (first floor),smoking and genetic factors,risk were 2.595 (95％CI:1.407-4.784),2.967 (95％CI:1.749-6.307) 1.682 (95％ CI:1.206-4.039) and 1.934 (95 ％ CI:1.286-4.130).Conclusion The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis was 0.71％ in the middle-aged and elderly population in Luohe city.The risk factors involve women,smoking and hereditary factors

Thyroid cancer is the malignant tumor with the most rapidly increasing incidence in recent years, the overwhelming majori-ty of which are derived from follicular cells. The most common tumor entity is differentiated thyroid cancer, which could be divided in-to papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer. The accurate pathological diagnosis of thyroid cancer is the cornerstone in the process of precision medicine which includes prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This review discusses the significance of accurate pathological diagnosis in the precision medicine of thyroid cancer based on the following four aspects:1) the risk evaluation of thyroid cancer, 2) preoperative accurate diagnosis of thyroid nodules, 3) the risk stratification of prognosis and recurrence, and 4) the guid-ance of molecular targeted therapy in advanced patients.

Objective:To construct a mifepristone(an oral nontoxic chemical)-indueible eukaryotic expression vector and to evaluate its regulatory effect in vitro using luciferase reporter gene.Methods:Vector pDC-RULUC,which contains firefly lucif- erase reporter gene,promoter and mifepristone-inducible system,was constructed by molecular biological methods.A 1.2 kb in sulator was inserted to reduce the interference between two transcription units.The vector was verified by PCR,restriction en- zyme digestion,and sequencing,pDC-RULUC was used to transfect SW620 cells using Lipofectamine2000.Cells transfected with pGL3-Control and pGL3-Basic were used as positive and negative controls,respectively.Cotransfectant with pRL-TK renilla lu- ciferase reporter vector was used as internal control.Cells of experimental group were incubated for 48 h in presence of different concentrations of mifepristone after transfection and were harvested for luciferase assay by using the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System.Half of the wells were replaced with fresh medium and were measured after another 48 h.Results:The recom- bined plasmid vector was identified by digestion with different enzyme restrictions,PCR and sequencing analysis.The relative activity increased with the increase of mifepristone concentration.When the concentration of mifepristone reached 1?10~(-6)mol/ L,the relative activity increased to approximately 50 folds of the original.No significant luciferase activity was detected when the mifepristone was removed.Conclusion:We have successfully established mifepristone-regulated eukaryotic expression vector, which can be used for controllable gene expression in vitro,providing a way for gene regulation and gene therapy.

Crystal HRP was applied to the cut ends of the left infraorbital nerve and branches of the facial nerve of 34 adult mice. Then the animals were killed and perfused, and HRP solution was applied to the cut ends of the root of the right facial nerve and the right maxillary nerve. Frozen sections of the brain stem and the trigerminal ganglia were made and reacted with BDHC, TMB or DAB method for light and electrom microscopic examination.Under light microscopy, the neurons labeled when alive in the left trigerminal ganglion and the nucleus of the left facial nerve showed that more cell bodise but less nerve fibers were labeled. The reaction products with all the 3 methods in thess cells were granular. The neurons labeled after death in the right trigerminal ganglion and the nucleus of the right facial nerve showed that more fibers but less cell bodies were labeled. The reaction products in these cells were also granular with BDHC and TMB methods but diffuse with DAB method.Under electron microscopy, there were electron-dense positive products in all the cells labeled either when alive or after death. In those cells labeled when alive, the products were found in the round or oval secondary lysosomes or multive-sicular bodies, while in those labeled after death, they were mostly found on one side of vacuoles without membrane boundary. In the fibers labeled after death, many large or small positive granules were found in the axons and many minute positive granules in the myelin lamellae especially on their inner surface in contact with the axons.

Objectives:To elucidate the changes on contents and molecular structures of chondroitin sulfate in aneurysmal wall of aortic dissection and disscuss its likely roles in the pathogenesis and progression of aortic dissection.Methods:After glycosaminoglycans in aortae being abstracted,chondroitin sulfate were separated and purified respectively through DEAE Sephacel by ion exchange chromatography and then identified by cellulose acetate electrophoresis.Chondroitin sulfate were hydrolyzed with chondroitinase ABC,and then its disaccharide compositions were analyzed by high performance capillary electrophoresis.Results:Compared with the control group, chondroitin sulfate increased significantly(P