Objective : To investigate the incidence of new HIV infection and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men ( MSM ) in China, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the AIDS control strategy. Methods : Cohort studies pertaining to new HIV infections among Chinese MSM populations were retrieved in Chinese and English electronic databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library, and the retrieval time was set to build the database until May 2021. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the incidence of new HIV infection and its influencing factors among Chinese MSM populations. The publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger's test, and the stability of outcome parameters was evaluated using sensitivity analysis. Results : A total of 850 publications were retrieved, and 43 eligible literatures ( 44 studies ) were included in the final analysis. The pooled incidence of new HIV infection was 4.93 ( 95%CI: 4.15 to 5.72) per 100 person-years among Chinese MSM populations. Egger's test showed a publication bias ( t=2.411, P=0.021). Subgroup analysis revealed high incidence of new HIV infection in east ( 5.21 per 100 person-years ), north ( 5.30 per 100 person-years ) and southwest (4.84 per 100 person-years) China, and the lowest incidence in northwest China ( 2.87 per 100 person-years ), and showed higher incidence in first-tier cities ( 5.12 per 100 person-years ) than in nonfirst-tier cities ( 3.89 per 100 person-years ). Syphilis infection ( HR=3.41 ), unprotected anal sex ( HR=2.52 ), multiple sexual partners ( HR=3.51 ), seeking sex partners in bars, public baths and parks ( HR=3.44 ), age of > 25 years ( HR=0.44 ), Han Ethnicity ( HR=0.35 ), awareness of AIDS-related knowledge ( HR=0.20 ) and provision of HIV preventive services ( HR=0.18 ) were associated with new HIV infection in Chinese MSM populations. In addition, publication bias was found in studies reporting syphilis infection ( t=4.841, P<0.001 ), unprotected anal sex ( t=4.114, P=0.006 ) and ethnicity ( t=-5.018, P=0.038 ). Conclusions The incidence of new HIV infection is high among Chinese MSM populations. Interventions targeting the factors affecting new HIV infections are required to reduce in the incidence of new HIV infections among Chinese MSM populations.

To investigate the relationship between transcription factor and the change of protein expression levels in heart failure. Methods Bioinformatic method was used to analyze the data of binding-sites on the 5 ' flaking regions of four genes whose mRNA level changed in failing heart from three databases about nucleic acid-EMBL, transcriptional regulation factor-TRANSFAC and protein-SWISS-PORT.The expression level of selected transcription factor was determined by immunohischemical method.Results Nine transcription factors were inferred to influence the proteins' levels in occurrence and development of heart failure.Serum response factor (SRF) was selected from the nine factors and assayed. The results showed that there was a higher level of SRF in healthy group than in chronic heart failure (CHF), and the level was associated with the degree of CHF. It was also found that there was a relative higher level of SRF in the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than that in CHF, but which was lower than the healthy. Conclusion It showed that SRF had a quantitative change in the development of heart failure, and suggested SRF might play an important regulative role in heart failure. The expression changes of proteins related to myocardial function might be regulated by the quantitative change of transcription factor(s).

Objective To explore how to reasonably deploy the wounded and sick region on the medical evacuation ship.Methods Three models of the wounded and sick region were set up according to different demand.Simulated exercises were imitated and medical staff and experts selected reasonable models.Results Most medical staff and experts selected the model which deployed the wounded and sick region according to whether the condition of an injury should be treated.Conclusion It is scientific and reasonable that the wounded and sick region is deployed according to whether the condition of an injury should be treated.

