Human rotavirus (RV) is one of the main pathogens that cause non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis diseases globally. Live attenuated vaccine is an effective method to prevent RV infection. In order to improve the safety of RV vaccines, it is a good choice to develop other forms of vaccines other than live virus vaccines to avoid attenuated vaccine strains to restore virulence through back mutation or cause environmental contamination. This article reviews the research of RV virus like particle(VLP) vaccines.

BACKGROUND: The use of bone graft materials can promote bone fusion and enhance the stability of the spine during the spinal fusion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s with hydroxyapatite/ tricalcium phosphate in the spinal fusion. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 64 patients with spinal fusion was carried out, and these patients were divided into two groups (n=32 per group): control group undergoing autogenous iliac bone grafting and observation group undergoing autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s combined with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate. Al patients were fol owed up for 12 months, and their recovery conditions about low back pain, spinal fusion and vertebral reset were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The low-back outcome scale scores and excel ent rate, Lenke grading and Cobb angle had insignificant differences between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). No infection, inflammation and skin irritation occurred in the two groups. The coagulation function, renal function and inflammatory factor levels were at normal levels in al the patients, and there was no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s combined with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate can achieve clinical outcomes equivalent to the autologous iliac bone grafting.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of combined acupuncture and medicine plus ultrashort wave diathermy in treating post-stroke complicated urinary tract infection.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with post-stroke complicated urinary tract infection were randomly allocated to groups A, B and C, 40 cases each. Group A received acupuncture, ultrashort wave diathermy and treatment with anti-infective drugs; group B, ultrashort wave diathermy and treatment with anti-infective drugs; group C, treatment with anti-infective drugs alone. The clinical therapeutic effects and the recurrence rates were compared between the three groups.Results The total efficacy rate was 92.5% in group A, 90.0% in group B and 72.5% in group C. There was a statistically significant difference in the total efficacy rate between group A or B and group C (P<0.05). The recurrence rate was 8.1% in group A, 27.8% in group B and 31.0% in group C. There was a statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate between group A and group B or C (P<0.05).Conclusion Combined use of acupuncture and medicine plus ultrashort wave diathermy is an effective way to treat post-stroke complicated urinary tract infection.

Aim To investigate and evaluate the effect of ligustrazine on the expression of scavenger receptor type AI, the human ?-interferon activation site (GAS) elements regulatory systems of SR-AI expression wasfirst established in the Xenopus oocytes. Methods A plasmid, in which the human SR-AI gene was constructed downstream from the GAS elements, was microinjected into the nucleus of Xenopus oocytes. The oocytes then were cultured in the smooth muscle cell conditioned medium (SCM), In which the cell were cultured with the treatment of oxLDL for 2 days. In the other groups, the oocytes were treated with SCM containing the nature medicines ligustrazine, and the positive control drug ?-interferon respectively. Results The results demonstrated that SCM could upregulate the expression of SR-AI in this system, this action was suppressed by ligustrazine and ?-interferon. Conclusion Similar to the action of ?-interferon, ligustrazine can prevent the over-expression of SR-A induced by oxLDL, via their effect on the GAS elements regulatory pathway.

Objective To observe the effects of immune acupuncture and moxibustion on the infection in hospital and the outcome of re-habilitation after stroke. Methods From January, 2014 to January, 2016, 100 patients following acute stroke were randomly divided into ob-servation group (n=50) and control group (n=50). The control group accepted routine medications, rehabilitation and acupuncture, while the observation group accepted acupuncture and moxibustion on Guanyuan (RN4), Qihai (RN6) and Zusanli (ST36) in addition. The nosocomi-al infection rate was recorded 90 days after treatment, and the T lymphocyte subsets, scores of Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and modified Barthel index (MBI) were measured before and after treatment. Results The nosocomial infection rate was 20% in the observation group, less than 42% in the control group (χ2=5.657, P<0.05). The contribution of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, and the scores of FMA and MBI increased after treatment in both groups (t>2.463, P<0.05), and increased more in the observation group than in the control group (t>2.225, P<0.05). Conclusion Immune acupuncture and moxibustion therapy can reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection, and promote the func-tion of the immune system and outcome in patients after acute stroke.

