Objective To investigate the role of oridonin in preventing skin graft rejection.Methods BALB/c mice were transplanted with skin grafts from C57BL/6 mice.Grafted mice were treated daily with oridonin,CsA and PBS,respectively.The survival of grafts was inspected daily and evaluated by histological analysis.On day 7 after transplantation,the percentage of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ cells (Treg) in the spleen was determined by flow cytometry.The effect of oridonin on MLR and apoptosis was examined in vitro.Naive BALB/c mice were intraperitonealy injected with oridonin (15 mg/kg/day).At different time points,the number of T cells and macrophages in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as the spleen was examined.Results The survival of skin grafts in the oridonin group (15.8 ± 1.5 days) was significantly longer than that in the control group (12.3 ± 1.2 days) and the CsA group (13.3 ± 1.1 days).Oridonin reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in grafts.The expression of Tregs was higher in the oridonin group (17.6 ± 3.6％) than in the control group (14.8 ± 2.3％).In vitro oridonin inhibited MLR and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.The number of T cells in PBMCs was rapidly decreased following oridonin treatment.With the depletion of T cells in PBMCs,high frequency of granulocytes was observed.On day 8,the number of T cells in the spleen was decreased,which was accompanied by increased phagocyte number.Conclusion Oridonin could suppress allograft rejection and prolong survival of skin grafts.The mechanism may be attributed to upregulation of Tregs and clearance of T cells.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hemodynamic parameters from quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pathological tumor differentiated grades. Methods Seventy-seven HCC lesions were examinated and off-line analyzed with dynamic images. Quantitative parameters such as slope of decrease to half of peak (SD), increased signal intensity (ISI), area under the curve (AUC) and blood flow coefficient (BF) were acquired, and the standardized values (sISI, sAUC and sBF) included the ratio of parameters from tumor to those from hepatic parenchyma. These quantitative parameters were correlated with tumor grades according to Edmonson criteria. Results There was significant difference (P＜0.05) of SD, AUC and BF, as well as standardized values (sISI, sAUC and sBF) between different grades of HCC. AUC, BF, sISI, sAUC and sBF were negative correlated with differentiated grades, respectively (P＜0.05). Well-differentiated HCC had significantly higher perfusion values than HCC of other grades (P＜0.05). Conclusion Quantitative analysis of CEUS can assess differentiation of HCC indirectly, and might reveal biological behavior of malignant tumors.

Objective To relatively prolong the length of C7 nerve through microanatomical study and carry out direct anastomosis between the end of avulsed nerve and contralateral C7. Methods Fifteen cadaveric specimens and 30 sides of the adult brachial plexus was dissected. The C7 nerve was confirmed and measured by using electric vernier caliper. Parameters as follow: the length of C7 nerve from root to trunk; the length of C7 nerve from root to division(anterior and posterior division); transverse and longitudinal diameter of C7 nerve in root site, combination site between trunk and division, end site of anterior and posterior division. After dissected the nerve adventitia of binding site between division and cord and cut the distal end of anterior and posterior division, the length of C7 nerve from root to division (anterior and posterior division)was measured again. Results The measured result of the length C7 nerve: the length of C7 from root to trunk: (45.87 ± 10.43)mm; Before micro-dissected, the length of C7 from root to anterior division: (61.14 ±13.44)mm; the length of C7 from root to posterior division: (54.63 ± 11.35)mm after micro-dissected, the length of C7 from root to anterior division: (74.67±12.86)mm; the length of C7 from root to posterior division:(68.73± 11.86)mm; the prolonged length of anterior division: (13.15± 4.26)mm; the prolonged length of posterior division: (14.21 ± 6.98)mm. Conclusion Through dessecting the adventitia of binding site of division (anterior and posterior division) and cord of C7 nerve. The length of C7 nerve can be relatively prolonged.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) in quantitative assessment of angiogenesis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Thirtythree patients with HCCs confirmed by pathology underwent CEUS in one week preoperatively.The presets and contrast dosage were fixed in all the studies.The new quantitative software with GAMMA fitting technique was used to analyze the dynamic images offline.The quantitative parameters such as baseline intensity,increased signal intensity(ASI),decent curvature(a2),up slope rate(a3),arrive time(AT), time to peak(TTP), accelerate time(ACT),peak intensity(PI),and area under curve(AREA) were calculated.The pathological specimen was stained with CD34 antibady and microvessel density (MVD) was calculated automatically.The correlation between parameters of CEUS and MVD was analyzed statistically.Results The parameters of ASI, a2, a3, AT, TTP, PI and ACT in the tumor were significantly different from those in liver parenehyma ( P＜0.01 ).The value of a2 in the tumor was correlated with MVD, the standardized ASI and AREA were correlated with MVD (P＜0.05).Conclusions The quantitative analysis with CEUS reflects the microvascular perfusion flow objectively.It provides a noninvasive imaging method to assess the angiogenesis in HCCs.

