Objective:To summarize the differences and similarities in the detection methods for residual solvents between Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics 2015 edition and Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition so as to provide reference for the improve-ment of the detection methods for residual solvents in Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics. Methods:The type and limitations of residual solvents and the characteristics of the test methods for residual solvents between Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics 2015 edition and Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition were compared and analyzed. Results: The detection methods for residual sol-vents in Chinese Pharmacopoeia were more detailed. The detection methods for residual solvents in Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics were general detection method, and the process could be applied in the detection of more solvents. Some detection methods were short of limitations. Conclusion:The control of residual solvents in cosmetics should be improved if the limitations table of the limiting used solvents is introduced into Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics referring to Chinese Pharmacopoeia and increase the types of residual solvents detected by the general methods.

Objective:In order to look for a good method for preparation of hemorrhagin antiserum. Methods: Three kinds of hemorrhagins including AaH Ⅰ, AaH Ⅱ, and AaH Ⅳ were purified from Agkistrodon acutus venom according to predecessors's methods and crude AaH Ⅰ, AaH Ⅱ and AaH Ⅳ were obtained. Preparation electrophoresis was used to purify AaH Ⅰ,AaH Ⅱand AaH Ⅳ further. As for an hemorrhagin, six different dyeing methods were used to dye PAGE gel and the gel contained hemorrhagin was obtained respectively. The ground gel contained hemorrhagin was used to immune mice and its antiserum was obtained. Antiserums quality was tested through ELISA test and neutralization of the hemorrhagic activities of corresponding hemorrhagin. Results:Effective IgG concentration in different antiserum was different and effective IgG made through non toxic type protein fast stain reagent kit was higher than others. Conclusion:Non toxic type protein fast stain reagent kit is the best dyeing method among the six dyeing methods.

Objective:To evaluate the measurement uncertainty in the determination of dexamethasone in cosmetics by ultra per-formance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods: The uncertainty caused by various factors in the whole determination process was analyzed,including weighing,standard solution preparation,calibration fitting,extraction and de-termination. Results:The combined uncertainty in the determination of dexamethasone in cosmetics was 0.75 μg·g-1and the ex-panded uncertainty was 1.5 μg·g-1. The content of dexamethasone in cosmetics was(20.4 ± 1.5) μg·g-1(k=2,confidence inter-val p=95%). Conclusion:The uncertainty of the method is mainly caused by standard solution preparation and calibration fitting.

Objective:Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is the second most common retinal vascular disease worldwide,and the retinal perfusion status is closely related to the prognosis of the disease.Macular perfusion status is particularly correlated with visual acuity.This study aims to investigate the changes in macular perfusion indicators in RVO using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and analyze the correlation between macular perfusion status and visual acuity. Methods:This cross-sectional study included 41 RVO patients,who were divided into 2 groups based on the occlusion site:18 cases in the central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)group and 23 cases in the branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)group.Additionally,they were categorized into ischemic RVO(23 cases)and non-ischemic RVO(16 cases)groups based on the presence of ischemia(2 eyes were excluded due to hemorrhage obscuring the peripheral retina,making it impossible to confirm the area of non-perfusion).A control group of 29 healthy individuals matched by sex and age was also recruited.Macular perfusion indicators were measured using OCTA,and the correlation between macular perfusion status and visual acuity was analyzed. Results:Compared with healthy eyes,RVO eyes showed an increased foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area and significantly reduced superficial and deep vessel density(P＜0.001).However,there were no significant differences in central foveal thickness(CFT)or macular perfusion indicators between the CRVO and BRVO groups(P＞0.05).The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR BCVA)was significantly negatively correlated with both superficial and deep retinal vessel density in RVO eyes(unstandardized coefficient B=-0.039,B=-0.042;P=0.017,P=0.040).The average BCVA in the ischemic RVO group was significantly worse than that in the non-ischemic RVO group(0.82±0.44 vs 0.45±0.29,P=0.007).The ischemic RVO group also had a larger FAZ area(P=0.003)and lower superficial and deep retinal vessel density(P＜0.001,P=0.008,respectively)compared with the non-ischemic RVO group.The severity of macular ischemia did not correspond directly with the peripheral ischemia severity in RVO. Conclusion:Macular perfusion status is significantly reduced in RVO eyes compared to healthy eyes,which negatively impacts and limits visual acuity in RVO patients.Eyes with ischemic RVO have poorer visual acuity and macular perfusion status than those with non-ischemic RVO.OCTA is advantageous for observing vascular morphology and quantifying macular perfusion status,making it an effective tool for assessing disease progression.

