Objective To explore the rehabilitation for amputation and paraplegia. Methods A case with both lower limbs and left arm amputation complicated with L1 complete spinal cord injury was reported. Results Her participation improved after rehabilitation. Conclusion It is important to improve the participation under the limit of activity.

Objective To explore the relationship between family environmental and psychological status of mothers of children with mental retardation (MR). Methods 263 urban mothers whose children aged 7～12 years were surveyed with Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), the Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV).and Questionnaire for demography.(Designed by author). The same number control group were selected from primary schools and 1:1 matched to observed group by chiliren's characteristics (age, gender),maternal characteristics (marriage, educated level, age) and family economic condition. Results SCL-90 factors scores except photic anxiety factor of observed group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01), and the somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, photic anxiety and psychoticism scores all were significantly higher than norm statistically (P<0.01). 8 factors of FES-CV scores of family of children with MR were lower than that of control group, which were cohesion, expressiveness, achievement orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreational orientation, moral-religious emphasis, organization, control, but conflict score was higher than control (P<0.05). The SCL-90 factors of mothers of MR children were correlated with cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, active-recreational orientation, organization of FES-CV and partially correlated with intellectual-cultural orientation. Conclusion The psychological problems of MR children's mother are getting more outstanding and correlated with their family environment. The family support systems of MR children maybe poor.

Objective To compare the clinical value of ultrasound and X-ray guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL) for treat-ment of kidney calculi. Methods We searched relevant clinical controlled articles in PubMed,EMBASE/Cochrane library and CNKI data-base. The outcome indicators included stone clearance rate, complication rate,puncture time,blood loss,and hospital days. All data were ana-lyzed by Revman 5. 0 software. Results There were 9 articles involved in 1693 patients. The results suggested that there was no significant difference in stone clearance rate between ultrasound group and X-ray group[OR=1. 11,95%CI(0. 83,1. 49),P=0. 47]. However,the complication [OR=0. 43,95%CI (0. 27,0. 69),P=0. 0004],time to puncture[WMD= -4. 54,95%CI( -0. 45,-8. 62),P=0. 03], blood loss[WMD= -22. 77,95%CI( -36. 57,-8. 97),P=0. 001],and hospital days[WMD= -0. 16,95%CI( -0. 28,-0. 03),P=0. 02] were better in ultrasound group than those in X-ray group. Conclusion Ultrasound and X-ray guided PCNL had an equal stone clear-ance rate,but it seemed that ultrasound was better than X-ray in time to puncture and hospital days after operation. However,the results of this meta-analysis should be treated carefully because of limitation of data and heterogeneity.

BACKGROUND: Ureteral stents have been extensively applied In the stenosis In the conjunction of the renal pelvis and ureter, the reconstruction of in situ urine flow, ureter or nephroscope lithotripsy, renal transplant, and tumors. However, the long-term retention of ureteral stents can induce catheter-associated urinary tract Infection complications. OBJECTIVE: To Investigate the morphological characteristics of bacterial blofilm on ureteral stent, and to analyze the features of pathogenic distribution and antimicrobial drug resistance to bacterial biofilm. METHODS: Specimens of ureteral stent were collected from 127 patients at Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University between January and December 2016. The morphological characteristics of bacterial blofilm on the stent were observed under scanning electron microscope. Each specimen was divided Into three parts (renal pelvis, ureter and bladder) for screening biofilm-forming bacteria strains separately by Congo red medium. The urine was bacterially cultured. Drug susceptibility test was done with the collected biofilm-forming bacteria strains. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University (approval No. 201422). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Bacterial blofilm was observed on the surface of ureteral stents at 7,15 and 30 days of retention, with various numbers of inflammatory attachments or crystals. Bacteria on the bacterial biofilm were embraced by large amounts of fiber membranes. Patchy bacterial colonies were observed on the surface of the ureteral stent at 7 and 15 days of retention, which mainly focused on bacillus. Heap-shaped bacterial colonies were found on the surface of ureteral stents that were retained for 30 days, which mainly were bacillus and coccus. (2) A total of 106 bacterial blofilms were detected in the ureteral stent samples obtained from 127 patients. The positive rate was 83.5%, in which the bladder section had the highest positive rate, followed by the renal pelvis section and ureter section. There were 25 copies of positive urine culture, and the positive rate was 19.7%. The strains obtained from the bacterial biofilm on each section of the ureteral stents were significantly higher than that from the urine bacteria culture (P < 0.05). (3) A total of 227 strains were detected from 106 positive samples. Among these samples, the number of Gram-negative strains was significantly higher than that of Gram-positive strains (P < 0.05). Among culture bacteria of the bacterial biofilm on the ureteral stent and urine culture bacteria, colibacillus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium were the most common. (4) The biofilm-forming bacteria on the ureteral stent had a high drug resistance. (5) In summary, bacterial blofilm may be the important reason for catheter-associated urinary tract infection.