BACKGROUND:Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate is an effective method for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, with significant effect and less adverse reactions, but the mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE:Through testing the malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in the synovial fluid of knee osteoarthritis before and after injection of sodium hyaluronate, to evaluate the clinical efficacy of sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:Thirty-seven patients with knee osteoarthritis (40 knees) were enroled and divided into mild (n=10, 10 knees), moderate (n=17, 18 knees), and severe (n=10, 12 knees) groups according to the Japan's knee osteoarthritis indications. Patients were subjected to intra-articular injection of 25 mg sodium hyaluronate, once a week for 5 weeks. The levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in the synovial fluid before and 4 weeks after treatment were detected, and then clinical effects were evaluated based on the clinical scores according to the Japan’s knee osteoarthritis indications. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The indication rating results of the mild and moderate groups were decreased significantly 4 weeks after injection (P < 0.05), but there were no significant difference in the severe group before and after treatment. The malondialdehyde level in the synovial fluid was decreased obviously in the three groups at 4 weeks after injection (P < 0.05), while the level of superoxide dismutase was increased remarkably (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that sodium hyaluronate can treat knee osteoarthritis by reducing the malondialdehyde level and increasing superoxide dismutase level in the synovial fluid, but this method is more suitable for treatment of mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of microsurgical treatment of anterior communicating aneurysm via the moeifiee pterional approach uneer combinee neuroelectrophysiological monitoring. Methods The clinical eata of 35 cases of anterior communicating aneurysms were analyzee retrospectively. All the cases were treatee by the microsurgical treatment via moeifiee pterional approach uneer combinee neuroelectrophysiological monitoring. Results All the anterior communicating aneurysms were clippee completely by microsurgical treatment uneer combinee neuroelectrophysiological monitoring. The curative effect was assessee at eischarge accoreing to GOS,inclueing gooe in 29 cases(82. 9% ,29 / 35),moeerate eisability in 4 cases(11. 4% ,4 / 35),severe eisability in 1 case(2. 9% ,1 / 35),eiee in 1 case(2. 9% ,1 / 35). Conclusion Microsurgical treatment of anterior communicating aneurysms via moeifiee pterional approach uneer combinee neuroelectrophysiological monitoring is a safe ane effective methoe,which might be helpful to reeuce the ratio of postoperative eisability ane mortality,ane then improve quality of life for patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of intracellular magnetic labeling of stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) on the cell differentiation capability into hepatocyte-like cells.Methods Adiposederived stem cells (ADSCs) were obtained from the inguinal fat tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats.ADSCs were labeled with co-incubation of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and SPIO (25 μg/mL).Intracellular iron uptake was analyzed qualitatively with light microscopy.The viability of ADSCs was evaluated with trypan blue staining.SPIO-labeled and unlabled ADSCs were subjected to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).Liver marker gene such as albumin (ALB) was analyzed by RT-PCR.The cell viability between the labeled cell group and unlabeled cell group adopted two independent sample t-Test.Results Light microscopy results revealed intracytoplasmic iron uptake and nearly 100％ of cell labeling efficiency.SPIO-labeled ADSCs had an unaltered viability as compared with unlabeled ADSCs (P＞0.05).After induction,glycogen storage within cytoplasm can be found in the two group on 14 d and 21 d,and the cells with positive staining increased on day 21.The two groups both express the ALB on 14 d and 21 d,which expressed higher on 21 d.Conclusion Intracellular magnetic labeling with SPIO did not affect the viability and capability of ADSCs to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells.

Objective To compare the relationship between the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) reagent and West‐ern blot(WB) confirmation reagent for analyzing the quality lever of human T‐cell lymphotropic virus(HTLV) detection reagent . Methods The WB confirmation reagent was used to detect anti‐HTLV antibody in 156 human serum samples of ELISA prelimina‐ry screening positive .The ELISA cut‐off value(optimal value) was selected by using the two‐graph receiver operating characteristics (TG‐ROC) analytical method .The two‐by‐two table analysis was constructed to analyze the consistency of results detected by the two methods ,moreover the McNemar test was used to evaluate the consistency of detection results .The quality level of HTLV de‐tection reagent was comprehensively evaluated .Results Among 156 serum samples of ELISA preliminary screening positive ,only 40 samples were positive by the WB confirmation ,and other 116 samples were negative .The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA de‐tection reagent obtained by TG‐ROC analysis were 97 .5% and 45 .7% respectively ,the TG‐ROC test also indicated that the detec‐tion results had significant difference between ELISA and WB(P<0 .05) .By adjusting the cut‐off value ,the sensitivity and specific‐ity of ELISA were increased to 88 .8% (parametric method) .In the comparison of the parametric method and the non‐parametric method ,the obtained areas under the curve(AUC) was 0 .923 5(parametric method) ,their results were basically consistent .Conclu‐sion Although above results indicate that the detection results of ELISA reagent are different from those of WB ,but adjusting the cut off value can increase its sensitivity and specificity ,thus increases the reliability of diagnosis result .

The clinical application of arthroscopic minimally invasive treatment of shoulder joint disease technology has become a routine,and it has been widely carried out around the world.Compared with the traditional open surgery,it only needs to establish a few channels in the shoulder and then the diagnosis and treatment of the structure under the acromion and glenoid joint internal lesions can be completed through the arthroscopic technique under direct vision,of course,including local collection of pathological specimens.Shoulder arthroscopic surgery has the advantages of simple operation technique,small economic burden of patients,small tissue trauma,quick recovery and high accuracy of disease diagnosis.At present,there are two main options for shoulder arthroscopy:the beach chair position (BCP) and the lateral decubitus position (LDP).The choice of surgical position for surgeons is closely related to the intraoperative operation,the risk of complications,the efficacy of surgery,and the cost of setting the posture.Shoulder arthroscopy of these two positions have their own advantages and disadvantages:in the BCP,the surgeon gets a better anatomical operation experience,if necessary,can be converted into open surgery at any time.Without continuous traction,upper limb nerve and vascular damage caused by traction can be avoid.But the incidence of cerebral ischemic events in patients may increase in the BCP.There is also possibility of the nerve damage of the pillow small nerve,great auricular nerve,lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and other nerves.In theory the risk of air embolism in the patients will increase in the BCP,and the cost of setting the position is also higher than the LDP.While in the LDP due to the patient's forearm continuous traction,the surgeon can get a more extensive operating space,and the occurrence of cerebral ischemic events is very rare.In the treatment of anterior shoulder instability after shoulder arthroscopic surgery,there is a lower recurrence rate in the LDP.The cost of setting the position is also significantly lower than the BCP.Of course,the disadvantages of the LDP is also obvious.In the LDP,the brachial plexus and other nerves or vascular injury may increase due to the continuous traction of the forearm.Meanwhile sustained traction in the LDP is also a risk factor for thrombosis,and so on.Therefore,there is still a debate about the optimal location of the shoulder arthroscopy.Many clinicians choose shoulder arthroscopic position based on their own experience and habits.