Objective To explore the effect of using new Chinese medicine cases on sharp protection in stomatological department. Methods After immersing the packaging paper in traditional Chinese medicine, it was made into a new type of protection case. Totals of 200 patients were randomly divided into the observation group (100 cases) and control group (100 cases). They were given the protection of new Chinese medicine case or traditional protection method, respectively. The incidence of prolapse, rate of satisfaction in doctors and the stress of nurses were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of sharp prolapse in the observation group during installing and before using were both two cases, and the control group were 26 and 28 cases, there were significant differences between the two groups (χ2 =32. 54,21. 32,respectively;P<0. 01). In the observation group, fifteen doctors were fully satisfied, eighteen doctors were satisfied and 7 doctors were generally satisfied, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (Z=26. 538 5,P<0. 01). In the observation group, thirty nurses were normal, seven nurses had mild pressure, one nurse had moderate pressure, and one nurse had severe pressure, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (Z=7. 233 8,P<0. 05). Conclusions Traditional Chinese medicine protection case can effectively reduce incidence of sharp prolapse, improve doctors′ satisfaction with nursing work, relieve nurses′ psychological pressure, which can better improve the ability of social service.

Objective: To analyze and compare the difference in volatile components in Achyranthesbidentatae Radix, salt-pro-cessed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and wine-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix. Methods:Headspace sol-id-phase microextraction ( HS-SPME) was used to extract the volatile components from Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and the two pro-cessed product of Achyranthes bidentatae radix. The chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) , and their relative mass fraction of each component was determined by an area normalization method. Results:A total of 38 chemical components were identified, and 23, 16 and 15 components were respectively identified from Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, the salt-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and the wine-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix accounted for 79. 14%, 49. 80% and 44. 57% of the total content of volatile components, respectively. There were 4 types of common volatile chemical constituents in the three products. Compared with Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, 10 types of new compounds were produced and 17 types of old compounds disappeared in the salt-processed product, and 9 types of new compounds were produced and 17 types of old compounds disappeared in the wine-processed product. Conclusion:Different processing methods have some influence on the type and the content of the volatile components in Achyranthes bidentatae Radix. Using HS-SPME-GC-MS combination technique can quickly and effectively obtain the volatile components information for Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, which can provide scientific reference for the quality evaluation and application of the processed products of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix.

Objective:To analyze the components of volatile oil in artemisiae argyi folium from different habitats to provide refer-ence for the quality evaluation in artemisiae argyi folium from different areas. Methods:The volatile oil of artemisiae argyi folium was extracted by steam distillation,and the components of volatile oil were analyzed and identified by GC-MS. The relative percentage of each component of volatile oil in artemisiae argyi folium from different habitats was calculated by area normalization method. The com-ponent contents of volatile oil in artemisiae argyi folium produced in Qichun and some other areas were analyzed by stechiometry. Re-sults:A total of 155 components were identified,mainly including compounds of ketones,olefins and alcohols,and the volatile compo-nents of artemisiae argyi folium from different areas were different. The quality of artemisiae argyi folium produced in Qichun was the best. Conclusion:The quality of volatile oil in artemisiae argyi folium produced in Qichun Hubei is better than that produced in other areas. The components of volatile oil in artemisiae argyi folium in the same habitat are also different. The different varieties of artemisi-ae argyi folium need to be further distinguished.

