The pharmacokinetics of morphine in rats was studied after treatment with morphine, as well as morphine and lofexidine. The results showed that in lofexidine group the T 1/2ka and CL of morphine was significantly increased, while the C max ,AUC and T 1/2k of morphine were significantly decreased. Our results indicate that the lofcxidine can reduce the absorption rate of the morphine and the concentration of morphine in blood, and then can increase the total clearance rate of morphine in rats.

Antiarrhythmic effect of isoliensinine (IL) was studied on experimental arrhythmic mo-dels induced by coronary artery ligation and 4 different arrhythmogenic drugs in comparison with quinidine(Qu). Results of the study showed that the antiarrhythmic potency of IL was stronger than that of Qu atthe same dosage. The effects of IL on fast and slow response action potentials of myocardium were ob-served in guinea pig papillary muscles by standard microelectrode technique, which showed that IL couldreduce APA and Vmax and shorten the APD50. The results suggested that the antiarrhythmic mechanismof IL is related to its non-specific inhibition of the currents of Na+ and Ca2+.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of clinical commonly encountered pathogens and their drug resistance in our hospital,and provide reference for reasonable choices of the clinical antibiotics.METHODS The K-B method was used to test the sensitivity to antibiotics of 859 strains pathogens isolated from all kinds of infected samples during from Jan to Dec 2006 in our hospital,at the same time the ESBLs of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella and the MRS were detected.RESULTS The more pathogens isolated from our hospital were E.coli,Staphylococcus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella,Acinetobacter and Enterococcus.The ESBLs isolating rate was 32.8% in E.coli and 29.4% in Klebsiella,and the sensitivity to antibiotics was degraded obviously in those ESBLs producing strains.Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic to Gram-negative bacilli,cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam also had better antibacterial activity.The isolating rate of MRSA and MRCNS was 32.6% and 40.7% in S.aureus and MRCNS.Gram-positive cocci had the best sensitivity to vancomycin.There was no drug-resistant Enterococcus strain to vancomycin being found.CONCLUSIONS We should think highly of the bacterial drug resistance and use antibiotics reasonably.

AIM To evaluate the beneficial effects of isoliensinine on paraquat(PQ)-induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis and explore the mechanism of its action. METHODS PQ (45 mg·kg-1, ip)-induced acute lung injury and PQ (100 mg·kg-1, ig)-induced pulmonary fibrosis were prepared. At 8, 24 and 48 h after PQ administration, the effects of isoliensinine (20 mg·kg-1, ig, 3 times a day, from 24 h before PQ administration to the end of experiment) on activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of acute lung injury groups were evaluated respectively. On the 14 d following PQ ingestion, the effects of isoliensinine (10, 20 and 40 mg·kg-1, ig, twice a day, from 24 h before PQ administration to the end of experiment) on hydroxyproline content, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expressions and the histopathological changes in lung tissues of pulmonary fibrosis groups were observed. RESULTS In the acute lung injury model, isoliensinine (20 mg·kg-1) significantly increased SOD activity, and decreased MDA content and ALP activity, as well as ameliorated the histopathological damage of lung tissue compared with PQ group. However, the indexes mentioned above in isoliensinine alone group did not change obviously compared with normal saline group. In the pulmonary fibrosis model, isoliensinine (10, 20 and 40 mg·kg-1) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of hydroxyproline content compared with PQ group [(2.11±0.21), (1.94±0.24) and (1.89±0.26), respectively, vs (2.44±0.33) mg·g-1 wet tissue]. The expressions of TGF-β1 and MMP-2 in the lung tissue of the isoliensinine 40 mg·kg-1+PQ group were significantly less than those of the PQ group. Furthermore, isoliensinine could improve the histopathological changes of fibrosis as comparison with PQ group. CONCLUSION Isoliensinine has protective effects on PQ-induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanism of action of isoliensinine (IL) on the proliferation of porcine coronary arterial smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) induced by phenylephrine (Phen) and its mechanisms of action. Methods MTT assay, immunohistochemical method and Western blotting were adopted. Results IL (0.03-3 μmol·L-1) could inhibit the CASMCs proliferation induced by Phen (0.1 μmol·L-1) in a concentration-dependent manner. IL (0.1 μmol·L-1) antagonized Phen-induced overexpression of PDGF-β and bFGF from 0.545±0.026 and 0.47±0.03 to 0.458±0.019 and 0.376±0.017 (P<0.01, P<0.01). IL (0.1 μmol·L-1) also decreased c-fos, c-myc and hsp70 overexpression induced by Phen from 0.57±0.04, 0.44±0.04 and (173±36)% to 0.46±0.05, 0.372±0.021 and (115±35)% respectively (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.01). Conclusion IL exerted antiproliferative effect on CASMCs induced by phenylephrine, and its mechanisms were related to decrease the overexpression of growth factors (PDGF-β, bFGF), protooncogene (c-fos, c-myc) and hsp70.

