Objective When the body is stimulated by hypoxia , the expression of heat shock protein 72 ( HSP72 ) is in-creased to produce anti-apoptosis effects .The aim of this paper is to study the effect of heat shock protein on apoptosis of cultured rat glomerulus endothelial cells ( GENC) under hypoxic environment . Methods Hypoxia was induced by cobalt chloride ( CoCl2 ) and GENC were divided into 5 groups ( normoxia group , hypoxia group , hypoxia+DMSO group , hypoxia+HSP72 inhibitor group , and hy-poxia+HSP72 agonist group ) according to the different intervention methods .The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the expression of HSP72 was detected by Western blot . Results Compared with the normoxia group [(2.21 ±3.80)% and (0.23 ± 0.09)], the apoptosis rate and the expression of HSP72 were in-creased in the hypoxia group , hypoxia +DMSO group , hypoxia +HSP72 inhibitor group , and hypoxia +HSP72 agonist group [(24.54 ±3.59)% and (0.82 ±0.15), (29.25 ±1.63)% and (0.80 ±0.17), (36.07 ±1.19)%and (0.43 ±0.08), (18.10 ±2.59)%and (1.05 ±0.07)] (P<0.05).Compared with the hypoxia +DMSO group, the apoptosis rate was increased and the ex-pression of HSP72 was decreased in the hypoxia +HSP72 inhibitor group and the apoptosis rate was decreased and the expression of HSP72 was increased (P<0.05).There was no difference in the apoptosis rate and the expression between the hypoxia group and hy -poxia+DMSO group (P>0.05). Conclusion Hypoxia can induce the increased GENC apoptosis accompanied with the prolonged hypoxia .The increase or decrease of HSP 72 expression may lead to the decrease or increase of apoptosis , which is an important factor affecting the apoptosis of GENC under hypoxia .

Comorbidity, which can affect the treatment and prognosis of its disease, has gradually caught attention from both at home and abroad. Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mainly involved lung tissues, it may also cause the systemic (or extra-pulmonary) adverse effects. Many types of comorbidities existed in COPD. This article summarized the prevalence, risk factors and pathogenesis of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression, lung cancer, infection, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. It also con-ducted related studies on the diagnosis and treatment status and current problems of COPD comorbidities, which may provide evidences for COPD outcome evaluation.

Objective To know the effect of low level exposure of toluene on conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. Methods 60 SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, 10 in each. 4 groups were treated respectively with toluene by inspiration of 328.6, 1 026.8mg/m3, OB-impaired+toluene 328.6 mg/m3, OB-impaired+1 026.8 mg/m3 in a closed chambers for 4 weeks (5 days/week, 6 hours/day) and 2 groups were taken as the control, OB-impaired control, blank control. The addiction and the generating electricity of the OB were examined by CCP chamber and the system of PowerLab. Results Compared with the blank group, in the toluene 328.6 and 1 026.8 mg/m3 groups the time in the light chamber was longer (P

Objective:To determine whether laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) affects the central 30-degree visual field.Methods:This clinical trial comprised 31 patients(61 eyes)scheduled to have LASIK for myopia or myopic astigmatism.Automated static perimetry was performed before and 1 week,6 months after the surgery using the Octopus 1-2-3 perimetry.The main outcome measures were the meao sensitivity(MS) change in the central 15-degree visual field and the MS change in the 15-to 30-degree visual field.The preoperative and postoperative MS values were calculated,and the difference between them(delta MS) was determined.Statistical analysis were performed by SPSS12.0 using the randomized complete block design ANOVA(two factors analysis of variance).Differences among variables were evaluated by q-test. Results:One week after the operation,all uncorrected visual acuity equal to or better than 4.7.Six months after operation,visual acuity distributed between 4.9 and 5.2. There was no significant change in the central 15-degree visual field MS,neither 1 week nor 1 month after the operation;between 15 and 30 degrees,there was a statistically significant decrease.One week after the operation,the delta MS value was(-0.91?1.42)dB(mean?standard deviation);6 month after the operation,the delta MS value was(-0.87?1.38)dB. Conclusion:Automatic static perimetry can detect decreased sensitivity in the 15-to 30-degree visual field after myopic LASIK.It may be a useful quantitative subjective test for measuring the vision quality after refractive surgery in future.

