Objective To research on the new technique and method of bone grafting for nonunion of four limbs. Methods A new method of bone grafting was developed to take advantage of Nitinol Shape Memory Connector. It included splinting mode, padding mode and seeding mode. 148 cases of bone nonunion in 134 patients were treated with the modified method. Results The patients were followed up for 5.5 months to 6 years, with an average period of 2.25 years. On the average, the nonunion healed with lamellar bone 3.5 months after the operation. The healing rate was 99.3% . Conclusion The author s modified bone grafting provides a new and efficacious method for treatment of the limb nonunion.

Objective To investigate the safety and clinical effect of renal hilum controlling during right retroperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (RPLDN).Methods From January 2009 to May 2012,62 cases of right RPLDN were performed in our department.The clinical data,including the general status of donors,operative time,blood loss,donor kidney warm ischemic time,hospital stays and complications,were analyzed retrospectively.Results Right RPLDN was performed successfully on all 62 cases without conversion to open procedure and apparent complications.The function of all the kidney grafts recovered well.Mean operative time was 73.5 ± 10.4 min,mean blood loss was 30.7 ± 10.4 ml,mean warm ischemic time was 107.2 ± 24.8 s,mean artery and vein lengths were 3.3 ± 0.5 cm and 2.0 ± 0.4 cm,vena cava incision suture time was 2.0 ± 0.5 min and mean hospital stay was 5.2 ± 1.6 days,respectively.Conclusion Right donor kidney with small part of vena cava can be harvested by using retroperitoneal laparoscopy plus open passage way.This technique of renal hilum controlling in RPLDN has good clinical effect and more advantages,including ensuring the safety of donors and kidney grafts,promoting the operation done smoothly,reducing the pain and financial burden of donors.

Objective To explore the effects of penile erectile dysfunction (ED) on the quality of life in male renal transplant recipients.Methods 150 cases of male married recipients undergoing renal transplantation were selected randomly.The recipients were divided into ED group (n =63) and non-ED group (n =87) through the IIEF-5 score.The Short Form-36 Health Status Survey (SF-36)and Hamilton Anxiety Scale were used to compare their living quality and the state of mental health between the two groups,respectively.Results The SF-36 scores in ED group in General Health,Vitality,Social Function,Role Limitation due to Emotional Problems,Mental Health were significantly lower than those in non-ED group (P＜0.05).There were 13 cases in ED group with anxiety disorders (20.6％),significantly more than in non-ED group (3.4％),P＜0.05.Conclusion ED is an important influencing factor for the quality of life in male kidney transplant recipients.

Objective To observe the protective effects of roscovitine on the podocyte injury induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) caused by tunicamycin. Methods The differentiated podocytes cultured at 37℃were randomly di-vided into:(1) Control group, DMSO group and tunicamycin group (TM, 1.0μmol/L). The treatment was given for 3, 6 and 12 hours in three groups. (2) For control group, tunicamycin group, tunicamycin+roscovitine group (20, 40μmol/L, TM+ROS), the treatment was given for 12 hours. The podocyte apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL method. The ex-pressions of Cdk5, GRP78, Caspase-12 and CHOP were detected by Western blot assay. Results (1) Compared with con-trol group and DMSO group, the podocyte apoptosis was increased significantly in a time dependent manner after tunicamy-cin treatment in TM group;the protein expressions of Cdk5, GRP78, Caspase-12 and CHOP were also up-regulated signifi-cantly in TM group (P<0.05). (2) Flow cytometry and TUNEL analysis showed that tunicamycin induced apoptosis in podo-cytes, which was significantly inhibited by roscovitine in a concentration dependent manner in TM+ROS group as compared to that of TM group (P<0.05). The protein expressions of GRP78, Caspase-12 and CHOP were also significantly decreased in a concentration dependent manner in TM+ROS group compared to those of TM group (P<0.05). Conclusion Roscovi-tine, the inhibitor of Cdk5, can reduce the podocyte apoptosis induced by tunicamycin. The protective effects of roscovitine on podocytes can be a novel approach of treating diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To evaluate intraoporative ultrasonography (IOUS) of liver tumors. Methods In this study, 45 patients with liver tumors were examined by the IOUS(Logiq 500 scanner with a dedicated 5 ～ 7.5 MHz linear-array intraoperative transducer), and the results of IOUS were compared with those of preoperative ultrasonography (PHILIPS HDI 5000 scanner with a 3.5 ～ 5 MHz convex-array transducer) and computed tomography (CT). Results For tumors with a diameter ≥ 1 cm, the detection rate of IOUS was 100%, which was higher than that of preoperative ultrasonography and CT (100% vs 89.80% and 97.96%), though there was no statistical significance(xc2 = 3.372 ,P >0.05 and Fisher exact probability was 1.00) ; For tumors with a diameter < 1 cm, IOUS had a significantly higher detection rate than preoperative uhrasonography and CT(90.70% vs 62.79% and 74.42%, respectively,the former x2= 9.382, the latter x2 = 3.957, both P < 0.05) ;The total detection rate of IOUS was significantly higher than that of preoperative ultrasonography and CT (95.65% vs 77.17% and 86. 96%, respectively, the former x2 = 13.378, the latter x2 = 4.381, both P < 0.05). All the detected lesions underwent surgical resection or intratumoral injection of ethanol with the guidance of IOUS. Conclusions Compared with preoperative imaging examination, IOUS not only can enhance the detection rates of preoperatively overlooked lesions, but also can provide more valuable information to guide the surgical procedures.