Objective To investigate the relation ship between trans-acting factor and the change of protein expression levels in heart failure. Methods Bioinformationak methods were used to analyze the bindingsites in the 5＇ regulation regions of four genes of the protein expression levels change in heart failure. The serum response factor (SRF) level was determined by innuno-hischemical method. Results Nine trans-transcription factors were inferred to influence these protein expression levels in occurrence and development of heart failure. SRF was selected from the nine factors and assayed. The results showed a higher level of SRF in healthy people, the percentage of anti-SRF positive cardiocytes was(91.6±10.05)%. A lower percentage of SRF in congestive heart failure (CHF) was (28.73±12.79)%. And the level of SRF was associated with the functional class of the New York Heart Association. A relative higher level of SRF was found in the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (4533±13.30)% than that in CHF and in the healthy. Conclusion It was suggested that the level of SRF plays a regulative role in CHF.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the composition of vaginal microbiota and the course of cervical precancerous lesion.Methods A total of 64 vaginal swabs were collected from 22 healthy women, 18 CINⅠ patients and 24 CINⅡ/Ⅲ patients who visited Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University during July 2014 and July 2015.The Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA were amplified and high-throughput sequenced.The abundance and composition of vaginal microbiota were analyzed by Uparse, Mothur and LefSe statistical software.Results There was no significant difference in Alpha diversity index between CINⅡ/Ⅲ group(Chao:63±32;ACE:72±38;Simpson:0.70±0.27;Shannon:0.70±0.63) and control group ( Chao:48±24;ACE:54±25;Simpson:0.71±0.27;Shannon:0.65±0.58)(W=192,P=0.11;W=189,P=0.10;W=281,P=0.72;W=241,P=0.62).The ACE(85±37) and Chao(66±25) values of CINⅠgroup were significantly different from those of the control group (ACE:54±25;Chao:48±24)(W=99,P=0.006;W=113,P=0.02).At the phylum level, 78.69%(309 020/392 722) of the vaginal microbiota in the control group was Firmicutes, 16%(62 846/392 722) was Actinobacteria.Firmicutes was reduced to 64.86%(208 422/321 318) and Actinobacteria increased to 27.71%(89 040/321 318) in CINⅠgroup.The composition of vaginal microbiotain in CINⅡ/Ⅲ group was similar to those of control group.At the genus level, the composition of vaginal microbiota were similar between CINⅡ/Ⅲ group and control group, with Lactobacillus as predominant genus[71.81%(307 658/418 424)], Gardnerella[12.91%(55 299/428 424)], others such as Prevotella, atopobium were less.In the CINⅠ group, the abundance of Lactobacillus was decreased to 56.26%(180 787/321 318), Gardnerella was increased to 19.62%(63 057/321 318), and Listeria was increased to 7.7%(24 746/321 318).The composition of vaginal microbiota in the most samples was classified as CSTⅢ and CSTⅠ, with Lactobacillus inersand and Lactobacillus crispatus were dominant respectively.There was no significant difference in the composition of vaginal microbiota between the three groups(χ2=2.72, P=0.949).LEfSe analysis showed that the abundance of bacteria in CIN group and control group were varied.At the genus level, there were significant differences in the abundance of Geobacter, Atopobium and Ureaplasma (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively).At the species level, there was significant difference in the abundance of Ureaplasma urealyticum serotype 9 (P<0.01).Conclusion The diversity and the composition of vaginal microbiota were similar between CIN patients and healthy women, but the abundances of some bacteria were varied, with Ureaplasma increased in patients with CIN.

Objective:To explore the correlation between post-transplant non-HLA antibodies and humoral rejection(HR)after kidney transplantation(KT).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted for KT recipients with non-HLA antibody level detected from September 2019 to January 2021.The recipients with biopsy confirmed HR and donor-specific HLA antibodies negative or feeble positive at the time of HR were designated as HR group while recipients with stable renal allograft function from 2 weeks post-KT to the time of detecting non-HLA antibody as stable group.The levels of HLA antibody, MHC classⅠchain-related gene A(MICA)antibody and 32 non-HLA antibodies were tested by Luminex single antigen bead and the levels of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1R)antibody quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inter-group differences in positive rate of non-HLA antibodies and number of positive non-HLA antibodies were analyzed.Results:Twenty-four recipients had positive non-HLA antibodies while the remainders had no positive non-HLA antibodies.Three HR recipients were positive for actin antibody, collagen Ⅲ antibody, glutathione S-transferase theta-1 antibody or IFN-γ antibody respectively.However, all four non-HLA antibodies of stable recipients were negative.There was significant inter-group difference( P=0.017). Four HR recipients were positive for collagenⅡantibody while only 1 stable recipient was positive for collagenⅡantibody.The positive rate of collagenⅡ antibody was significantly higher in HR recipients than that in stable recipients( P=0.023). HR recipients had an average of 2.36 positive non-HLA antibodies while stable recipients had an average of 0.90.There was significant inter-group difference ( P=0.008). Conclusions:A high level of non-HLA antibodies may elevate the risk of HR after KT.

Objective:We aimed to analyze the the genotyping of norovirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai, and explored the experience in handling the epidemic to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.Methods:The epidemiological data and related samples of 69 outbreaks of infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus was collected from 2017 to 2019 in Songjiang district, Shanghai. Sequencing and type identification were performed by the method of gene sequencing for the junction region of Norovirus ORF1 and ORF2.Results:From 2017 to 2019, 69 outbreaks of norovirus infections diarrhea were reported in Songjiang district, Shanghai. A total of 1 767 samples were tested, including 619 case samples (positive rate 19.9%), 343 practitioner samples (positive rate 1.1%), 505 environmental samples (positive rate 0.5%) and 300 food samples (not detected). 141 sequences were obtained, and the genotype analysis showed that the genotype that mainly caused infectious diarrhea in 2017 and 2018 was GII.P16-GII.2 (50.98%, 26/51). In 2019, the genotypes that mainly caused infectious diarrhea were GII.P16-GII.2 (13.73%, 7/51) and GII.Pe-GII.4 (9.80%, 5/51).Conclusion:The main genotype of the 69 outbreaks of nororirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 was GII.P16-GII.2, which showed obvious peaks in spring, autumn and winter. There were more infections in kindergartens and schools. The surveillance of norovirus infection should be strengthened.