Objective To create new tetraploid resource of Dioscorea zingiberensis in the hope of potential breeding materials with high yield and high level of diosgenin. Methods Callus with tiny green buds were directly soaked in colchicine solution or cultured in medium plus with colchicine to prohibit the isolation of chromosomes and induce tetraploid mutants. Results Tetraploids were achieved successfully. The most efficient treatment for inducing tetraploid was soaking the tiny buds in 1?103 mg/L colchicine solution for 24 h, the inducing rate could be up to 35. 2%. The induced tetraploids exhibited notable difference with common wild type (diploids) in morphology, physiology, and microscopic structure. ConclusionThe tetraploid plants show the advantages of gigantic size and vigorous growth. Thus, the established technique system to induce tetraploid from tissue cultured callus would provide an efficient alternative pathway for medicinal plants of Dioscorea L. breeding.

Objective Delve into the applied value of CDFI to diagnose deep vein thrombosis(DVT)in lower limbs.Methods Analyze the diagnosis of 65 chronic cases of DVT with a two-dimensional CDFI,and contrast it with the operation,X-ray angiography and clinical features.Results 36 acute cases of DVT;29 chronic cases of DVT;38 cases of lesion in left lower hmb(58.5%);21 in right lower limb(32.3%);and 6 in both lower limbs(9.2%).In the chronic cases,11 have formed collateral branch circulation.Conclusion CDFI has a safe and rapid effect on vein illness in lower limbs and can show the state of blood streams and the condition around the veins.It Can explain the unknown swollen in limbs.Realizing DVT in early stage has good value for its occurring,expanding and treating.

Objective To investigate the echocardiographic determination of uremic patients with myocardial weight and in the evaluation of cardiac function in patients with uremia heart the significance of the damage.Methods 70 cases of uremic patients and 30 normal physical were examined by routine echocardiography,cardiac measurements through the menu of uremic patients with myocardial weight and heart function.The patient group and the normal control group were compared.Results 70 patients with uremic echocardiography resuits of the analysis showed,respectively,12.8%and 84.3%existence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.left ventricular mass in patients with significant increase are significantly higher than those in healthy control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Uremic patients left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy most of echocardiography is the detection of cardiac damage in patients with uremia practical,sensitive,non-invasive examination will be able to clinical diagnosis and treatment provide guidance in the clinical widely used.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of three tumor markers ,including alpha‐fetoprotein(AFP) ,golgi glyco‐protein 73(GP73)and tumor specific growth factor(TSGF) ,and significance of combined detection in diagnosis of primary liver cancer(PHC) .Methods Serum levels of AFP ,GP73 and TSGF were detected in 90 cases of patients with PHC(PHC group) ,52 cases of patients with liver metastasis(liver metastasis group) ,41 cases of patients with benign liver disease(benign liver disease group) ,and 55 cases of healthy individuals(healthy control group) .And clinical value of combined detection of AFP ,GP73 and TS‐GF for diagnosing PHC was analysed .Results The serum levels of AFP ,GP73 and TSGF were significantly higher than those in benign liver disease group and healthy control group ,the differences were statistically significant(P< 0 .05) .The specificity of AFP ,GP73 and TSGF in diagnosis of PHC was 79 .7% ,71 .6% and 83 .1% ,respectively .The sensitivity of AFP ,GP73 and TSGF in the diagnosis of PHC was 57 .8% ,74 .4% and 65 .6% ,respectively .The combined detection of AFP ,GP73 and TSGF improved the sensitivity for diagnosing PHC(96 .6% ) ,while the specificity of combined detection was decreased(68 .9% ) .And the diagnosis rates of PHC patients with negative AFP or low levels of AFP were increased when combined the three tumor markers . Conclusion Combined detection of AFP ,GP73 and TSGF as a significant indicator for diagnosing PHC could improve the diagnosis rate of PHC .

In the long time of natural evolution, the bodies of some animals, such as feline, that live in the wild and complicate surroundings have evolved to possess outstanding buffering characteristics, which make the animals adapt to the environment perfectly. These animals generally have well-developed paw pads under their soles to play an important role in attenuating the intensity of impact when they land on the ground. Investigating the buffering characteristics of these animals' paw pads could help us to design "bionic" buffering and energy-absorption devices. In this paper, based on observations of animal jumping test, a simple mass-spring-buffer model was proposed to explore the buffering characteristics of the animals' paw pads. By analytically solving the differential equations of this model, the parameters concerned with paw pads functions were discussed and some significant results were obtained.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Felidae ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Foot ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Models, Theoretical