Objective To study the phosphorylation mode of extracellular regulated kinase( ERK)induced by acute and chronic morphine treatment on Chinese hamster ovary( CHO)cells expressed withμopioid receptors. Methods The time course of ERK phosphorylation 1 h and 36 h after morphine exposure as well as naloxone-precipitated withdrawal was detected by immunobloting. Results A transient enhancement of ERK phosphorylation was induced by 1 μmol · L-1 morphine with the peak effect at 5 min(P〈0. 01),and the effect was dose-dependent. No difference in ERK phosphorylation was found after 36h of treatment with 10 μmol · L-1 morphine compared with the control. However,5 or 10 min-naloxone precipitation induced remarkable decrease in ERK phosphorylation compared with the control(P〈0. 01). Conclusion Different changes of ERK phosphorylation were found under acute and chronic morphine treatment and naloxone precipitation,indicating a compensation of ERK related pathway induced byμ opioid receptors.

OBJECTIVE:To study the in vitro percutaneous absorption of neostigmine cream.METHODS:Using isolated mouse skin as permeation barrier,the influence of different concentrations of azone on percutaneous permeation of neostigmine was studied.RESULTS:Azone could obviously enhance the percutaneous permeation of neostigmine,and the accumulative permeation quantity of neostigmine cream containing2%and5%azone increased7.17%and11.87%respectively compared with that of cream without azone.CONCLUSION:The percutaneous permeability of neostigmine cream is satisfactory and the best concentration of azone in enhancing permeation seems to be5%.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determination of the concentration of Buspirone in serum.MET_ HODS:The chromatographic system consisted of ZORBA SB-C 18 column and mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-water-0.1mol/L NaAC buffer solution(pH4.5)(10∶38∶51∶1),with a detection wavelength of237nm,and the content was calcu?lated by peak area internal standard method.RESULTS:The linear range of Buspirone was1～80ng/ml,r=0.9979.CONCL_ USION:This method is simple and accurate for determination of Buspirone in serum.

Aim To analyze the expression of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein(PEBP) and ERK in critical brain regions of psychological dependence rats.Methods Morphine-induced rats conditioned place preference(CPP) model was established to mimic different stages of morphine psychological dependence, during which PEBP expression and ERK activity were assayed in different brain regions.Results PEBP expression in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, striatum and nucleus accumbens showed no change at three stages of psychological dependence.However, ERK activity increased notably in prefrontal cortex on CPP formation, and decreased remarkably in hippocampus on CPP reinstatement.Conclusions The formation and retrieval of associated memory between morphine effects and environment involve different neural circuits, in which ERK activity is critical, and PEBP might not be involved in such a memory-related ERK regulation.

Background and Purpose:In recent years,along with marked rise in the incidence of lung cancer,the incidence of brain metastasis from lung cancer has increased year by year.The main treatment strategy of lung cancer with brain metastasis is irradiation,while so far there are only few researches concerning chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy for these patients.The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect,survival rate and toxicity of chemotherapy with VM_(26)+DDP regimen given concurrently with whole-brain radiotherapy in lung cancer with brain metastasis.Methods:From Sep.2000 to Oct.2001,forty-one patients with lung cancer with brain metastasis were divided randomly into two groups: 20 patients(14 male,6 female) received concurrent chemoradiotherapy(chemoradiotherapy group),the other 21 patients(14 male,7 female) received only radiotherapy(radiotherapy group).In the chemoradiotherapy group,the average age was 50 years with range 40 to 70 years,16 patients were non-small-cell lung cancer,4 patients were small-cell lung cancer.In the radiotherapy group,the average age was 52 years with range 40 to 73 years and 19 patients were non-small-cell lung cancer,2 patients were small-cell lung cancer.For both groups,the same radiation technique was given with conventional fraction.Radiotherapy was delivered by 6MV.Fractionations of 3Gy/fraction/day was delivered 10Gy/5 factions/week.The total dose was 30Gy/10Fr/2W.For chemoradiotherapy group,the patients were also given concurrent chemotherapy(VM_(26) 60mg/m~(2)/ day iv on days 1-3,cisplatin 60 mg/m~(2) iv on the 1~(st)day).Results:The response rate and complete response in the chemoradiotherapy group was significantly higher than that in the radiotherapy group(75% ?? 38.10%,P

