Objective To investigate the effect and safety of solifenacin on urination in patients with overactivity bladder (OAB) by randomized controlled clinical trials. Methods One hundred and eight patients with OAB were randomized divided into observation group and control group, each with 54 patients. The patients in two groups were respectively treated by solifenacin and tolterodine. After treatment for 8 weeks, the curative effect, urination and adverse reaction were compared between two groups. Results The total effective rate in observation group was 85.19%(46/54), in control group was 68.52%(37/54), there was significant difference (P<0.05). After treatment for 8 weeks, the frequency of urination for 24 h in observation group was less than that in control group [(7.2 ±3.1) times vs. (9.7 ±3.2) times], the levels of initial micturition desir bladder volume, maximum bladder pressure volume, maximum urine flow rate in observation group were better than those in control group:(215.4±34.6) ml vs. (184.1±42.1) ml, (341.6±24.5) ml vs. (283.4±24.8) ml, (20.4±5.8) ml/s vs. (16.8±7.1) ml/s, there were significant differences (P<0.05). The total scores and urgency scores of OAB symptom score (OABSS) in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group: (3.7±2.5) scores vs.(4.9±2.1) scores, (0.4±0.1) scores vs. (0.7±0.4) scores, P<0.05. The adverse reaction rate in observation group was 18.52%(10/54), in control group was 48.15%(26/54), there was significant difference ( P<0.01). Conclusions Solifenacin can improve urination in OAB patients, and compared with tolterodine, it has higher efficacy and less adverse reaction. It is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the expression of high mobility group protein box1 (HMGB1)in ovarian endometriosis tissue and to provide new idea for early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of endometriosis.Methods The levels of HMGB1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium of 69 patients with ovarian endometriosis and endometrium of 69 cases with non-endometrioses were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blotting.Results HMGB1 was expressed in all the three groups (ectopic endometrium eutopic endometrium endometrium with non-endometrioses).The relative expression level of HMGB1 mRNA was 0.54383 ± 0.0565,0.3016 ± 0.0614,and 0.1536 ±0.0444,respectively (F =377.923,P ＜ 0.0001).The relative of HMGB1 protein was 0.83990 ±0.12869,0.40100 ±0.16425,and 0.19986 ± 0.08162,respectively (F =185.625,P =0.0000).The expression level of HMGB1 was related to clinical stages (t =10.28,P ＜0.01) ; however,it was not obviously related to age,the diameter of lump,and course of disease (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Over expression of HMGB1 in ovary endometriosis indicates that HMGB1 plays a significant role in occurrence and development of ovary endometriosis.The expression of HMGB1 in endometriosis eutopic endometrium was much higher than that of non-endometrioses endometrium,which supports the eutopic endometrium determinism.The overexpression of HMGB1 was consistent with clinical stage,which proves that HMGB1 maybe be tightly associated with the severity of the disease and to likely become biomarker.

Peri-implantitis and implant failure are common issues in the implant dentistry. The contaminated implant can be treated with mechanical, chemical and assisted methods for the formation of re-osseointegration. Re-osseointegration is achievable with valid bone regeneration strategies. The survival rate of implant into the site of previous failure is lower than that of the initial implant. For the hopeless and failed implant, it is necessary to remove the implant with corresponding technique.

Objective To investigate neonatal cerebral oxygenation after hypoxia.Methods Cerebral oxygenation of 39 babies with perinatal hypoxia and 42 neonates without hypoxia was ob- served under quiet state and stimulation of sound by Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS) and com- paired with the findings of EEG and image studies.Results In normal neonates cerebral oxygena- tion was steady under quiet state,where as it increased after sound stimulation.However,newborns with hypoxia showed inhibited brain activities with little changes in cerebral oxygenation in response to sound stimuli.Episodes of deoxygenation were found in 13 cases during monitoring.Conclusion After perinatal hypoxic brain damage,the function of cerebral oxygenation can be still abnomal for a certain period,which is related to the degree of brain damage.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint thread embedding on the peripheral serum leptin and insulin levels in simple obesity patients, and to further explore the mechanism of acupoint thread embedding in treating simple obesity.Method A total of 120 patients with simple obesity were randomized into a control group, an eletroacupuncture (EA) group and a thread embedding group, 40 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by diet plus exercise intervention, the EA group by EA treatment in addition to the intervention given to the control group and the thread embedding group by acupoint thread embedding treatment in addition to the intervention given to the control group. The levels of blood serum leptin and insulin in the three groups were observed before and after 2 treatment courses and the clinical efficacies were compared among the three groups.Result The total effective rate was 87.5% in the thread embedding group, 85.0% in the EA group, and 47.5% in the control group. The total effective rates in the thread embedding group and EA group were significantly different from the rate in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of the fasting serum leptin and insulin were significantly changed in the thread embedding group and EA group after the treatment (P<0.01). After the treatment, the levels of the fasting serum leptin and insulin in the thread embedding group and EA group were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.01,P<0.05). The insulin level in the thread embedding group was better than that in the EA group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupoint thread embedding is an effective approach for simple obesity, and it can down-regulate the fasting peripheral serum leptin and insulin levels.