Objective To investigate the occupational stress and mental health of the staffs of disabled care agency, and the main factors related. Methods The staffs were investigated with Work Stress Scale, Coping Style Questionnaire, and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). Results The work stress was hard in the subjects with poor mental health condition. Their cope style was mainly positive and mature. Gender,levels of education, jobs, and coping styles related with the work stress, while the work stress and coping style related with the mental health. Conclusion The staffs in disabled care agency experience work stress and erious mental problems, which need to be solved.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of twice irradiating with focused ultrasound on recurrent and metastasized U14 cervical cancer implanted in the legs of mice. Methods Seventy-two mice with U14 cervical cancer cells implanted in their legs were divided into three groups randomly,with 24 rats in each group.One group received a single dose of focused ultrasound,while mice in the second group were irradiated twice and surgery resection was administered to the third group 7 or 8 days after the tumor was implanted.After 23 days post implantation of the tumor,local tumor recurrence and metastasis to the lungs and lymph nodes were evaluated. Results The inhibition rate after double irradiation was 61.70％ for local recurrence and 68.18％ for metastasis,significantly higher than in the other two groups. Conclusions Both single and double irradiation with focused ultrasound are effective for inhibiting local recurrence and metastasis,but double irradiation is more effective.

Volatility can influence the lifetime of particles in the atmosphere, and provide useful information on the formation of secondary aerosol. The previous studies generally utilized thermodenuder ( TD ) to investigate the volatility behavior of particles. Using TD, semivolatile species are vaporized at different temperature, and the vaporized gas is adsorpted by activated charcoal. However, carbon might be emitted from activated charcoal under high temperature or activated charcoal ageing. In this study, a new method was developed for the measurement of particle volatility by coupling a thermodiluter system to an online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer ( SPAMS) . Aerosol particles were passed into two different channels, and then analyzed by SPAMS. Through Channel 1, aerosol particles were heated to different temperature by heating tube, then non-volatile particles and volatile gas entered into the diluter. After diluting and cooling by diluent air, the non-volatile particles were analyzed by SPAMS. Through Channel 2, aerosol particles were analyzed directly by SPAMS without the heating process. Particle volatility was obtained by comparing the information ( particle size, particle number and mass spectrum ) of particles through Channels 1 and 2. Laboratory tests showed that the diluter could avoid the re-condensation of volatiles to the particles. This developed method was applied in the real time measurement of individual particle volatility in the spring of Guangzhou. The results showed that these particles were primarily comprised of highly volatile and moderate volatile species.

With the development of precision medicine for lung cancer, targeted therapy has greatly improved the survival and prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the occurrence of acquired drug resistance ultimately leads to patients with no targeted drugs available and no standard treatment options for this group of patients afterwards. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced NSCLC. However, due to the unique features of NSCLC with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, such as immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), single ICIs treatment has limited clinical benefits in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation, and the combination of ICIs with chemotherapy and/or targeted therapies is the trend. This review further discusses potential subpopulations with EGFR mutations that may benefit from ICIs treatment, and analyzes how decisions can be made in the era of combined immunotherapy to maximize the efficacy of ICIs treatment in EGFR mutation targeted therapy for NSCLC patients with drug resistance, with the aim of achieving individualized treatment.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Mutation ; ErbB Receptors/genetics* ; Tumor Microenvironment