[Objective] To explore the in-vitro determination method for the recovery rate of sinomenine in microdialysis probe and to investigate the influencing factors. [Methods] The recovery rate of sinomenine was detected by concentration difference method (by gain and by loss) and zero-net flux method. [Results] The recovery rate detected by increment method was as the same as that by decrement method; the recovery rate had no correlation with the sinomenine concentration in the solvent. Sinomenine recovery assessed by concentration difference method had a good intra-day stability and intra-day reproducibility. Sinomenine concentration and recovery in the solvent could be determined accurately by zero-net flux method. [ Conclusion ] Microdialysis sampling can be used for the pharmacokinetic study of sinomenine and decrement method (ie. retrodialysis) can be used for the determination of recovery rate of sinomenine.

Objective To investigate the effect of Fas and FasL abnormal expression on immune escape mechanism of renal cell carcinoma(RCC). Methods The expression of Fas and FasL was detected in 44 cases of RCC and 10 cases of normal kidney tissue by immunohistochemical method. Tumor infiltrating T lymphocyte's apoptosis in 44 cases of RCC was examined by TUNEL assay. FCM was used to detect the expression of Fas and FasL as well as apoptosis in RCC cell line 786-0. In addition, the apoptosis of Jurkat T cell with Fas exprssion was also analysed with FCM. Results Fas expression rate (22.8%) in RCC was significantly lower than that (53.8%) in normal kidney tissue(P

Objective To test the effects of restuscitation with air or oxygen on the blood gas and cerebral superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration in neonatal rats with experimental intrauterine asphyxia. Method Seventy-seven neonatal rats were randomly (random number) divided into three experimental groups: sham operation group (SHAM), air resuscitation group (AR), and oxygen resuscitation group (OR). In groups AR and OR, animal models of intrauterine asphyxia were established and then resuscitated with air (AR) or oxygen (OR) for 30min. Comparison was made between groups including the mortality 0 hour after resuscitation, and the levels of blood gas and cerebral SOD concentrations 0 h, 6 h and 24 h after resuscitation. Results Mortality of neonatal rats in SHAM group, AR group and OR group were 0 (0/24), 0 (0/26) and 3.7% (1/27), respectively (P ＞0.05). The average levels of blood PaO2 in OR group and AR group 0 h after resuscitation were (69.2 ± 8.2)mmHg and (55.5±10.3) mmHg,respectively (P=0.004). Blood pH and PaCO2 and BE levels in OR group 0 h after resuscitation were not significantly different from those in AR group (P＞0.05). Blood pH, PO2, PCO2and BE levels in OR group were also not significantly different from those in AR group 6 h and 24 hours after resuscitation. The average concentrations of cerebral SOD in OR group 0 h and 6 hours after resucitation were (38.3±9.8) U/mgprot and (8.6±3.6) U/mgprot, and those in AR group were (53.8± 10.6) U/mgprot and (13.0±4.6) U/mgprot, respectively (P = 0.003, 0.04). The cerebral SOD concentration in OR group 24 hours after resuscitation was not significantly different from that in AR group (P＞0.05). The cerebral SOD concentrations in SHAM group 0 h,6 h and 24 hours after resuscitation were much higher than those in OR group and AR group (P＜0.05). Conclusions Resuscitation with air is as good as pure oxygen in neonatal resuscitation, in respect of early mortality and improvement of acidosis in neonatal rats after intrauterine asphyxia. Resuscitation with air will generate less radical oxygen species than pure oxygen in neonatal rats after intrauterine asphyxia.

To understand the degree of local medical students' clinical practice skills, evaluate teaching achievements and reveal weaknesses by analyzing the test papers and grades, so as to provide scientific advices for reform in clinical education.

Objective To study the expression of human papillomavirus ( HPV) and ATM protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and discuss the correlation among the expression and its prognosis Method The expression of HPV16/18 mRNA was detected by PCR , and the expression of ATM proteins by immunohistochemical method in 63 LSCC specimens and 30 specimens of normal tissue adjacent to cancer. Results The positive expression rates of HPV16 /18 and ATM protein in LSCC group were 39.7% (25 /63) and 41. 3% (26 /63) respectively and those of HPV16 /18 and ATM protein in normal group were 9.5% ( 6/63 ) and 83.3% (25 /30) respectively. There was no correlation between the expression of ATM and HPV16/18 in LSCC. The accumulative 5-year survival rates of HPV16/18 positive group and HPV16/18 negative group in 63 patients were 69.8% and 52.6% respectively ,and there was no significant difference (P> 0.05. The accumulative 5-year survival rates of ATM positive group and ATM negative group in 63 patients were 65.4%and 45.9% respectively and there was no significant difference (P>0.05. Conclusion Both HPV16/18 and ATM are abnormally expressed in LSCC , but there is no correlation between the expression of HPV16/18 and ATM and the expression and its prognosis.