With the improvement of China's population aging and health care consciousness, female pelvic floor dysfunction gets increasing attention in society. Modern TCM scholars conclude TCM doctors’ theories about etiology and pathogenesis of pelvic floor dysfunction, summarized as debility of Chong Ren meridians and inability to lift, and then they advocated invigorating qi and elevating yang, with a purpose to protect pelvic floor stability. This article conducted relevant discussion on the significance of rehabilitation of pelvic floor dysfunction based on TCM adjusting qi activity.

Objective To investigate the anti-chronic stress effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) transplantation in rats with spinal cord injury.Methods Forty-eight adult SD rats were divided into control group,model group and treatment group according to the random number table,with 16 rats each.In model and treatment groups,lower thoracic (T10) spinal cord injury were constructed using the modified Allen's method.In control group,only laminectomy was performed.After 7 days,100 μl Hank's buffer suspension containing 1.0 × 106 BMSCs was injected into the subarachnoid space of L4-5 intervertebral space of rats in control group and treatment group.While in model group,only the equal volume of Hank's buffer was used.Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale was performed to evaluate hindlimb motor function in rats.At postoperative 14 and 28 days,blood samples were collected to measure adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),norepinephrine (NE),epinephrine (E) and corticosterone (CORT) using the ELISA method;brains were harvested for the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor proteins GluR1 and GluR2 immunohistochemical staining.Results After injury,BBB scores in model and treatment groups were similar,but both were lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).After BMSCs transplantation,BBB score in treatment group [21 d:(9.85 ± 0.82)points and 28 d:(11.23 ±0.68)points] improved continuously compared to model group [21 d:(8.42 ± 0.39) points and 28 d:(8.84 ± 0.25) points],but all were lower than that in control group [(21.00 ±0.00)points,P ＜0.05].ACTH contents in model and treatment groups at 14d [(104.80±6.16) and (98.50 ± 4.07) pg/ml] and 28 d [(101.40±2.33) and (96.50± 2.28) pg/ml] were higher than those in control group [(90.40 ± 1 1.36) and (83.20 ± 5.22) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05).CORT contents in model and treatment groups [(44.40 ± 1.44) and (43.30 ± 1.17) ng/ml] was lower than that in control group [(48.20 ± 2.27) ng/ml] at 14 d,but were found to be elevated [(70.40 ± 1.90) and (61.40 ± 1.83) ng/ml] compared to control group [(46.40 ± 1.49) ng/ml] at 28 d (P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,the CORT content in treatment group was lower than that in model group (P ＜ 0.05).Changes in NE and E contents among the groups were similar with ACTH.Immunohistochemical staining suggested the amounts of GluR1 and GluR2 positive cells in treatment group lowered compared to control group (P ＜ 0.05),but increased in model group compared to control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion BMSCs transplantation can improve the hindlimb motor function,contribute to reducing the secretion of stress-related hormones ACTH,CORT,NE and E,and down-regulate the expression of AMPA receptor proteins GluR1 and GluR2 in rats with spinal cord injury,suggesting a potential role in antichronic stress.