Cartoons were used in teaching of medical decision-making analysis course to analyze and reveal the connotations in different decision-making models according the difficulties of students in understanding the teaching decision-making models.The cartoons could effectively improve the understanding of abstract analysis model and the meaning of teaching analysis model in students because they could directly show the iterative and optimizing computation process in decision-making analysis, thus laying a solid foundation for the accurate analysis and ra-tional explanation of the results.Teachers should make full use of the visual cognition potential of students, and fo-cus their attention on the knowledge transmission and information exchange between teachers and students when they design the cartoons in order to improve the classroom teaching effect of teaching decision-making model.

Objective To investigate the expression of HMGB1 mRNA in endometrial carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological features of endometrial carcinoma. Methods Semi-quantitative RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression level of HMGB1 gene in 56 cases of endometrial carcinoma and 20 cases of normal endometrium. Results The expression of HMGB1 mRNA in endometrial carcinoma (0. 3512 ± 0. 0985 ) was significantly higher than that in normal endometrium (0. 2208 ± 0. 0170 ).There was a significant difference in the two groups( P ＜0. 05 ). Grouping by clinicopathological features,the expression of HMGB 1 mRNA in endometrial carcinoma had a correlation with clinical-surgical stage ( P＜0. 05), metastasis of lymph nodes ( P ＜ 0. 05), and depth of myometrial invasion ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The high level of HMGB1 mRNA indicated that HMGB1 might play an essential role in the genesis, growth, invasion and metastasis of endometrial carcinoma.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of HMGB1 and Smac/DIABLO protein expression in epithelial ovarian cancer.MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to detect the protein expression of HMGB1,Smac/DIABLO and cell apoptosis in 45 epithelial ovarian cancers by tissue microarray.ResultsThe protein expression of HMGB1 in epithelial ovarian cancers was significant higher than benign cancers and normal ovarian tissues( P ＜0.05).The protein expression of HMGB1 was related to the lymph node metastasis,which had a negative correlation with the cell apoptosis index ( rs =-0.583,P =0.000).The protein expression of Smac/DIABLO in epithelial ovarian cancers was significantly lower than benign cancers and normal ovarian tissues( P ＜0.05) ; the protein expression of HMGB1 in epithelial ovarian cancers had a negative relationship with protein expression of Smac/DIABLO( rs =-0.40,P =0.006).ConclusionsThe over-expression of HMGB1 in epithelial ovarian cancers may play an important part in the metastasis of the epithelial ovarian cancers.The over-expression of HMGB1 and the low-expression of Smac/DIABLO may take part in the occurrence and development of the epithelial ovarian cancers through abnormal cell apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress in trophocytes,in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).Methods Sixty-one pregnant women who were hospitalized in Women's Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University from January to December 2015 were recruited.Thirty-one women who were diagnosed as ICP were defined as the ICP group and 30 healthy pregnant women were defined as the control group.The localization and expression intensity of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP-78) in placental tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry technique.Electronic microscope was used to observe ultra-microstructure change of the endoplasmic reticulum in trophocytes and cell line Swan71.Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blot were used to investigate the expression of GRP-78 mRNA and protein in Swan 71 cell.Results (1) GRP-78 protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts.The protein expression of GRP-78 in placentas of the ICP group (13.2±2.4) was significantly higher than that in the control group (7.8±1.3,P＜0.01).(2) The volume of endoplasmie reticulum did not increase and the microvilli developed well,with no swelling and no expansion of endoplasmic reticulum in the control group.In the ICP group,microvilli injury,endoplasmic reticulum edema were found;the volume of endoplasmic reticulum increased,with dilation,vacuolation and significant degranulation.After treated with 100 μmol/L cholyglycine for 24 hours,universal dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum were seen in the Swan71 cells.(3) In Swan71 cells,cholylglycine displayed a concentration-dependent up-regulation on the expression of GRP-78.The expressions of GRP-78 mRNA in 0,25,50,100 μmol/L cholylglycine experimental group were 1.01±0.17,2.17±0.16,5.47±0.36,5.65 ± 0.82,respectively.The expression of GRP-78 protein in 0,25,50,100 μmol/L cholylglycine experimental group were 1.01±0.04,1.17±0.15,1.33±0.13,1.73±0.13,respectively.The expression of GRP-78 mRNA and protein in 100 and 50 μ mol/L cholylglycine experimental group were significantly higher than 0 μmol/L (all P＜0.01).Conclusion The obvious expansion of endoplasmic reticulum and the increased expression of GRP-78 in trophocytes indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress of trophocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of ICP.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and it has diverse etiologies with multiple mechanisms. The diagnosis of HCC typically occurs at advanced stages when there are limited therapeutic options. Hepatocarcinogenesis is considered a multistep process, and hepatic macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory process leading to HCC. Emerging evidence has shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial components defining the HCC immune microenvironment and represent an appealing option for disrupting the formation and development of HCC. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the polarization and function of TAMs in the pathogenesis of HCC, as well as the mechanisms underlying TAM-related anti-HCC therapies. Eventually, novel insights into these important aspects of TAMs and their roles in the HCC microenvironment might lead to promising TAM-focused therapeutic strategies for HCC.