Objective To investigate the prevalence of bladder hyperactivity in Huzhou city,Zhejiang prov-ince.Methods 1 872 patients aged over 50 years old male residents were selected as research subjects in Huzhou. To investigate the prevalence of bladder hyperactivity in the elderly male population in the local area.The correlation between age,IPSS score,body mass index,diabetes and the bladder was investigated.Results In 1 872 cases,the data were complete and in accordance with the requirements of this study were 1 863 cases.1 863 cases,505 patients with bladder hyperactivity,bladder disease prevalence was 27.1%.Bladder hyperactivity patients with IPSS score (17.9 ±8.1 )points,prostate volume (36.6 ±18.5 )mL,QOL score (3.6 ±1.1 )points,residual urine volume (26.9 ±3.5 )mL in the bladder,were higher than those with non bladder hyperactivity,IPSS score (3.2 ± 16.8)points,prostate volume (28.1 ±1.3)mL,QOL score (2.3 ±1.8)points,the differences were statistically sig-nificant (t =7.277,5.910,19.814,2.406,P <0.01 -0.05).Qmax(12.6 ±6.3)mL/s in the patients with bladder hyperactivity was significantly lower than Qmax(17.1 ±7.4)mL/s of non bladder hyperactivity,and the difference was statistically significant (t =3.577,P <0.01).With the increasing age of male population,the prevalence of blad-der diseases was increased.With the increase of IPSS score,the incidence rate of bladder excessive activity increased. Diabetes,higher body mass index,the incidence of bladder excessive activity was higher.Conclusion Men with blad-der hyperactivity disorder has higher prevalence in Huzhou city,Zhejiang province.Age,lower urinary tract symptoms, diabetes,obesity are the risk factors in the incidence of bladder disease.

The combination of Danggui and Honghua (GH) is a popular herb pair commonly used in clinic for the treatment of blood stasis syndrome in China. To evaluate the activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of the combination of different proportions of Danggui and Honghua on acute blood stasis rats, and optimize the proportion of GH to have the best activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effect. Acute blood stasis rat model was induced by subcutaneous injection of adrenaline and ice water bath. The blood stasis rats were administrated intragastrically with GH (1 : 0, 4 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 2, 1 : 1, 2 : 3, 1: 2, 1 : 4 and 0 : 1) extracts. The whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), and high shear whole blood relative index (HSWBRI), low shear whole blood relative index (LSWBRI), and erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI) were tested to observe the effects of GH on hemorheology of blood stasis rats. And the maximum aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was tested to observe the effect of GH on platelet aggregation index of blood stasis rats. In addition, the prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) were tested to observe the effects of GH on blood coagulation function of blood stasis rats. Then principal component analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were both used to comprehensively evaluate the total activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of GH. The results showed that the hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters of model group both had significant differences with normal group. Compared with model group, GH (1 : 0, 4 : 1, 2: 1, 3 : 2, 1 : 1, 2 : 3, 1 : 2, 1 : 4 and 0 : 1) could improve all the blood hemorheology indexes and regulate part indexes of blood coagulation function and platelet aggregation in acute blood stasis rats. Based on principal component analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods, GH 1 : 1 and GH 3 : 2 both had the best effect of blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis, and the effect of GH 1 : 1 was slightly better than GH 3 : 2. These results suggest that GH could obviously ameliorate the abnormality of hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats. The optimized proportion of GH was consistent with regulations of medicine usage that GH 1 : 1 had the highest frequency used in traditional Chinese formulae. It could provide scientific basis for more effective application of the compatibility between Danggui and Honghua in modern clinic medicine.
Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Viscosity ; Carthamus tinctorius ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythrocyte Aggregation ; Hemorheology ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Platelet Aggregation ; Principal Component Analysis ; Prothrombin Time ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thrombin Time

Oxidative stress can induce significant cell death by apoptosis. We explore whether prior exposure to H2O2 (H2O2 preconditioning) protects PC12 cells against the apoptotic consequences of subsequent oxidative damages and what role the ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels play in the preconditioning protection. PC12 cells were preconditioned with 90 min exposure to H2O2 at 10 micromol/L, followed by 24-h recovery and subsequent exposures to different concentrations (20, 30, 50 and 100 micromol/L) of H2O2 for 24 h respectively. We used PI staining flow cytometry (FCM) to observe the apoptosis of PC12 cells. It was shown that 24-h exposures to H2O2 at 20, 30, 50 and 100 micromol/L respectively induced substantial cell apoptosis, which was greatly prevented in the preconditioning cells, indicating that H2O2 preconditioning protected PC12 cells against apoptosis induced by H2O2. Administration of pinacidil (10 micromol/L), an K(ATP) channel activator, significantly attenuated the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by H2O2 at 30 and 50 micromol/L for 24 h respectively. Glybenclamide (10 micromol/L), a K(ATP) channel inhibitor, significantly suppressed or abolished the protective effects caused by the pinacidil but not by H2O2 preconditioning. However, when both H2O2 preconditioning and pinacidil were co-applied, their protection against the apoptosis of PC12 cells was much stronger than that of the individual one of them. These results suggest that H2O2 preconditioning protects PC12 cells against apoptosis and that the activation of K(ATP) channels is not involved in, but synergetically enhances adaptive protection of H2O2 preconditioning.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Oxidants ; pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress ; PC12 Cells ; Potassium Channels ; metabolism ; Rats

