The progression of liver fibrosis directly affects treatment options and prognosis.Early diagnosis and classification of liver fibrosis and dynamic monitoring are clinically needed.Noninvasive diagnostic techniques can avoid or reduce liver biopsy to enable early identifica-tion of liver fibrosis and to dynamically monitor the progression of fibrosis.But various limitations have restricted its application.Noninvasive diagnostic techniques,such as liver transient elastography using the different probe mode,controlled attenuation parameter,spleen stiffness measurement,ultrasound-based transient elastography for the early prediction of hepatic fibrosis,and risk assessment of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma,have been applied in clinical studies.In order to better understand and apply these diagnostic models,the progress in clinical studies of noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis,as well as the limitations,is reviewed.

Objective To explore ways of enhancing the therapeutic level of the neurology department and reducing the economic burdens of patients. Methods Relevant materials were collected by means of evidence based medicine to optimize therapeutic schedules, with cerebral infarction being the pitching in point. Results Prior to the adoption of evidence based medicine, the average length of stay, the effective rate of treatment and the expenses for single entity diseases were respectively 17.83?13.44, 89.91% and 4 550.70 yuan, whereas after the adoption of evidence based medicine, they were respectively 15.38?11.37, 94.16% and 3 942.88 yuan. Conclusion Evidence based management is a means of scientific management. Its application in the department of neurology has produced a marked effect and it is worthy to be spread.

Objective To observe and analyze the change situation of trace elements and cytokines in the patients with leukoderma.Methods Sixty-two patients with leukoderma in our hospital from June 2013 to January 2016 were selected as the observation group and contemporaneous 62 individuals undergoing physical examination were selected as the control group.Then the serum trace elements and cytokines levels were compared between the two groups and the detection results of above serum indexes in the observation group were compared among different grades and stages too.Results The serum trace elements levels of the observation group were all lower than those of the control group,the serum interleukin 10(IL-10)level was lower than that of the control group,while other serum cytokines levels were all higher than those of the control group,moreover the detecfion results of above serum indexes in the observation group had statistical differences among different grades and stages(P＜0.05).Conclusion Leukoderma has obvious effect on trace elements and cytokines and the influence of differente grades and stages of leukoderma on their expressions is inconsistent.

Objective To investigate the effect of alternative decompression body pad in the intraopera-tive pressure sore prevention.Methods Using random sampling methods,100 cases of patients were collect-ed and divided into the experimental group and the control group with 50 cases in each group,the experimental group adopted self-designed alternative decompression body pad and the control group used common body pad.The skin red,and hurt situation in the main parts of compression were observed,the average pressure of the main parts of compression,such as forehead,chest, anterior superior iliac spine was measured by means of stress-based software DZX29 figure measuring instrument, the above data underwent comparison.Results Statistical differences existed in skin red,skin damage and the average pressure between the two groups.Conclusions The alternative decompression body pad can effectively reduce the partial pressure of the vertical principal stress,and having an active role in the prevention of intraoperative pressure sores.But the prevention of pressure sores will still need to take comprehensive nursing measures.

Objective By comparing the physiological index and diosgenin content of rhizome between the artificial tetraploid and the wild type diploid of Dioscorea zingiberensis, it is aimed at revealing the potential utility of polyploid breeding in medicinal D. zingiberensis. Methods Three clones of the natural diploid and the artificially induced tetraploid of D. zingiberensis were used as materials in this study. The content of SOD, PPO, and soluble sugar of leaves was determined by spectrophotometry, CAT content was measured by using the method of KMnO_4 titration. And the diosgenin content in rhizome was analyzed by HPLC. Results The tetraploid plants showed higher level of SOD, PPO, CAT, soluble sugar content in leaves, and diosgenin content in rhizome than those of the diploid origins. The diosgenin content in the three clones of tetraploid plants increased to 27% as compared to wild type. Conclusion Artificially induced tetraploid presents high content of diosgenin and great potential in stress resistance, which would be available in good seed breeding for high yield of diosgenin.