Objective: To analyze and compare the difference in volatile components in Achyranthesbidentatae Radix, salt-pro-cessed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and wine-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix. Methods:Headspace sol-id-phase microextraction ( HS-SPME) was used to extract the volatile components from Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and the two pro-cessed product of Achyranthes bidentatae radix. The chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) , and their relative mass fraction of each component was determined by an area normalization method. Results:A total of 38 chemical components were identified, and 23, 16 and 15 components were respectively identified from Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, the salt-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and the wine-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix accounted for 79. 14%, 49. 80% and 44. 57% of the total content of volatile components, respectively. There were 4 types of common volatile chemical constituents in the three products. Compared with Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, 10 types of new compounds were produced and 17 types of old compounds disappeared in the salt-processed product, and 9 types of new compounds were produced and 17 types of old compounds disappeared in the wine-processed product. Conclusion:Different processing methods have some influence on the type and the content of the volatile components in Achyranthes bidentatae Radix. Using HS-SPME-GC-MS combination technique can quickly and effectively obtain the volatile components information for Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, which can provide scientific reference for the quality evaluation and application of the processed products of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of compound α-ketoacid tablets in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).Methods:CNKI, Wanfang database, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library database were searched for eligible records published from the establishment of individual database to November 13 th, 2022. The quality of the included studies were assessed, data were extracted, and meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan5.3. Results:A total of 26 randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 2 790 DKD patients (1 465 in the experimental group and 1 325 in the control group). Multiple parameters were significantly improved in the experimental group compared with the control group, including 24-hour urinary protein, blood creatinine, urea nitrogen, nutritional index, oxidative stress level, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, homocysteine, HGF, VEGF, TGF-β1, and systolic blood pressure.Conclusions:Limited low-quality evidence showed that compound α-ketoacid tablets combined with low-protein diet may be related to the improved 24-hour urinary protein, renal function, and glucose metabolism in patients with DKD. Due to the lack of randomized controlled trials designed for respective stages of DKD, the inclusion criteria of our study were relatively general, possibly leading to the lack of pertinence of the results. Some indicators showed apparent heterogeneity among different groups, and more high-quality multi-center studies with large sample sizes are still needed to verify our findings.

Objective:To evaluate the distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria in patients with bacterial keratitis in recent 40 years in China.Methods:A Meta-analysis was conducted.Five databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform were searched.The research was limited to the hospital-based cross-sectional studies published in Chinese and English between 1980 and 2020, without limitations of subject.Two researchers followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria to complete literature retrieval, data extraction and methodological quality evaluation.The literature quality was assessed with reference to a methodological scoring system for rates. Q test and I2 test were used to quantify the degree of heterogeneity of the included literature.According to the heterogeneity, the fixed effects model or random-effects model was used to calculate the combined rates indicators to perform the Meta-analysis. Results:Twenty-seven original studies were incorporated, including 50 046 cases of bacterial keratitis.A random-effects model for the Meta-analysis showed that the positive rate of bacterial culture in bacterial keratitis was 28% (95% CI: 0.24-0.32). Among the culture-positive bacteria, the percentages of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli were 57% (95% CI: 0.52-0.62) and 32% (95% CI: 0.28-0.37), respectively.The percentages of gram-positive bacilli and gram-negative cocci were 8% (95% CI: 0.06-0.10) and 1% (95% CI: 0.01-0.02), respectively.In the recent 40 years, the proportion of gram-positive cocci isolated from corneas in China was on the rise, and the proportion of gram-negative bacilli was on the decline.Among them, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus accounted for 23% (95% CI: 0.17-0.30), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18% (95% CI: 0.14-0.23), Streptococcus pneumoniae 8% (95% CI: 0.06-0.12), Staphylococcus aureus 6% (95% CI: 0.04-0.08), Corynebacterium 4% (95% CI: 0.03-0.07), and Escherichia coli 4% (95% CI: 0.02-0.06). The results of the drug sensitivity test showed that gram-positive cocci were highly sensitive to vancomycin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most sensitive to tobramycin, and Escherichia coli was most sensitive to ofloxacin. Conclusions:This Meta-analysis indicates that the proportion of gram-positive cocci isolated from corneas in China has been on the rise, while the proportion of gram-negative bacilli was on the decline during the recent 40 years.Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become the most common pathogens of bacterial keratitis in China.The sensitivity of various bacteria to commonly used antibiotics shows a downward trend.The sensitive antibiotics should be selected correctly according to the drug sensitivity results.