Objective:To establish a BALB/c mouse model of Echinococcus granulosus allergy and investigate the role of lymphocyte subsets in Echinococcus granulosus-induced sensitization. Methods:Echinococcus granulosus was isolated from the liver of sheep naturally infected with Echinococcus granulosus and cultured for 40 d. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 50 microcapsules and sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 ml/10 g of larval Echinococcus granulosus capsule six months after infection. According to the symptom scores 1 h after sensitization, these mice were divided into two groups: non-sensitized group ( n=6) and sensitized group ( n=6). The mice ( n=6) in control group were injected with sterile saline. Blood sample was collected from the angular vein of each mouse. Flow cytometry was used to detect B cells, NK cells and CD3 +/CD4 +/CD8 + T cells. Cytometric bead array was used to measure IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13. Results:The percentage of B cells was significantly higher in the non-sensitized group than in the control group ( P<0.001), but no significant difference was observed between the sensitized group and the control group. Compared with the non-sensitized group, the percentage of B cells in the sensitized group decreased significantly ( P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the percentages of NK cells in the non-sensitized group and the sensitized group decreased significantly ( P<0.001 and P<0.01). Compared with the non-sensitized group, the percentage of NK cells in the sensitized group increased significantly ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the percentage of CD3 + and CD4 + T cells in the non-sensitized group decreased significantly ( P<0.05), while the percentage of CD8 + T cells increased significantly ( P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the percentage of CD3 + and CD4 + T cells in the sensitized group increased significantly ( P<0.05 and P<0.001), while no significant change in the percentage of CD8 + T cells was detected. Compared with the non-sensitized group, the percentage of CD3 + and CD4 + T cells in the sensitized group increased significantly ( P<0.05), while the percentage of CD8 + T cells decreased significantly ( P<0.01). The levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13 were significantly higher in the non-sensitized group than in the control group ( P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the sensitized group showed increased IL-4 ( P>0.05), significantly increased IL-6 ( P<0.01) and decreased IL-13 ( P>0.05). The levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13 in the sensitized group were significantly lower than those in the non-sensitized group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The BALB/c mouse model of allergy induced by larval Echinococcus granulosus was successfully established. This study proved that the humoral immune response induced by Th2 cells played an important role in Echinococcus granulosus-induced sensitization, which provides an important scientific basis for establishing a prevention and treatment strategy for patients with anaphylactic shock caused by extravasation of Echinococcus granulosus fluid.

Objective To investigate the epididymal sperm ultrastructure after vasectomy. Methods During the operation of vasovasostomy (38 cases, test group) and vasectomy (13 cases,control group,group A) the proximal vas deferens fluids were collected.The epididymal sperm morphology in the proximal vas deferens fluids was observed using optical and electronic microscopes.Data were analyzed by SPSS program. Results The data from group A showed that there was no significant difference between left and right side in the percentage of normal sperm morphology.The results from both optical and electronic microscopes showed that there was a significant difference in the percentage of normal sperm morphology (a),abnormal sperm head (b),sperm with neck defect (c) and sperm with tail defect (d) between group A and group B(5 years after vasectomy). (electronic microscopes:(a):(40.28?11.53)% vs (16.80?7.93)%,(6.29? 4.57 )%,( 4.63? 5.06 )%; (b):(35.00?14.18)% vs (59.05?14.44)%,(63.43?15.23)%,(82.05? 16.71 )%;(c):(20.83? 6.40 )% vs (13.60?6.78)%,( 14.71? 6.82)%,(9.00?7.18)%;(d):(3.89?4.44)% vs (10.55?11.73)%,(15.57?9.81)%,(4.32?7.65)%. optical microscopes:(a):(49.12?20.55)% vs (19.95?15.42)%,(10.00?9.50)%,(5.84?9.63)%; (b):(35.00?14.55)% vs (22.55?16.24)%,(14.71?15.78)%,(10.68?18.65)%; (d):(15.80?9.55)% vs (57.50?24.74)%,(75.29?23.90)%,(78.21?30.33)%.There existed multi-cell organ and multi-form abnormalities in the inner structures of sperm heads,necks and tails. Conclusions The epididymal sperm defect (including head, neck and tail) after vasectomy was demonstrated in the inner cell organs.The longer after vasectomy, the higher percentage of sperm with abnormality was found.