Genetic bistable systems are a large class of important biological systems. Bistability, the capacity to achieve two distinct stable steady states in response to a set of external stimuli, arises within biological systems ranging from the ? phage switch in bacteria to cellular signal transduction pathways in mammalian cells. On the other hand, the increasing experimental evidence in the form of bimodal population distribution has indicated that noise plays a very key role in the switching of bistable systems. However, the physiological mechanism underling noise-induced switching behaviors has not been well explored yet. In the previous work, it has been showed that noise can induce coherent switch for a single genetic Toggle switch system. Here the influence of several kinds of noises (including intracellular and extracellular noises) on synchronized switch was investigated for a multicell gene toggle switch network system. It has been found that multiplicative noises resulting from fluctuations of either synthesis or degradation rates and the additive noise within each cell (they altogether are called as intracellular noises) all can induce the synchronized switch, and that there exists an optimal noise intensity such that the synchronized switch is optimally achieved and the amplification factor has the maximal value. On the other hand, the extracellular noises arising from the stochastic fluctuation of the cellular environment, not only brings about the synchronized switch, but also enhances it by suppressing intracellular fluctuations when the intracellular noises are not enough to induce the synchronized switch. Finally, the influence of the diffusive rate of signal molecules affected by noise on the dynamics of the multicellular system was also investigated, showing that the larger the diffusive rate, the better the synchronized switch and the larger the amplification factor.

OBJECTIVE To survey the distribution of the pathogenic microorganisms in biles collected from cholelithiasis patients and their susceptibility to antibiotics,to guide the selection of reasonable antibiotics.METHODS Totally 546 bile samples were cultured and tested for antibiotics susceptibility.RESULTS Bacteria were cultured from 332 samples with a positive rate of 60.81%,the first three were Escherichia coli(32.96%),Enterococcus faecalis(12.74%),and Klebsiella pneumoniae(9.97%).The pathogenic microorganisms were more sensitive to the third and fourth generation cephalosporins,antibiotic/?lactamase inhibitor combination,carbopenems and aminoglycosides antibiotics,while less sensitive to the first and second generation cephalosporins,penicillins,macrolide antibiotics and fluoroquinolones.CONCLUSIONS The pathogenic microorganisms in bile are very various,E.coli,E.faecalis and K.pneumoniae are usually cultured,fungous and anaerobic infections cannot be ignored.Doctors should pay more attention to analyze the bacterial resistance profile and use the antibiotics properly.

Objective To explore the clinical value when treating cervical cancer of supplementing radiotherapy with hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Methods Fifty-eight cervical cancer patients were randomly divided into 2 groups; the HBO group (n=28) received radiotherapy combined with hyperbaric oxygen treatment; a control group (n = 30) received only radiotherapy. Results The complete response rate (CR) of the HBO group was 75.0% , the partial response rate (PR) was 7.1% ,the effective rate(CR + PR) was 92.8% , the total 3 year survival rate was 71.4% , the local recurrence rate was 10.7% , and all of these results were significantly different from the controls (P

To study the role of vein tubulation in the facial nerve regeneration. Methods:Twelve male adult SD rats were divided randomly into vein tubulation group,nerve graft group and normalcontrol group- The facial nerve trunks were cut and grafted' Three months p0stoperation, the distributionand variation of the fascicles were observed under light microscope. Fascicular area,axon number and axondensity were gauged and caculated. Results:Within the vein chamber, the regenerating nerve consisted ofmany fascicles. In the nerve graft, there was a major fascicle surrounded by many small fascicles. Thenormal facial nerve trunk had only one fascicle. Among 3 groups, the fascicular area and axon number ofthe nerve graft were largest, but the axon density had no significant difference. Conclusion: The micr0en-vironment in vein chamber may be beneficial to growth of regenerating axons.

72 cases of treatments on insomnia were recorded in the medical books of Ming and Qing dynasties(A.D.1368～1911 years).The compatibility regularity of treating insomnia in these 72 cases were statistically analyzed with frequency and the R type cluster analysis methods. Combining the data and modern recognition, compatibility and medication regularity of treating insomnia was further analyzed.