Objective To investigate the role of hypoxia?inducible factor?2α(HIF?2α) in the expression of tight junction proteins and permeability alterations in rat glomerular endothelial cells (rGENCs) under hypoxia condition. Methods The expressions of the HIF?2α and tight junction proteins such as occludin and ZO?1 of rGENCs were examined after exposed to 5%oxygen at different treatment time periods (0 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h). Then lentiviral transfection was used to knock down HIF?2α expression in rGENCs. The cells were split into four groups, including i) control group where rGENCs were cultured under normal oxygen conditions, ii) hypoxia group, iii) negative control group where rGENCs were infected with a negative vector, iv) HIF?2α lentivirus transfection group. Group ii, iii and iv were kept in hypoxic chamber (5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2) for 24 h. The expressions of occludin, ZO?1 and HIF?2α were assessed by Western blotting. The permeability of rGENCs was measured using trans?epithelium electrical resistant (TEER) by Millicell? ERS voltohmmeter. Results With the elongation of hypoxia time, the expression of HIF?2α was increased gradually, while the occludin expression was decreased, there was statistically significance difference in each group (all P<0.01). The expression of ZO?1 also decreased gradually under hypoxia circumstance, but no statistically significant was found between 24 h and 48 h groups (all P>0.05). And a dramatic decrease in TEER of hypoxia cells was detected as compare with control cells (P<0.01). After knockdown of HIF?2αexpression, both expressions of occludin and ZO?1 were increased significantly compared with hypoxia cells (P<0.01), and TEER elevated at the same time (P<0.01). Above indexes had no statistical difference between hypoxia cells and negative control cells (all P>0.05). Conclusion Hypoxia may promote HIF?2α expression, which could increase the permeability of rGENCs by reducing the expression of occludin and ZO?1.

Objective To explore the feasibility of evaluation of mice hind limb ischemia-mediated angiogenesis with ultrasound molecular imaging using molecular probes targeted to angiogenesis endothelial marker VEGFR-2.Methods A mice model of unilateral hind-limb ischemia was induced by femoral artery excision in 12 experimental mice.Ultrasound molecular imaging of the ischemia and contralateral non-ischemia hind-limbs was performed in all mice on day 7 after surgery at 8 minutes after intravenous injection of either VEGFR-2 targeting microbubbles or isotype control microbubbles in random with 30 min interval,and the video intensity (VI) was measured.Following ultrasound imaging,the hind-limb was harvested for immunohistochemical analysis.Results As expected,VI in the ischemia hind-limb was significantly higher (P ＜0.05) for MBvEGFR-2 [(25.6 ± 4.3)U] as compared with MBIso[(6.7 ± 1.6)U].However,the ultrasound signal in the non-ischemia hind-limb was low for both MBvEGFR-2 [4.4 ± 1.5)U] and MBIso [(4.6 ± 1.6)U].A marked endothelial VEGFR-2 expression in ischemia hind-limb was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.Conclusions Ultrasound molecular imaging using molecular probes targeted to angiogenesis endothelial VEGFR-2 can effectively evaluate ischemia-mediated angiogenesis.

Objective:To investigate the roles of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD(ASC),one of differentially expressed proteins in neutrophil death induced by ONO-AE-248.Methods:Human neutrophils were cultured in vitro with or without ONO-AE-248(5?10-5 mol/L).The expression of ASC mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.PMN proteins were extracted at 12 h and then separated by 2D electrophoresis.20 differentially expressed proteins were selected and determined by PDQest 2-DE software.Results:ONO-AE-248 decreased the expression of ASC mRNA strikingly in 2 hours;ASC was one of the important differentially expressed proteins between spontaneous apoptosis and non-apoptosis programmed cell death induced by ONO-AE-248 in 12 hour and ASC protein point was weaker in ONO-AE-248 group.Conclusion:ASC might act as double switch that leads to apoptosis of neutrophils in the high expression and removes the forbiddance of pathway of ONO-AE-248 signals in the low expression,resulting in non-apoptosis programmed cell death of neutrophils.

Background and purpose:Kiss-1 and nm23 have been identifi ed as tumor metastasis suppressor genes,and they have been associated with the metastatic potential of breast cancer.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of Kiss-1 and nm23 expression with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.Methods:The expression of Kiss-1 and nm23 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in 70 patients with breast cancer.Results:The positive rate of Kiss-1 and nm23 were 62.86% and 68.57%,38.46% and 50.00% in breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis,markedly lower than the 77.27%,and 79.55% in patients without lymph node metastasis(P