Objective To explore the related factors of anxiety and gloomy mentality people aged 60-80 years and investigate the effectiue methods to intervention.Methods A follow-up study was proportional and carried out in Xicheng district of Beijing.Multi-phase,stratified,unequal cluster sampling was adopted to investigate old people in 2011 with WHO-QOL,Memorial University of Newfoundl and Scale of Happiness,Social Support Rating Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale.2342 old people were randomly divided into control group and trial group.The trial group received health education,community social support,lightening the psychological stress in face to face,psychology guiding and group discussion.The control group received general observation only.Results Among 2342 old people,126 (5.3％) obtained anxiety and 201(8.6％) had gloomy mentality.The anxiety in the elderly was significantly related to age,marriment,culture,job,family type,family relationship,housing,income,medical insurance,retirement type,reading,keeping pets,character,training,feeling adjusting,life quality,subjective well-being,social support,depression (all P ＜ 0.05).The depression in the elderly was significantly related to gender,marriment,culture,job,family type,family relationship,housing,income,medical insurance,retirement type,reading,watching plays,character,feeling adjusting,drinking,training,life quality,subjective well-being,social support,anxiety (all P＜0.05).Scores of two groups had no significant difference before intervention.The change in scores of anxiety and depression in the trial group was obviously lower than in control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions The anxiety and gloomy mentality are common in old people aged 60-80 years in Xicheng District,which independently associated with related factors such as life quality,subjective well-being,social support and so on.After 6 months of treatment,the scores of anxiety and depression in the trial group is obviously lower than in control group.

Objective To investigate the quality of life on brachial plexus injury patients in crosssectional study method and acquire related data. To analysis the effect factors and try to study on the methods which help to improve the quality of life of these patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study that measures quality of life of the brachial plexus injury patients in China. Methods Research participants completed the Chinese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF) and the 5-items version of International Index of Erectile Dysfunction Questionnaire (IIEF-5) for male.Data were typed into computer and analyzed with SPSS version 13.0. Correlations between domain scores and hospital stay, age, and family monthly income variables were analyzed with Spearman non-parameter correlation analysis. Results Fifty-one valid questionnaires were retrieved. The average score of these patients in physical, psychological, environment domains were 11.47 ± 2.36, 12.37 ± 2.28 and 11.62 ± 2.22, respectively. They were significantly lower than the norm groups in national studies which were 15.8 ± 2.9, 14.3 ±2.5 and 13.2 ± 2.4 (P ＜ 0.01 ). The average score of IIEF-5 was ( 17.83 ± 4.65), significantly lower than the normal score of 22 (P ＜ 0.01 ). Significant correlation was found among physical domain and age(P ＜ 0.05),family monthly income (P ＜ 0.05) and IIEF-5 score(P ＜ 0.01). Psychological domain also has significant correlation with IIEF-5 score (P ＜ 0.05) and so does environment domain with family monthly income (P ＜0.05). Conclusion Brachial plexus injury patients showed a reduction in quality of life scores. Even though the physical aspect was the most affected, there is evidence that the psychological, environmental domains and erectile function remained far from the ideal conditions expected for the general population. The effect factors are complex and there still remain much work to do.

Objective To explore the clinical classification of the brachial plexus root injury in adult.MethodsAll 155 cases of adult brachial plexus root injury in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,were collected and analyzed on their characteristic,operative methods,and clinical outcome so as to find the distribution and incidence of different type of brachial plexus root injury and set up the clinical classification of adult brachial plexus root injury.ResultsBrachial plexus root injuries in adult could be classified into three types and seven subtypes.Type A is upper brachial plexus root injury,including type AⅠ (C5,C6 completely avulsion or rupture injury,with/without phrenic nerve injury),type AⅡ (C5-C7 completely injury),and type AⅢ (C5-C7 completely injury accompanied with C8,T1 incompletely injury).Type B is lower brachial plexus root injury,including type BⅠ[ C8,T1 (with/without C7)completely injury ] and type BⅡ (C8,T1,C7 completely injury,accompanied with C5、6 incompletely injury).Type C is total brachial plexus root injury,including type CⅠ(C5-T1 completely root avulsion) and type CⅡ(C7-T1 root avulsion accompanied with C5、6 root or trunkrupture).For the cases of every type,u pper brachial plexus root injury type A have 86 cases,in which type AⅠ 6 cases,type AⅡ 27 cases and type AⅢ 53 cases; lower brachial plexus root injury type B have 6 cases,in which type BⅠ 2 cases and type BⅡ 4 cases; total brachial plexus root injury type C have 63 cases,in which type CⅠ 51 cases and type CⅡ 12 cases. ConclusionExcept the upper,lower,and total three types,brachial plexus root injuries in adult could be classified further into seven subtypes.The distribution of different type of adult brachial plexus root injury is overbalance:upper type A (55.5％) is more often seen,total type C(40.6％) followed and lower type B(3.9％) is the least seen.In upper brachial plexus root injury,type AⅢ(61.6％) is more often seen,type AⅡ(31.4％) followed and type AⅠ(7％) is less seen.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of MR imaging(MRI)in diagosing of obstetrical brachial plexus.MethodsBetween September 2006 to September 2011,eighteen cases (12 males and 6 females)of obstetrical brachial plexus injury had being used for investigation,aging from 2 month to 3 years, average of 10.6 month. Eight left side and 10 right side. Tassin Ⅰ was 4 cases,Tassin Ⅱ was 6 eases, Tassin Ⅲwas 5 eases, Tassin Ⅳ was 4 cases. All cases were performed to MRI test before operating and the result compare with finding during operating. ResultsFindings of MRI:pseudomeningocele was in 13 of the 18cases while 10 of the 15 patients had multiple pseudomeningoceles. Displacement of spinal cord was in 6 cases; Normal was 2 cases; thickening of nerve root was in 2 cases.ConclusionMR imaging is an effective tool for demonstrating lesions of the brachial plexus worthy of surgical exploration.