Along with progress of modern science and technology, human is utilizing natural resources and their inherent law more effectively and more efficiently according to their own purposes. Chinese medicine pair (CMP) is relatively fixed combination of two TCMs which was proven to be effective in clinical application. CMP has its inner specification, and it is an intermediate point between single herb and many TCM formulae. With the aid of modern science and technology, and by means of choosing appropriate strategies and approaches, the compatibility rules of CMP might be revealed, which will be significant to develop the compatibility theory of TCM formulae and create modern TCM new drugs.
Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Research Design ; Systems Biology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the methods of lesion localization and surgical treatment for non-palpable breast cancer, presented with only small calcification lesion on the images.

METHODSFrom November 2003 to August 2007, 61 patients with non-palpable lesion were finally pathologically diagnosed as early breast cancer (T1-2N0M0), based on the small calcification lesions shown by full field digital mammography (FFDM) through molybdenum target, and the rich blood supply shown by type-B ultrasonic examination. Accurate lesion-localization prior to surgical resection was conducted, and sample re-examination by FFDM was done after resection. Patients with single lesion underwent breast-conserving surgery, precise excision with the aid of image-guided wire localization, and stage I breast reconstruction was performed simultaneously using wide-based gland-tissue flap. Patients with multiple lesions received modified radical mastectomy.

RESULTSAmong the 50 patients treated with breast-conserving surgery, the accuracy of localization for lesions was 100% (50/50), and all lesions were excised completely with a negative margin proven by FFDM re-examination and pathological examination. The superior rate of mammaplasty was 86.0% (43/50) according to JCRT criteria, with a compliance difference of 1.5 cm. Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 11 patients. The follow-up period in this series was from 6 to 58 months with a mean follow-up time of 39 months. Distant metastases were detected in only one patient and local recurrence was not observed yet.

CONCLUSIONLesion localization by FFDM in patients with non-palpable breast cancer is accurate and practical. In patients with single lesion, breast-conserving resection followed by synchronous stage I breast reconstruction with wide-based gland-tissue flap is appropriate.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Mammography ; methods ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Palpation

OBJECTIVE: To explore the forensic pathological features of death caused by anaphylactic shock. METHODS: One hundred and forty-two death cases of anaphylactic shock were retrospectively analyzed. The IgE level in the serum of anaphylactic shock cases were statistically compared with that of 62 non-anaphylactic shock cases. RESULTS: Most cases (77.46%) of anaphylactic shock death occurred in the medical institutes, with intravenous drug administration accounting for 53.53% of anaphylactic shock death. β-Lactam antibiotics, glucocorticoid and herbal medications were responsible for a significant proportion of such cases. Although characteristic histopathological changes were absent in vast majority of these anaphylactic shock cases, the differences of IgE levels in the serum between anaphylactic shock group and non-anaphylactic shock group were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Combined information including clinical data, autopsy results, IgE level, and other specific test results should be evaluated together in the forensic pathological diagnosis of anaphylactic shock.
Anaphylaxis ; Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Retrospective Studies ; Serum

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the clinical significance of flow cytometry (FCM) to detect the cytomegalovirus (CMV) PP65 antigen in patients with CMV infection.

METHODSSamples from 35 patients without CMV infection were used as negative control. The definite diagnosis of CMV infection was based on the national criteria for CMV infection. All 136 patients with CMV infection were examined with the FCM to detect CMV PP65 antigen, real-time fluorescence quantitative-polymerase chain reaction assay (RFQ-PCR) to detect CMV-DNA and ELISA to measure the serum level of IgM antibody against CMV. The results of these 3 assays in 2 groups (isolated organ involvement and disseminated diseases) were compared and the significance of PP65 antigenemia was evaluated. A short-term follow-up was undertaken in 18 patients.

RESULTSThe percentages of PP65 positivity in blood mononuclear cells (MNC) and polymorphic nuclear leukocyte (PMNL) from 35 negative control patients were 0.21% +/- 0.09% with a range of 0 - 0.41% and 0.24% +/- 0.10% with a range of 0.12% - 0.48%, respectively, which were not significantly different (t = 0.425, P > 0.05). The 95(th) percentiles (P(95)) of PP65 in MNC and PMNL were 0.39% and 0.45%, respectively, so a cutoff value of >/= 0.50% was set. Of the 136 patients with CMV infection, 118 samples from 118 patients were positive for PP65 antigenemia with a positive rate of 86.8%, which was not statistically different from that (90.4%, chi(2) = 0.91, P > 0.05) of CMV-DNA detected by RFQ-PCR assay but it was significantly higher than that (45.6%, chi(2) = 51.50, P < 0.005) of the detection by IgM measurement. PP65 detection was correlated with urine CMV DNA amplification (chi(2) = 63.78, P < 0.01) while the different detection rates between the two assays were not statistically significant (chi(m)(2) = 1.78,P > 0.05). PP65 detection was not correlated with serum IgM measurement while the detection rates between the two were significantly different (chi(m)(2) = 52.92,P < 0.01). No significant difference was found between the detection rates of CMV infection in MNC (45/53, 84.9%) and PMNL (43/53, 81.1%) (chi(m)(2) = 0.25, P > 0.05). Higher PP65 antigenemia level was correlated with systemic CMV infection, while lower level of PP65 was either in the patients with isolated organ involvement by CMV (chi(2) = 38.51, P < 0.005) or less severe in patient's situation. PP65 antigenemia of CMV infection returned to lower level or negative in recovery stage and increased when condition of patients deteriorated.