2,3,5,4'-tetra-hydroxystilbene-2-O-glucoside (THSG), the water-soluble active components extracted from dried tuber root of Polygonum multiflorum (Polygonaceae), can promote the release of nitric oxide (NO) from vascular endothelial cells and has strong antioxidation. The postconditioning's protection of THSG on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury and the mechanism were investigated. After reperfusion for 3 h following occlusion of rat left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 30 min, SαT recovery speed, arrhythmia and cardiac infarct size were observed.The ischemic size and infarct size was identified by using Evans blue and TTC staining methods respectively. The results showed that the infarct size in THSG 7. 5 mg/kg postconditioning group was significantly decreased from 43.6 %±9.1 % in mode group to 16.5 %±6.5 % (P＜0.01).SαT recovery was quicker and the incidence of arrhythmia (55.6 % vs 100 %, P＜0.05) was significantly lower than in control group. The infarct size in THSG+glybenclamide group was greater than in THSG group, but equivalent to that in control group (46.8 %±9.8 % vs 43.6 %±9. 1 %, P ＞0. 05), SαT recovery speed slower and the incidence of arrhythmia also lower (33. 3 % vs 100 %, P＜0. 01), suggesting that glybenclamide could abolish the effects of THSG postconditioning reducing the cardiac infart size. It was concluded that THSG administration before reperfusion could effectively alleviate the cardiac reperfusion injury and possessed the postconditioning effects of reducing cardiac infarct size, which might be related with the KATP channel opening.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of non-obstructive gastric retention before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with biliopancreatic disease.Methods:The matched case-control study included 109 patients with non-obstructive gastric retention before ERCP as the case group, and 218 patients without gastric retention as the control group. The patients′ medical records including comorbidities, preoperative medication and laboratory indicators were compared between the two groups. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were subsequently used to determine the risk factors for non-obstructive gastric retention before ERCP.Results:Logistic regression revealed that the jaundice ( OR=12.359, P<0.001), opiates use ( OR=3.009, P=0.001), somatostatin use ( OR=2.445, P=0.033), fasting hyperglycemia ( OR=1.513, P=0.045), hypokalemia ( OR=4.634, P=0.001) and hyponatremia ( OR=1.805, P=0.023) were independent risk factors for non-obstructive gastric retention before ERCP in patients with biliopancreatic disease. Conclusion:Except for gastrointestinal obstruction, jaundice, opiates use, somatostatin use, fasting hyperglycemia, hypokalemia and hyponatremia are all risk factors for gastric retention in patients with biliopancreatic disease. Comprehensive evaluation and early intervention for patients showing these risk factors are needed.

bcl-2 inhibitor of transcription 1 (Bit1) is an anoikis effector that can play a role of caspase-independent apoptosis by down-regulating bcl-2 expression. Previous studies have found that Bit1 affects cell survival and apoptosis through Erk and FAK-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathways. It is worth noting that the expression of Bit1 has shown the obvious tumor specificity in different tumors, and it is closely related to TNM stage, differentiation and prognosis of the tumor. This review summarizes the expression, main mechanism, and significance of Bit1 in different tumors.

Objective To study the comparability of total prostate specific antigen ( tPSA) meas-urement by four domestic chemiluminescence immunoassays ( DCI) and electrochemiluminescence immuno-assay ( ECI) . Methods A total of 45 serum samples that requested tPSA tests were selected. Four DCIs ( Snibe MAGLUMI 4000, Mindray CL-2000i, Autobio A2000, HYBIOME AE180) and ECI ( Roche Cobas e601) were used to measure tPSA. The precisions of the methods were evaluated. The four DCIs were com-pared with Roche ECI respectively, and the comparability of the test results was analyzed. Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The precisions of five methods were good. The tPSA levels measured by Roche Cobas e601, Snibe MAGLUMI 4000, Mindray CL-2000i, Autobio A2000, and HYBIOME AE180 were 14.11(9.92, 36.09), 12.00(8.56, 27.23), 12.10 (8. 60, 29.87), 13.35(9.51, 32.85) and 14.50(9.88, 40.06) μg/L, respectively. The correlation coeffi-cients of Roche with Snibe MAGLUMI 4000, Mindray CL-2000i, and Autobio A2000 were 0.992, 0.989, 0. 957 and 0.983, respectively (all P<0.001). Assuming the tPSA medical decision point for regression equation was 4.0μg/L, the proportional biases of Snibe MAGLUMI 4000, Mindray CL-2000i, Autobio A2000, and HYBIOME AE180 compared with Roche were -10. 88％, -18. 07％, 0. 23％ and 22. 31％, respectively. Conclusion The comparability of tPSA test results is different between 4 DCIs and Roche ECI, which pro-vides some references for clinical application and standardization of the DCI test results.