AIM To study the effects of A 3 site (components), extracted from Angelica naphtha (total oil),on physiological properties of isolated rat atrium and action potential of isolated guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles. METHODS Spontaneous beats, contractile force and functional refractory period(FRP) of isolated atrial muscle were recorded according to the regular methods. Standard microelectrode intracellular recording technique was used to record action potential(AP) of ventricular papillary muscles. RESULTS A 3 site(10～160 mg?L -1 ) dramatically inhibited spontaneous beats of isolated rat right atrium and made beats stop with 160 mg?L -1 . A 3 site concentration dependently reduced contractile force of isolated rat left atrium induced by electrostimulating, with the IC 50 value of 52 3 mg?L -1 . A 3 site(40～100 mg?L -1 ) obviously prolonged FRP. The FRP was prolonged from 106 ms (as control) to 130 ms at final concentration of 100 mg?L -1 . A 3 site decreased action potential amplitude (APA), shortened 20%APD(APD 20 ) and 90%APD(APD 90 ), but had no significant effect on RP of AP. CONCLUSION The mechanism of these effects of A 3 site on myocardial physiological properties and action potential was probably associated with blocking the influx of Ca 2+ and Na +, promoting K + outflux.

Objective To investigate the association of the expressions of Fas, FasL, Bcl-2 and Bax in thyroid tissue with the pathogenesis in Graves′ disease (GD). Methods Thyroid tissues from 54 patients with GD and 10 patients with thyroid adenoma (paraadenoma tissue as normal controls) were studied for Fas, FasL, Bcl-2 and Bax expressions in the thyrocytes and lymphocytes by immunohistochemical method. Quantitative analysis was performed by Mias 99 pathological image system. Results (1) The positive granule area, average light density and integrated light density of Fas, FasL, Bcl-2 and Bax in the thyroid tissue from patients with GD were higher than those from normal controls (P

To investigate the CT appearances in early stage of clustering lung paragonimiasis,9 cases of two clustering lung paragonimiasis caused by eating raw stone-crab and laboratory examination were included in the study.Eight cases consulted by doctors in the hospital and their appearances were retrospectively analyzed.There were pleural effusion of varying degree (n=8) and random distribution sub-pleural pulmonary infiltrative lesions (n=7).The accompany appearances of the latter had lunar halo sign,characteristic tunnel sign (n=1) and peri-bronchitis (n=1).If CT detects pulmonary infiltrative lesions of random distribution within sub-pleura or tunnel sign,combining with the history of eating raw stone crabs and other freshwater fishes,with the rise of eosinophilic granulocytes in peripheral blood,the diagnosis of paragonimiasis should be suggested.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide ( LBP) on the tumor growth and metastasis in MMTV?PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. Methods The population of MMTV?PyMT trans?genic mice was expanded and identified. 8?week old MMTV?PyMT?positive female mice were randomly divided into LBP group and control group, 8 mice in each group. The mice of LBP group were given LBP treatment (50 mg/kg, i. p. ), and the control group was given normal saline in the same volume, once every 2 days for 4 weeks. The tumor size was measured every two days. The mice were killed at 4 weeks after treatment, the lungs were removed and fixed in Bouin′s solution to observe the number of metastatic nodules, and tumor tissues were used for immunohistochemical examination of tumor cell proliferation and vascular density. Results The tumor formation rate was 100% in the MMTV?PyMT?positive mice. The tumor weight of LBP group was 4?208 ± 0?4463 g, significantly lower than the 6?477g ± 0?3724 g in the control group (P<0?005). The number of pulmonary nodules of the LBP group was 12 ± 1?155, significantly less than that of the control group (20 ± 2?745) (P<0?05). The immunohistochemical examination using Ki67 and CD31 staining showed that tumor cell proliferation and microvessel density of the LBP group were significantly less than the NS group. Conclusions LBP inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis through the inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis in MMTV?PyMT mice. These mice can be used as an ideal model for studies on antitu?mor drug development for the treatment of breast cancer lung metastasis.

Although etiological treatment has reduced the incidence and mortality rates of liver cirrhosis complications, some patients may still experience disease progression. It is of great importance for further reducing mortality rate to accurately predict the clinical endpoints of liver cirrhosis and strengthen intervention. Therefore, this article discusses the prediction of clinical endpoints of liver cirrhosis from the aspects of liver pathology, noninvasive markers, imaging, and methodology, in order to help with early screening of the high-risk population, establish accurate predictive models, and further reduce the incidence rate of clinical endpoints of liver cirrhosis.