CONCLUSIONSPP65 antigenemia detection by FCM is effective in the diagnosis of the active CMV infection. Quantitative monitoring of PP65 antigenemia is useful in the evaluation of patients with CMV infection.

Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; Cytomegalovirus ; immunology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; diagnosis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

The combination of Angelicae sinensis Radix (Danggui, DG) and Astragali Radix (Huangqi, HQ) is a popular herb pair commonly used in clinic for the treatment of blood deficiency syndrome in China. The aim of this paper is to study the interaction of DG and HQ nourishing and tonifying blood effects by response surface method. The blood deficiency mice were induced by injecting N-acetylphenylhydrazine (sc) and cyclophosphamide (ip). The blood deficiency mice were administrated intragastrically with DG-HQ extracts (0:1, 1: 5, 2:5, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 5:2, 5:1, 1:0). The changes of the peripheral blood indexes and organ indexes were observed. The indexes were integrated by comprehensive index method; the interactions of DG and HQ were analyzed by the response surface diagram established with Matlab software. The results showed that DG and HQ at most of their combination ratios had synergic effect. Within the range of 1:5 - 5:1, all of the extracts of DG-HQ showed synergic effect, and among which, high-doses had better effects than low-doses. The highest value (-1) of the synergic effect was showed when DG was 10 - 40 g at the same time of HQ as 90 -180 g, and DG was 50 - 100 g at the same time of HQ as 20 - 100 g. DG-HQ at all combination dosages within Chinese Pharmacopeia (DG: 6 - 12 g, HQ: 9 - 30 g) had certain synergic effect, and Danggui Buxue Decoction (DG: 6 g, HQ: 30 g) also was at this range. The results provided scientific basis to the clinical application of DG and HQ. And the response surface method was firstly applied to quantitatively evaluate the bio-activity change of herb combination, which provided a novel way for modern basic research on the interaction of herbs.
Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Blood Cell Count ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation

The metabolic effect of Fo-Shou-San on blood deficiency mice was studied by using metabolomic method. UPLC-QTOF/MS was used to analyze the plasma metabolome in blood deficiency mice. MS data were processed by MarkerLynx software. With multivariate statistical analysis of plasma metabolite profiles, a clear separation among control, blood deficiency model, and Fo-Shou-San groups was achieved. Potential biomarkers were selected according to the parameters of variable importance in the projection (VIP) and identified according to MS information and database retrieval. The metabolic network of blood deficiency was predicted via MetPA database. Twenty-two potential biomarkers were identified and used to explain the thiamine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, histidine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism and citrate cycle (TCA cycle). Those metabolic pathways were disturbed in blood deficiency mice, but which could be regulated nearly to normal state after Fo-Shou-San administration. In this study, the metabolomics of blood deficiency mice and the action mechanism of nourishing blood effect of Fo-Shou-San were evaluated. The physiological and metabolic state of the organism could be represented comprehensively by using metabolomics. And metabolomics can be used to evaluate the pharmacodynamics and related mechanisms of Chinese medicine and formulae.
Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; metabolism ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; blood ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; drug effects ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Plasma ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Sphingolipids ; metabolism ; Thiamine ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the pharmacodynamic interaction of nourishing and tonifying blood effects of the herb pair consisting of Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong by response surface method.

METHODSThe blood deficiency rat model was induced by injecting N-acetylphenylhydrazine and cyclophosphamide. The effects of Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong in different proportions (0:1, 1:5, 2:5, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 5:2, 5:1, and 1:0) and at different concentrations on the peripheral blood index and the organ indices were observed. Then all indices were integrated to the total nourishing effect value by comprehensive index method. The interaction was analyzed by response surface method. The model parameters were estimated with nonlinear regression. The three-dimensional response surfaces were constructed with Matlab Software.

RESULTSIn the response surface, most compatibility of Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong showed synergistic action, some showed addition action, and few of them showed obvious antagonist action. The proportion of Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong from 4:1 to 2:1 and the dose of Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong from low to high showed addition action, while the other proportions showed obvious addition action at low dose and synergistic action at high dose.

CONCLUSIONSThe research results could provide scientific evidence for reasonable application of Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong in clinics of Chinese medicine. The quantitative analysis on drug interactions of herbal compatibility by response surface method could provide reference for relative studies.

Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR