Objective:To explore the influence of fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE) in the proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and the degradation of extracellular matrix(ECM)under high sugar stimulation, and to clarify the prevention and treatment effects of FRGE on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the possible mechanism.Methods:The rat GMCs were cultured and divided into normal concentration of D-glucose (NG) group, high concentration of D-glucose (HG) group and high concentration of D-glucose plus different concentrations (3.75, 7.50, 15.00 mg·L-1) of FRGE groups. The proliferation rates of rat GMCs were detected with MTT,and the type Ⅳcollagen(Col Ⅳ) levels in supernatants of the GMCs were detected by ELISA. The protein expressions levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) were detected with Western blotting m ethod.Results:Compared with NG group, the proliferation rate of GMCs in HG group was increased(P<0.01), the Col Ⅳ level was increased(P<0.01),the MMP-2 expression level was decreased, and the TIMP-2 expression level was up-regulated(P<0.01).Compared with HG group, the proliferation rates of GMCs in various FRGE groups were decreased(P<0.01), the Col Ⅳ levels were decreased(P<0.01),the expression levels of TIMP-2 were reduced(P<0.01),and the expression levels of MMP-2 were increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:FRGE can inhibit the proliferation of rat GMCs induced by high sugar and promote the ECM degradation to delay the occurrence and development of DN.

Objective To compare the changes of high sensitive-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and cardiac troponin Ⅰ ( cTn Ⅰ ) levels before and after intensive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes,and to find out the reasonable glucose-lowering rate.Methods One hundred and thirty-two cases of type 2 diabetes( T2DM group) and 135 cases of type 2 diabetes with coronary heart disease( T2DM+CHD group) received intensive therapy.After testing hs-CRP and cTn Ⅰ levels,the variations were analyzed.Results The ranges of the change in cTn Ⅰ and hs-CRP levels were different under four glucose-lowering rates in the T2DM+CHD group( P＜0.05 ).cTn Ⅰ and hs-CRP levels were higher than those before intensive therapy in the T2DM+CHD group with glucose-lowering rate greater than 4.0mmol· L-1 · d-1.The other two subgroups with glucose-lowering rate less than 4.0 mmol· L-1 · d-1 showed decreased cTn Ⅰ and hs-CRP levels.While at the end of 3 months follow-up,cTn Ⅰ and hs-CRP levels were all significantly lower than those before intensive therapy in four subgroups ( P＜0.05 ).Conclusions The increase of cardiovascular events after intensive therapy may be due to excessively fast glucose-lowering rate.The reasonable glucose-lowering rate for patients with type 2 diabetes should depend on whether there is accompanying coronary heart disease.For type 2 diabetes with coronary heart disease,excessively fast glucose-lowering rate could lead to acute rise ofcTn Ⅰ and hs-CRP levels,which causes myocardial injury.The mechanism of myocardial injury resulted from excessively fast glucose-lowering rate may be due to activation of the inflammatory pathway.In type 2 diabetes with coronary heart disease,long-term good control of blood glucose could alleviate inflammatory response and cardiac damage resulted from excessively fast glucose-lowering rate.

Objective To study on whitening and anti -aging effect of ginseng saponin and its safety.Methods Whitening effect:using vitamin C as the control drug, the inhibition rate of tyrosinase was determined.Anti senescence effect: the aging model of D-was established, and the DPPH was applied to the skin of the rat's neck, and the drug was prepared by 2 times a day.Skin safety evaluation: the skin changes of the skin of the ginseng saponins were observed after the skin was given ginseng saponin and control drugs.Results When the concentration of ginsenoside was 7 mg/mL, the inhibition rate order was, the water solution of vitamin C >ginsenoside nano >ginsenoside aqueous solution ; In the aging model, the surface of the elastic fibers and the skin surface was parallel to the skin, but the elastic fibers were arranged in a more tortuous and non parallel to the skin;DPPH free radical scavenging effect order was, Vitamin C aqueous solution>ginsenoside nano>ginsenoside aqueous solution, and with the dosage of ginsenoside increasing, the efficiency of ginsenoside DPPH scavenging free radical increased significantly;Skin safety evaluation results showed that ginseng saponin nanometer milk smeared skin, no redness, irritation and other phenomena occured.Conclusion Ginseng saponin nanometer milk has obvious whitening effect, and can not cause damage to the skin, is safe and reliable.

Objective To discuss the application effect of zero OT-U type bionics urine bag in neurology critically ill patients to reduce the indwelling catheterization complications. Methods A total of 50 cases of critically ill patients with indwelling catheter were chosen from July 2014 to May 2015. They were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 25 cases in each group according to the time of admission. The control group used common urine bags and the experimental group adopted bionics urine bag. The excessive urine, urinary tract infection, incontinence associated dermatitis, the time with indwelling urinary catheter,replacing the urine tube to urinate in two groups were compared. Results The rate of excessive urine, urinary tract infection, incontinence associated dermatitis and the time with indwelling urinary catheter in the experimental group were 12%(3/25), 4%(1/25), 32%(8/25) and (10.120 ±3.295) days, while the results were 84%(21/25), 48%(12/25), 80%(20/25) and (28.040±9.480) days in the control group, the differences were different (χ2=27.931,7.741, 7.018, t=8.927, P<0.01). The cases of voluntary micturition, induced micturition and secondary catheterization were 17, 5 and 3, and the results in the control group were 3, 12 and 10, the differences were were different ( χ2=16.452, P < 0.01). Conclusions The zero OT-U type bionics urine bag has a bigger superiority in reducing the related complications in neurology critically ill patients with indwelling catheter. At the same time , the zero OT-U type bionics urine bag reduced the patient's pain, improved the family satisfaction and reduced the pressure on care and treatment.

Objective To investigate the role of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in synovitis and cartilage destruction by comparing the expression of LOX in synovial fluid and synovium of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and active osteoarthritis (OA).Methods LOX in the synovium was detected by immunohistochemistry from 14 patients with active RA,24 patients with active OA and 20 patients with knee injury (the control group).LOX in the synovial fluid was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 14 patients with active RA and 24 patients with active OA.T-test was used for statistical analysis.Results The level of LOX expression in active RA synovium (0.012±0.007) was similar to that in active OA synovium (0.013±0.011,P＞0.05).But the expression of LOX in synovium of active RA and active OA was significantly higher than that in synovium of the control group (0.003±0.004,P＜0.01).The amount of LOX in the synovial fluid of active RA [(1.9±1.4) μg/ml] was significantly higher than that of active OA [(1.0±0.4) μg/ml,P＜0.05].Conclusion High expression of LOX in the synovial fluid and synovium of active RA and active OA suggest that LOX may be involved in chronic synovitis and cartilage destruction,and may be related with the extent of synovitis and cartilage destruction.

One hundred and fifty-one type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease ( T2 DMC) and 142 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were included for analyzing the influence of different glucose-lowering rates on MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CKMB) and muscle hemoglobin level changes to search for the rational glucose-lowering rate.The level of CKMB in type 2 deabetes mellitus group was significantly lower( P＜0.05 ) at follow-up than that before and after intensive therapy.In type 2 diabetes mellitus group,when the fasting or postprandial glucose-lowering rate was not greater than 6 mmol· L-1 · d-1,the level of CKMB and muscle hemoglobin were significantly lower at follow-up than that before intensive therapy ( P＜0.05 ).When the fasting glucose-lowering rate is greater than 6 mmol· L-1 · d-1,the level of CKMB is significantly higher after intensive therapy than that before glucose-lowering ( P＜0.05 ).In T2DMC group,when the fasting or postprandial glucose-lowering rate was not greater than 4 mmol· L-1 · d-1,the level of CKMB and muscle hemoglobin was significantly lower at follow-up than that before intensive therapy(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ),buthigher at follow-up when the fasting glucose-lowering rate was greater than 4 mmol· L-1 · d-1(P＜0.05).