Objective:We aimed to analyze the the genotyping of norovirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai, and explored the experience in handling the epidemic to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.Methods:The epidemiological data and related samples of 69 outbreaks of infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus was collected from 2017 to 2019 in Songjiang district, Shanghai. Sequencing and type identification were performed by the method of gene sequencing for the junction region of Norovirus ORF1 and ORF2.Results:From 2017 to 2019, 69 outbreaks of norovirus infections diarrhea were reported in Songjiang district, Shanghai. A total of 1 767 samples were tested, including 619 case samples (positive rate 19.9%), 343 practitioner samples (positive rate 1.1%), 505 environmental samples (positive rate 0.5%) and 300 food samples (not detected). 141 sequences were obtained, and the genotype analysis showed that the genotype that mainly caused infectious diarrhea in 2017 and 2018 was GII.P16-GII.2 (50.98%, 26/51). In 2019, the genotypes that mainly caused infectious diarrhea were GII.P16-GII.2 (13.73%, 7/51) and GII.Pe-GII.4 (9.80%, 5/51).Conclusion:The main genotype of the 69 outbreaks of nororirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 was GII.P16-GII.2, which showed obvious peaks in spring, autumn and winter. There were more infections in kindergartens and schools. The surveillance of norovirus infection should be strengthened.

Objective:To explorer the optimal method of detecting donor kidney carrier carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP).Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 1120 donation-after-circulatory-death (DCD) kidneys and bacterial detection of kidney perfusion fluid was performed from January 2015 to January 2019. A total of 1120 kidney perfusion fluid samples were collected with sterile tubes and submitted for culturing. And 451 specimens were delivered in sterile tubes and blood culture bottles simultaneously And 729 specimens assayed for carbapenemase genes with GeneXpert.Results:Among 1120 kidneys, CRKP was confirmed in 21 grafts with an infection rate of 1.87 %. The detection of carbapenemase genes with Genexpert showed that KPC was positive for 9/16 CRKP positive grafts. Sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate, false-negative rate and ROC-AUC were calculated at 56.3 %, 100 %, 0, 43.7 % and 0.781 respectively. And 11 specimens delivered with sterile tube were culture positive for CRKP. Sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate, false-negative rate and ROC-AUC were calculated at 52.3 %, 100 %, 0, 47.6 % and 0.762 respectively. Among 451 perfusion fluid samples collected with anaerobic blood culture bottle, 15 samples had a positive culture for CRKP. Sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate, false-negative rate and ROC-AUC were calculated at 100 %, 100 %, 0, 0 and 1 respectively. In terms to anaerobic blood culture bottle, sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate, false-negative rate and ROC-AUC were calculated at 60 %, 100 %, 0 , 40 % and 0.80 respectively.Conclusions:Genexpert assay is suitable for rapid and convenient detection of carbapenemase genes using kidney perfusion fluid. Culturing perfusion fluid samples collected with anaerobic blood culture bottle is clinically valuable diagnostic tool of CRKP. A combination of both methods is worthy of clinical promotion and application diagnosis of donor kidney derived CRKP in terms of greater accuracy and timeliness.

Objective:To explore the protective effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC)on ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)in mice.Methods:A total of 30 C57BL/6 mice were randomly grouped into 6 groups of control, Norm-BMSC-exo, Hypo-BMSC-exo, IRI, Norm-BMSC-exo+ IRI and Hypo-BMSC-exo+ IRI.The model for IRI(25 min)was constructed.The serum levels of creatinine(Cr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and histomorphology were examined at 24 h post-reperfusion.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β)monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and interleukin-10 (IL-10)were measured.The survival rate was observed for 7 days post-IRI.We also detected macrophage polarization glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).Results:Compared with IRI group, Norm-BMSC-exo+ IRI group showed low levels of creatinine(Cr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and mild pathological injury.The protective effects were enhanced in Hypo-BMSC-exo+ IRI group.BMSC-exo pretreatment could significantly improve the survival rate of mice post-IRI.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)revealed that BMSC-exo significantly lowered the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and elevated the level of IL-10.BMSC exosomes polarized macrophage toward an M2 phenotype.And Hypo-exo could reprogramme macrophages to undergo a metabolic switch toward OXPHOS and away from glycolysis.Conclusions:Hypo-BMSC-exo could improve kidney injury via inducing M2 polarization in macrophages through promoting OXPHOS and suppressing glycolysis.