Objective To investigate the significance of The Maryland Aggregate Pathology Index in the evaluation of donation after citizens death (DCD) kidney by time-zero renal biopsy.Methods 124 kidney grafts were donated by 62 donors after cardiac death in First Hospital of Jilin University between Jan.2015 and Dec.2015.One kidney was deprecated after evaluation and 123 transplants were performed eventually.Time-zero renal biopsy was performed on 123 cases of DCD donor kidney,and rapid frozen pathological examination was performed.The pathological results of donor kidneys were graded by The Maryland Aggregate Pathology Index:low risk group (less than 7 points) (n =112 cases);the middle risk group (8-11 points) (n =11 cases),high the risk group (more than 12 points) (n =0).The incidence of delayed graft function (DGF),the incidence of perioperative acute rejection (AR),and the average creatinine level in the patients at different time points one year post-transplantation were observed.The median value of follow-up was 19 months,and the 1-year survival rate of patients and renal grafts was observed.Results All 123 cases of kidney transplantation from DCD were performed successfully.The incidence of DGF in low risk group and in middle risk group was 6.3％ (7/112) and 27.3％ (3/11),respectively (P =0.046).The incidence of perioperative acute rejection (AR) in low risk group and middle risk group was 9.8％ (11/112) and 27.3％ (3/11),respectively (P =0.112).The mean serum creatinine (Scr) levels at 7th day,1st month,3rd month,and 12th month after operation were 123.3 ± 79.7,104.4 ± 52.6,72.9 ± 32.0 and 107.6 ± 34.6 μmol/L in low risk group,and 321.0 ± 74.3,172.6 ± 59.9,142.9 ± 45.7 and 140.8 ± 63.6 μmol/L in middle risk group,respectively.The mean Scr levels in patients at different time points one year post-transplantation in low risk group were significantly lower than those in middle risk group (P＜0.000 1,=0.000 3,＜0.000 1,=0.012 respectively).The 1-year survival rate of patients and renal grafts was 98.2％ (10/112)/98.2 (110/112 in low risk group,and 81.8％ (9/11)/81.8％ (9/11) in middle risk group,respectively (P =0.040).Conclusion The Maryland aggregate pathology index obtained from time-zero renal biopsy of rapid frozen pathological examination can provide some guidance for the evaluation of the quality of DCD and the prognosis.Incidence of DGF was lower in low risk group than that in middle risk group,and the renal function of each time point was better within 1 year,and the 1-year survival rate of patients and renal grafts was higher.

Objective To investigate the relationship between peripheral inflammatory cytokines and anxiety symptoms in patients with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder. Methods 48 patients diagnosed with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder according to ICD?10 criteria and 48 healthy sub?jects were recruited. Peripheral levels of IL?1, IL?2, IL?4, IL?5, IL?6, IL?8, IL?10, IL?12p70, GM?CSF and IFN?γ of both groups were evaluated by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) ,and CRP was evalua?ted by immunoturbidimetric method. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale( GAD?7) and State?Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) were used to assess the levels of overall anxiety, state anxiety and trait anxiety. Results The levels of CRP ( ( 1. 19 ± 0. 80 ) mg/L vs ( 0. 68 ± 0. 70 ) mg/L, t=3. 31 ) , IL?1α( ( 70. 34 ± 3.60)pg/ml vs (16.94±3.42)pg/ml, t=74.50),IL?2((7.25±3.42)pg/ml vs (4.95±2.31)pg/ml, t=3.85), IL?4((102.02±73.14)pg/ml vs (75.55±32.78)pg/ml, t=2.29),IL?6((12.55±2.37)pg/ml vs (2.71±1.35) pg/ml, t=14.79),IL?8((44.64±16.21)pg/ml vs (35.69±11.70)pg/ml, t=3.10),IL?12((18.16±24.17) pg/ml vs (10.82±4.72)pg/ml, t=2.06),IFN?γ((23.32±15.52)pg/ml vs (16.48±6.80)pg/ml, t=2.79), GM?CSF((19.07±11.12)pg/ml vs (13.40±8.54)pg/ml, t=2.80) in patients with the first?episode general?ized anxiety disorder were significantly higher than normal controls(P<0.05) . Both SAI and TAI had signifi? cantly positive correlation with the levels of IL?1α, IL?2, IL?6, IL?8, IL?12, IFN?γ and GM?CSF ( r=0.24?0.76, P<0.05) . Conclusion The levels of some peripheral inflammatory cytokines in patients with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder are significantly increased,and they have positive correlation with gener?al anxiety,state anxiety and trait anxiety,which may suggest some immune system defects in the patients.