ObjectiveTo detect glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) in knee joint synovial fluid of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore the correlation between GPI and anti-cyclic citrulline peptide antibody (anti-CCP).MethodsGPI and anti-CCP in the synovial fluid were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) from 22 patients with active RA and 37 patients with active osteoarthritis (OA).Student's t-test was used for intergroup comparison and Spearman's analysis was used for correlation analysis.ResultsThe level of GPI and anti-CCP in the synovial of active RA [ (9.6±8.4) μg/ml,( 14.61 ±18.64) U/ml] was significantly higher than that of active OA[ (0.9±1.8) μg/ml,(1.42±0.09) U/ml)].There was positive correlation between GPI and anti-CCP (r=0.447,P=0.037).ConclusionHigh expression of GPI is shown in active RA synovial fluid.It is suggested that GPI as an antigen that may participate in chronic synovitis,bone destruction and joint malformation.Both GPI and anti-CCP may be the laboratory markers for the diagnosis of RA.

Objective To explore the influence of glucose-lowering rate on left ventricular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods One hundred and thirty-two cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 135 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus with coronary heart disease (T2DM+CHD)received intensive glucose lowering therapy. Then, after measuring left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and E/A ratio, the variation was analyzed. Results LVEF was significantly higher than that before intensive therapy in T2DMsubgroup with glucose-lowering rate less than 6 m mol · L-1 · d-1( P＜0.05 ). So was T2DM+CHD subgroup with glucose-lowering rate less than 4 mmol· L-1 · d-1 (P＜0.05). LVEF was significantly lower than that before intensive therapy in T2DM+CHD subgroup with glucose-lowering rate greater than 4 mmol · L-1 · d-1( P＜0. 05 ),while by the end of following up for 3 months, LVEF stepped up and no significant difference was observed between subgroups ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). The E/A ratio stepped up in both subgroups after intensive therapy ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Conclusions For T2DM patients with coronary heart disease, excessively fast glucose-lowering rate may impair left ventricular function. Long-term good control of blood glucose restores the impaired left ventricular function causes by excessively fast glucose-lowering rate. After intensive therapy, left ventricular diastolic function finally improves in both subgroups regardless of the glucose-lowering rate and coronary heart disease.

OBJECTIVETo assess complement-mediated myocardial injury on isolated guinea pig working hearts and cardioprotective effects of CD59.

METHODSUsing a modified Langendorff apparatus, isolated guinea-pig working hearts were perfused with a modified Krebs Henseleit buffer containing 3% heat-inactivated human plasma and zymosan (IPZ) (control) (n = 10), 3% normal human plasma and zymosan (NPZ) (n = 10), or 3% normal human plasma and zymosan and 1.5 microg/ml CD59 (NPZC) (n = 10), respectively. Epicardial electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac output (CO), coronary arterial flow (CF), maximum left ventricular developed pressure (LVP(max)), maximum left ventricular developed pressure increase rate (+ dp/dt(max)), maximum left ventricular developed pressure decrease rate (- dp/dt(max)) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min of treatment. After the experiment, immunohistochemical examination was performed to detect the presence of C3a or C5b-9 in the myocardium of the isolated hearts.

RESULTSCompared the IPZ group, hearts treated with NPZ showed a slight depression on ST segments of epicardial ECG at 15 min, a significant elevation between 30 min to 60 min, a decrease in CF, CO, LVP(max), + dp/dt(max) and - dp/dt(max), and an increase in HR at 15 min. The observed alterations in CF, CO, LVP(max), + dp/dt(max) and - dp/dt(max) remained decreased, while the HR remained increased until the end of the protocol. The all above parameters of hearts treated with NPZC were similar to the control group (IPZ) at any given time. Immunohistochemical examination showed positive signals of C3a and C5b-9 in the myocardium of hearts treated with NPZ. C3a was positive in NPZC, and C3a and C5b-9 were negative in IPZ.

CONCLUSIONSActivated human complements directly damage isolated guinea pig working hearts, and CD59 offers a significant protection against the injuries.

Animals ; CD59 Antigens ; pharmacology ; Complement C3a ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Complement Inactivator Proteins ; pharmacology ; Electrocardiography ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors