Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of adrenomedullin (ADM) and adrenomedullin receptor (ADMR) on hypoxia pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in rats.Methods Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group, hypoxic group and hypoxic plus ADM group.ADM was subcutaneously administered into rats with ADM. After 21 days, The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index[RV/(LV+S)] were measured. Hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling(HPSR) was observed with morphometric analysis. The level of pulmonary arterial plasma ADM was measured by radioimmunoassay. The semiquantitate in situ hybridization was used to measure the expression of ADMR mRNA in pulmonary artery walls. Results (1) The level of mPAP, RV/(LV+S),the ratio of vascular wall thick ness to external diameter(MT%) and ratio of vascular wall area to total area (MA%) were significantly higher in hypoxia group than those in control group(2) The pulmonary artery plasma ADM level was significantly higher in hypoxic group and hypoxic plus ADM group than that in control group(P

Objective To analyze the correlation between sleep disorder and bone mineral density(BMD)and fracture risk in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods 150 T2DM patients over 50 years old who were hospitalized in the Endocrine Metabolism Department of Changsha First Hospital from September 2022 to April 2023 were selected.According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),they were divided into a non-sleep disorder group(66 cases)and a sleep disorder group(84 cases).The general data and biochemical indicators of the two groups were compared.The relationship between sleep disorder and BMD,fracture risk was analyzed.Results Compared with the non-sleep disorder group,HbA1c,FPG,female proportion,the proportion of hypnotics and risk scores of vertebral fracture in the sleep disorder group were higher,and BMI,BMD of femoral neck and hip were lower(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between PSQI score and BMD of femoral neck and hip(P<0.05).Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis showed that the risk scores of vertebral fracture was positively correlated with age,duration of DM,use of hypnotics and sleep disorder(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and negatively correlated with BMD of femoral neck and hip(P<0.01).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that FPG,use of hypnotics and hip BMD were influencing factors of sleep disorders,while sleep disorders and PSQI scores were influencing factors of osteoporosis.Conclusions For middle-aged and elderly T2DM patients,improving sleep may help reduce the occurrence of osteoporosis and reduce the risk of fractures.