OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of eating on pharmacokinetics of ethanesulfonic acid levofloxacin tablets.METHODS: The blood concentration of 10 healthy male subjects were determined by HPLC after receiving single oral dose of 200mg ethanesulfonic acid levofloxacin both before and after eating by randomized crossover way.The data processing was conducted with 3p97 software so as to figure out the pharmacokinetic parameters.RESULTS: The plasma concentration-time curves of the subjects after administration of drugs were in conformity with two-compartment model.The respective main pharmacokinetic parameters of the eating group and the empty stomach group were as follows: Cmax were (1.91?0.36)mg/L and(2.16?0.69) mg/L; AUC0～t were (14.14?2.32)(mg?h)/L and(14.40?3.11)(mg?h)/L; t1/2? were(6.59?1.66)h and(6.94?0.81 )h.CONCLUSION: Neither eating nor empty stomach has effect on the pharmacokinetics of ethanesulfonic acid levofloxacin tablets.

One hundred and fifty-one type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease ( T2 DMC) and 142 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were included for analyzing the influence of different glucose-lowering rates on MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CKMB) and muscle hemoglobin level changes to search for the rational glucose-lowering rate.The level of CKMB in type 2 deabetes mellitus group was significantly lower( P＜0.05 ) at follow-up than that before and after intensive therapy.In type 2 diabetes mellitus group,when the fasting or postprandial glucose-lowering rate was not greater than 6 mmol· L-1 · d-1,the level of CKMB and muscle hemoglobin were significantly lower at follow-up than that before intensive therapy ( P＜0.05 ).When the fasting glucose-lowering rate is greater than 6 mmol· L-1 · d-1,the level of CKMB is significantly higher after intensive therapy than that before glucose-lowering ( P＜0.05 ).In T2DMC group,when the fasting or postprandial glucose-lowering rate was not greater than 4 mmol· L-1 · d-1,the level of CKMB and muscle hemoglobin was significantly lower at follow-up than that before intensive therapy(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ),buthigher at follow-up when the fasting glucose-lowering rate was greater than 4 mmol· L-1 · d-1(P＜0.05).

Objective To investigate various types and quantities of fetal cells getting into peripheral blood of pregnant women and immune status related to pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome (PIH) and analyze the etiology of PIH.Methods (1) Three markers of fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) in normal pregnant women(n=43)and PIH patients (n=39)were measured by flow cytometry: CD71,HbF/iAg and HbF/CA.(2)We detected the levels of sub-groups of lymphocytes and some plasma cytokines.such as TNF-α and IL-6.The blood samples were from normal pregnant subjects and patients of PIH.Results In the peripheral blood of patients of PIH and normal pregnant subjects,(1) The quantities of fetal cells using three different methods in PIH [6.56(11.37)%、0.09(0.16)%、0.06(0.11)%]were significantly different from normal pregnant subjects[1.58(3.35)%、0.04(0.08)%、0.02(0.06)%],Z= -5.31,-2.97,-4.13 respectively,P＜0.01.(2)Except CD8,the levels of CD3 (76.4±8.5)%,CD4(42.6±6.4)%,CD4/CD8(1.5±0.4)%,CD19(10.5±3.9)%,CD16/CD56 (12.2±7.7)%,TNF-α (1.4 ±0.6)μg/L and IL-6(89.6±12.9)μg/L in PIH were significantly different from normal pregnant subjects[CD3(70.4±8.3)%,CD4(35.3±6.9)%,CD4/CD8(1.2±0.4)%,CD19(8.2±2.8)%,CD16/CD56(20.5±8.9)%,TNF-α(0.5±0.2)μg/L and IL-6(22.0±5.7)μg/L,respectively,P＜0.001].There were no significant differences observed in the level of CD8(P＞0.05).Conclusion The increment of fNRBCs getting into peripheral blood of pregnant women and associated immune status were implicated in the development of PIH.