OBJECTIVE:To study the in vitro percutaneous permeability of galanthamine cream.METHODS:Using iso?lated mouse's skin as barrier to permeation,the promoting effect of azone in different concentrations on permeation of galanth_ amine was studied.RESULTS:Azone could obviously enhence the permeability of galanthamine through skin.The steady flux of galanthamine cream containing2%and5%azone increased56.12%and23.29%respectively.CONCLUSION:Galanthamine cream has good percutaneous permeability and2%azone promotes the permeability best.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the preventive and therapeutic effect of Keshu on acute alcoholism mice.METHODS:Acute alcoholism mice model was established,and randomly divided mice into model group and high,middle,low dosage of Keshu group;the tolerance time,lasting time and the concentration of alcohol in blood were compared among each group.RE-SULTS:Compared with the model group,the tolerance time has been prolonged,the lasting time has been shortened and the blood concentration of alcohol has been lowered in Keshu group.CONCLUSION:Keshu has an obvious preventive and thera-peutic effect on acute alcoholism,the preventive effect of which outweighs the therapeutic effect.

OBJECTIVE: To study in vitro percutaneous permeability of methylphenidate cream. METHODS: Isolated rat skin was taken as permeable barrier. The influence of different concentrations of azone(0%, 2%. 5% ) in methylphenidate cream on drug permeation was observed. RESULTS: Steady-state percutaneous flow(J ) of methylphenidate cream with 2% and 5% azone increased 27. 80% and 49. 05%. respectively. CONCLUSION: Methylphenidate cream will be a safe. effective and conve- nient new preparation.

Objective:To describe the incidence, diagnosis rate, treatment rate and treatment pattern of hyperkalemia, and serum potassium retesting rate among hyperkalemia patients in the emergency department.Methods:Data were derived from Military Data Center for Rational Use of Drugs. Patients who accessed emergency medical services (≥18 years old) with record(s) of serum potassium between 2015 and 2017 were included. The data of laboratory test, diagnosis, and treatment were analyzed. The main outcomes included the incidence of hyperkalemia, the diagnosis rate, the treatment rate, treatment pattern and the 7-day retesting rate.Results:A total of 1 039 245 patients who met the above criteria were included, of whom, 36 615 (3.52%) had at least one hyperkalemia event. Among the emergency patients with chronic kidney disease, heart failure, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, the proportions of patients who experienced hyperkalemia were 47.69%, 29.13%, 21.69% and 10.16%, respectively. The diagnosis rate of emergency hyperkalemia patients was 9.23%. The overall hyperkalemia treatment rate was 42.1%. Insulin + glucose injection was the most commonly used therapy for emergency hyperkalemia patients. The overall serum potassium retesting rate within 7 days was 28.8%.Conclusions:Hyperkaliemia is more common and more severe in patients with chronic kidney disease, heart failure, diabetes and hypertension. The diagnosis rate and retesting rate of hyperkalemia are low, suggesting that the identification and management of hyperkaliemia in emergency patients should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the presence, biological features, and clinical significance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in breast cancer patients.Methods Eighty-four cases of breast cancer, 37 cases of benign breast tumor and 21 cases of healthy individuals were included in this study. Samples of peripheral blood (2ml ) were collected, and in the breast cancer patients, blood samples were taken both before and after treatment.Flow cytometry using anti-CD11b, CD33, CD14 and HLA-DR antibody was conducted to identify the unique membrane markers of MDSCs, and statistical analysis was performed to explore the relationship between MDSCs and clinical factors.Cell isolation and in vitro assay were used to test T cell function.Res ult s CD11b+CD33+CD14-MDSCs were present in the blood of breast cancer patients, and these MDSCs were histologically of mononuclear cells.Cell proliferation assay confirmed that MDSCs inhibited proliferation of homologous T cells in vitro.MDSCs levels in patients with breast cancer, benign disease and the health control were (15.93±3.17)%, (8.92±4.42)% and (5.02±2.75)%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001) between breast cancer patients and the other subjects (patients with benign lesions and healthy controls).The expression level of MDSCs in patients with breast cancer was associated with surgical treatment, but not with age, disease stage, lymph node metastasis, ER or PR expression.MDSCs levels were significantly lower in post-operative patients[(7.83± 3.78) %] than the (15.37±2.49) % in patients before surgery (P<0.001).Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that MDSCs are present in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients and the level of MDSCs is associated with surgical treatment.Our findings suggest that CD11b+CD33+CD14- MDSCs are likely involved in breast cancer initiation and development, and may become a novel biomarker to facilitate diagnosis and to predict clinical outcomes of breast cancer.