Objective To explore the clinical design and therapeutic effect of total root avulsion of brachial plexus by contralateral C_7 nerve transfer for directly repairing C_8T_1 via prespinal route combined with functioning gracilis transplantation. Methods Twelve cases of total roots avulsion of brachial plexus were operated at 1 month to 3 months after injury.The contralateral C_7 nerve was successfully transferred to directly repair avulsed C_8T_1 roots or lower trunk via prespinal route.At 2nd operation stage after 4 to 8 months,the functioning gracills transplantation was preformed to reconstruct the elbow flexion and fingers extension. Results Follow-ups were carried out in all 12 cases who had been discharged for 9 to 36 months after the first operation.The positive Tinel signs of ulnar or median nerves were located in the proximal arm at 3 months after 1st operation,in the elbow or proximal forarm at 6 months,and in the wrist or distal forarm at 9 months.At 12 months the positive Tinel signs were found in the plam or fingers in 9 cases.The contraction of sternocostal part of pectoralis major was found at 9 mooths in 7 cases.There were the restoration of the taction-pain sensation in the palm, finger, and medial side of forearm and the contraction of flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum(M_3)in 5 cases at 15 to 18 months after 1st operation.In 7 patients the flexion of elbow and extension of fingers and thumb restored at 9 to 12 months after the 2nd operation.Their elbow flexion was 90°-120°and M_3(Highet's method),and their finger and thumb extension M_3. Conclusion There is the possibility of the operative design and clinical application of total root avulsion of brachial plexus by contralateral C_7 nerve transfer for directly repairing C_8T_1 via prespinal route combined with functioning gracilis transplantation.There are not only the restoration of sensation and flexion of wrist and fingers,but also the restoration of elbow flexion and fingers extension.

Objective To investigate the effects of curcumin on the growth and apoptosis of human hepatoma HCC-LM3 cells and explore the molecular mechanisms.Methods The human hepatoma HCC-LM3 cells were treated with different concentrations of curcumin and the cell growth inhibition rate was detected by CCK-8.The effect of curcumin on human hepatoma HCC-LM3 cells was observed.Refer to the relevant literature,the human hepatoma HCC-LM3 cells were treated with the concentration of 2.5,5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0,40.0,60.0 μmol/L of curcumin for 48 hours,taking the 0 μmol/L curcumin as control group,and the cell growth inhibition rate was detected by CCK-8.According to the results of CCK-8,selecting the concentration of 0 μmol/L as control group and the concentration of 10.0,20.0,40.0 μmol/L as experimental groups,which has significant difference on growth inhibition rates.Cell cloning assay was used to detect cell cloning ability,Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis,and Western blotting to detect the protein expression levels of Mcl-1,Bax,Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.The measurement data were expressed in ((x) ± s),and the single factor analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups.Results CCK-8 assay showed that with treated by the concentration of 2.5,5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0,40.0,60.0 μmol/L,the growth inhibition rates were(6.71 ± 3.45)％,(12.33 ± 5.02)％,(20.07 ± 5.60)％,(57.80 ±7.34)％,(78.37 ±6.53)％,(91.73 ±6.14)％ and (96.18 ±3.45)％,suggesting that curcumin could inhibit the growth of human hepatoma HCC-LM3 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Cell clone formation experiment showed that curcumin could inhibit the clone of the human hepatoma HCC-LM3 cells,and the clone of the cells was inhibited significantly when the concentration of the curcumin was over 20.0μmol/L.The result of Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining analysis showed that the apoptotic rates of experimental groups and control groups were (5.20 ± 1.44) ％,(9.90 ± 3.31) ％,(55.67 ± 5.29) ％,(79.63 ±4.71)％,with all the apoptotic rates of experimental group over the control groups (P ＜0.05),suggesting curcumin could induce the apoptosis of human hepatoma HCC-LM3 cells.The Westen blotting showed that curcumin increased the expression of Bax protein while decreasing expression of Mcl-1 protein significantly in concentration-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05),but have no effect on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins.Conclusion Curcumin could inhibit the proliferation and clone of human hepatoma HCC-LM3 cells,and induce apoptosis in a dose dependent manner.