Objective To compare the changes of high sensitive-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and cardiac troponin Ⅰ ( cTn Ⅰ ) levels before and after intensive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes,and to find out the reasonable glucose-lowering rate.Methods One hundred and thirty-two cases of type 2 diabetes( T2DM group) and 135 cases of type 2 diabetes with coronary heart disease( T2DM+CHD group) received intensive therapy.After testing hs-CRP and cTn Ⅰ levels,the variations were analyzed.Results The ranges of the change in cTn Ⅰ and hs-CRP levels were different under four glucose-lowering rates in the T2DM+CHD group( P＜0.05 ).cTn Ⅰ and hs-CRP levels were higher than those before intensive therapy in the T2DM+CHD group with glucose-lowering rate greater than 4.0mmol· L-1 · d-1.The other two subgroups with glucose-lowering rate less than 4.0 mmol· L-1 · d-1 showed decreased cTn Ⅰ and hs-CRP levels.While at the end of 3 months follow-up,cTn Ⅰ and hs-CRP levels were all significantly lower than those before intensive therapy in four subgroups ( P＜0.05 ).Conclusions The increase of cardiovascular events after intensive therapy may be due to excessively fast glucose-lowering rate.The reasonable glucose-lowering rate for patients with type 2 diabetes should depend on whether there is accompanying coronary heart disease.For type 2 diabetes with coronary heart disease,excessively fast glucose-lowering rate could lead to acute rise ofcTn Ⅰ and hs-CRP levels,which causes myocardial injury.The mechanism of myocardial injury resulted from excessively fast glucose-lowering rate may be due to activation of the inflammatory pathway.In type 2 diabetes with coronary heart disease,long-term good control of blood glucose could alleviate inflammatory response and cardiac damage resulted from excessively fast glucose-lowering rate.

Objective:Selected virulence factors more than and high virulent Aeromonas hydrophia strain made into inactivated vaccine,to study the immunization effect of inactivated vaccine.Methods:Crucian were vaccinated with formalin-killed vaccine via in-traperitoneal injection.Controls were injected with the same volumes of saline.Then the antibody titres, histopathology and relative percent survival were analyzed from samples of both groups.Results: The antibody in the indirect agglutination reaction could be detected in vaccinated fish once a weeks after immunization and reached highest level 6 weeks after immunization.The histopathology analysis indicated that the vaccine had a good protective effect on crucian target organs.Vaccinated fish showed 100%relative percent survival and the immune period would be 6 month.Conclusion:The vaccine in this study has a significant protective effect on crucian and may be used as effective fish vaccines against bacterial septicemia.

Objective To explore the influence of glucose-lowering rate on left ventricular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods One hundred and thirty-two cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 135 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus with coronary heart disease (T2DM+CHD)received intensive glucose lowering therapy. Then, after measuring left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and E/A ratio, the variation was analyzed. Results LVEF was significantly higher than that before intensive therapy in T2DMsubgroup with glucose-lowering rate less than 6 m mol · L-1 · d-1( P＜0.05 ). So was T2DM+CHD subgroup with glucose-lowering rate less than 4 mmol· L-1 · d-1 (P＜0.05). LVEF was significantly lower than that before intensive therapy in T2DM+CHD subgroup with glucose-lowering rate greater than 4 mmol · L-1 · d-1( P＜0. 05 ),while by the end of following up for 3 months, LVEF stepped up and no significant difference was observed between subgroups ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). The E/A ratio stepped up in both subgroups after intensive therapy ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Conclusions For T2DM patients with coronary heart disease, excessively fast glucose-lowering rate may impair left ventricular function. Long-term good control of blood glucose restores the impaired left ventricular function causes by excessively fast glucose-lowering rate. After intensive therapy, left ventricular diastolic function finally improves in both subgroups regardless of the glucose-lowering rate and coronary heart disease.

Objective: To investigate the presence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA and HEV antigen (HEV-Ag) and to evaluate the infectivity of HEV in urine through a SPF rabbit model of HEV infection. Methods: Serum, fecal and urine samples collected from SPF rabbits with HEV infection were tested for viral and biochemical markers using real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. Liver and kidney biopsies were performed for observing histopathological changes and immunohistochemical staining. Rabbits were challenged with HEV isolated in urine samples to evaluate the infectivity. Results: Rabbit R1# that was injected with rabbit HEV presented viremia, fecal shedding of HEV, high serum level of HEV-Ag, elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and typical symptoms of hepatitis. Urine samples of rabbit R1# continued to be positive for HEV RNA and HEV-Ag. Ratios of HEV-Ag to RNA in urine samples of rabbit R1# were significantly higher than those in serum and feces samples. The parameters quantified in routine urinalysis remained within the normal ranges in rabbit R1#. However, pathological changes and the presence of HEV-Ag were observed in kidney tissues. Furthermore, serum and fecal samples that were collected from one of the two rabbits injected with rabbit R1# urine-derived HEV were HEV positive and the virus strains isolated form feces remained infective to rabbits. Conclusion HEV infection may result in kidney injury and the urine may pose a risk of transmission. HEV-Ag detection in urine may be valuable for the diagnosis of ongoing HEV infection.