Objective To design a new method of posterior wall reconstruction for severely corn-minuted and obsolete fracture of the posterior wall of the aeetabulum. Methods (1) Biomechanical study (from two perspectives: the stability and the stress distribution on the femoral head and the acetabu-lure) : six fresh adult' s pelvis and femur specimens were collected and divided into experimental group ( consisted of the left sides) and control group ( consisted of the right sides). After the defects of the pos-terior wall were made, the defects were anatomically reconstructed with the harvested ilium by acetabular tridimentional memory fixation system (ATMFS) in the experimental group, whereas the acetabular frag-ments were repositioned to the defect sites and fixated by the plates and screws in the control group. Lon-gitudinal and latitudinal displacement, stability of the anatomically reconstructed posterior wall of the ace-tabulum, the fitness of femoral head to the acetabulum after anatomical reconstruction and mean and maxi-mum pressure of anterior wall, posterior and cupuh of the acetabuhm were analysed and compared. (2) Cinical study: The posterior wall defect on the harvested ilium piece was repaired with 3-directional loc-king of ATMFS in 10 male patients (at age of 16-50 years, mean 36.4 years) from January 2000 to June 2002. There were seven patients with flesh acetabular fractures and three with old acetabular fractures.The period from fracture to reconstruction for the patients with old fractures was 58-251 days ( 137.7 days an average). The patients were foUowed up for 5.8 years (average 5.2-7.1 years). Results (1) Biomechanical study showed no statistical difference upon stability and fitness of femoral head to acetabu-lum after reconstruction in experimental and control groups. (2) Clinical study: postoperative X-ray film showed no repeated displacement of the fracture and the patients began out-of-bed movement with weight bearing after 1.6 months (1.2-2.1 months). Heterotopic ossification was found in two patients, with no influence on the joint function. According to the elinieal ranking standard of Modified d' Aubigne and Postal, the excellence rate was 93%. Conclusions Anatomical reconstruction of posterior wall of the acetabulum by using serf ilium with ATMS has good stability and stress distribution of the femoral head and the reconstructed acetabulum in clinical application and offers a new method for treatment of severely comminuted and obsolete fracture of posterior wall of acetabulum.

Objective To discuss the therapy for acetabular comminuted fractur e combined with compressive defects. Methods From July 1997 to February 2005, 43 cases of comminuted acetabular fracture combined with compressive defect were t reated. 25 cases were obsolete, 16 fresh, and 2 malformed (90 days after injury) . 34 cases were complicated fractures with defects, and 9 simple fractures with defects. The defect volumes ranged from 3 to 9 cm3, averaging 4.5 cm3. They were treated with ATMFS (acetabular tridimensional memory fixation system) to fixate the comminuted bone fragments tridimensionally. The modified acetabular approac h, reduction of acetabular comminuted articular face, anatomical reconstruction of posterior wall of acetabulum with autogenous ilium, autogenous and artificial bone implantation and bone wax isolation were used. The follow-ups lasted from 5 to 86 months, averaging 15.7 months. Results 31 cases achieved anatomical red uction by filling up the compressive defects. 12 cases were treated by anatomica l reconstruction of posterior wall. On average, 5.3 months after operation, the injured hip joint was as good as the healthy one in 40 cases. Ischemia necrosis of femoral head occurred in 1 case, and 2 cases experienced heterotopic ossifica tion with ischemia necrosis of femoral head which led to osseous fusion of hip j oint. Conclusion The new methods for treatment of acetabular fractures with comp ressive defects elevate the reduction rate of acetabulum and femoral head, and a re effective for the functional recovery of hip joint.

In recent years,cortisol has been used as a biomarker to assess stress in dogs.To evaluate the welfare of dogs,we reviewed cortisol levels and changes in dogs under various stresses.We explored the influential factors that relieve stress in accordance with variations in cortisol levels,to improve the measures which reduce stress in dogs.It is recommended to apply cortisol measurement and behavioral observation comprehensively to evaluate stress in dogs more accurately.