Objective:To evaluate the various wire tension belt ventral compression wiring technologiesfor treating several types of femoral greater trochanter fractures in total hip replacement, according to the different types of greater trochanter of femur fractures.Methods:From March 2013 to June 2019, a total of 1 280 cases of primary total hip arthroplasty were completed in our hospital, 21 patients with greater trochanter fractures were identified in total hip replacement. There were 11 males and 10 females with an average age of 65.81±6.45 years (range 42-76 years). All of them were unilateral. There were 11 cases on the left and 10 cases on the right. There were 11 cases of osteoarthritis secondary to hip dysplasia, 4 cases of hip osteoarthritis, 4 cases of aseptic necrosis of femoral head and 2 cases of femoral neck fracture. Different wire tension belt ventral compression wiring technologies were used for each fracture type. Harris hip function score, Parker activity score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of hip pain were evaluated during follow-up. X-ray films were taken to evaluate the fracture healing, prosthesis position, loosening and dislocation.Results:Three new fracture types were proposed: A transverse fracture from the greater trochanter tip to the base (4 cases); B oblique fracture from the greater trochanter tip to the base (according to the fracture line direction, type B was further divided into types B1 (4 cases) and B2 (6 cases); and C fracture line from the greater trochanter to subtrochanteric plane (7 cases). Among the 21 patients, one died at an early stage, two were lost during follow-up, and 18 were followed up for an average of 30.7±7.6 months. In 18 patients, the mean operation time was 110.0±20.0 min, and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 356.9±115.7 ml. The patients' Harris score was 35.26±5.52 at the preoperative, 65.7±6.42 at the 3 months after operation, and 87.75±6.21 at the final follow-up. The difference was statistically significant ( F=377.23, P<0.001). The patients' Parker score was 2.17±0.98 at the preoperative, 5.94±1.11 at the 3 months after operation,and 8.01±0.77 at the final follow-up. The difference was statistically significant ( F=170.96, P<0.001). The patients' VAS score was 6.22±1.11 at the preoperative, 2.61±0.92 at the 3 months after operation, and 1.28±0.67 at the final follow-up. The difference was statistically significant ( F=139.71, P<0.001). Deep vein embolism, heterotopic ossification was noted in one and another patient, respectively. The patient with non-union refused reoperation and had a broken steel wire, lower-limb limp, and no notable pain at the 12-month follow-up examination. Radiographs of 17 patients showed good location of the femoral prosthesis and no chronic pain. Conclusion:Different types of greater trochanter fractures in total hip arthroplasty were proposed, using different wire tension belt ventral compression wiring technologies for the various types of femoral greater trochanter fractures during total hip replacement can improve clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVETo assess complement-mediated myocardial injury on isolated guinea pig working hearts and cardioprotective effects of CD59.

METHODSUsing a modified Langendorff apparatus, isolated guinea-pig working hearts were perfused with a modified Krebs Henseleit buffer containing 3% heat-inactivated human plasma and zymosan (IPZ) (control) (n = 10), 3% normal human plasma and zymosan (NPZ) (n = 10), or 3% normal human plasma and zymosan and 1.5 microg/ml CD59 (NPZC) (n = 10), respectively. Epicardial electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac output (CO), coronary arterial flow (CF), maximum left ventricular developed pressure (LVP(max)), maximum left ventricular developed pressure increase rate (+ dp/dt(max)), maximum left ventricular developed pressure decrease rate (- dp/dt(max)) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min of treatment. After the experiment, immunohistochemical examination was performed to detect the presence of C3a or C5b-9 in the myocardium of the isolated hearts.

RESULTSCompared the IPZ group, hearts treated with NPZ showed a slight depression on ST segments of epicardial ECG at 15 min, a significant elevation between 30 min to 60 min, a decrease in CF, CO, LVP(max), + dp/dt(max) and - dp/dt(max), and an increase in HR at 15 min. The observed alterations in CF, CO, LVP(max), + dp/dt(max) and - dp/dt(max) remained decreased, while the HR remained increased until the end of the protocol. The all above parameters of hearts treated with NPZC were similar to the control group (IPZ) at any given time. Immunohistochemical examination showed positive signals of C3a and C5b-9 in the myocardium of hearts treated with NPZ. C3a was positive in NPZC, and C3a and C5b-9 were negative in IPZ.

CONCLUSIONSActivated human complements directly damage isolated guinea pig working hearts, and CD59 offers a significant protection against the injuries.

Animals ; CD59 Antigens ; pharmacology ; Complement C3a ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Complement Inactivator Proteins ; pharmacology ; Electrocardiography ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors

We proposed a new stitching method based on sift features to obtain an enlarged view of transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images with a high resolution. The sift features were extracted from the images, which were then combined with fitted polynomial correction field to correct the images, followed by image alignment based on the sift features. The image seams at the junction were finally removed by Poisson image editing to achieve seamless stitching, which was validated on 60 local glomerular TEM images with an image alignment error of 62.5 to 187.5 nm. Compared with 3 other stitching methods, the proposed method could effectively reduce image deformation and avoid artifacts to facilitate renal biopsy pathological diagnosis.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Kidney Glomerulus ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; methods