OBJECTIVE To explore the suitable hospital infection control measures in health centers of poverty-striken villages,in order to improve the management of hospital infection,decrease hospital infection rate and protect the health of medical staff and patients.METHODS The status quo of hospital infection in health centers of poverty-striken villages,was investigated in 20 small towns health centers with were randomly divided into two groups:test group(n=15)and control group(n=5).The suitable hospital infection control measures were explored from 5 points.The effect of infection control by before-after controlled study of experimental group and randomized controlled study of control group was anal yzed.RESULTS The rate of hospital infection in test group was decreased from 7.60% to 1.98% and at in control group didn't change,the difference was significant.CONCLUSIONS The managements of establishment of the suitable hospital infection control measures in health centers of poverty-striken villages have been put into practice and gained good result.

Objective To induce skin cancer in BALB/c mice using DMBA as initiator and TPA as tumor promot-er. Through optimizing the doses and frequencies of DMBA administration to establish a stable skin cancer model with less time and causing less skin damage. Methods Shaving the back of mice to expose a piece of skin around 2 cm × 2 cm. The mice were divided into a blank control group and four treatment groups randomly. These four groups were given 1, 2, 4, 7 times 100μg/100μL DMBA/acetone, respectively, in the first week, and twice 4μg/100μL TPA/acetone per week in the next 11 weeks. The body weight changes, time of tumor formation and number of tumors formed were recorded during the experiment. The mice were sacrificed at 12th week and samples of tumor tissue and adjacent normal skin tissue were taken for pathological examination using HE staining. Results Tumors were observed at the 7th week in the group with once DMBA administration in the first week and at the 4th week in the group with twice DMBA administration in the first week. Skin cancers were formed also in the group with 4?time DMBA administration in the first week, however, with signif?icantly more severe skin damages. The mice receiving DMBA everyday in the first week died at the 3th week. Conclusions The best induction protocol for skin cancer in BALB/c mice should be twice DMBA in the first week followed by twice TPA

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system in the process of production of Loratadine tablets. METHODS:Taking wet granulation and tableting technology of Lorata-dine tablets as an example,and through the introduction of the concept of HACCP,the basic theory and method of HACCP were applied for hazard analysis on each production link to find critical control points and set critical limits for production quality man-agement. RESULTS:By HACCP analysis,three links namely drying,granules fitting and mixing,internal and external packaging were finally determined as the critical control points in the process of production of Loratadine tablets,thereby critical control lim-its were set for monitoring. After effective control over the risks in the process was ensured,HACCP work plan was made and veri-fied,and the results showed that HACCP system could effectively control and reduce the risks in the process of production and en-sure quality safety. CONCLUSIONS:Application of HACCP system to wet granulation and tableting technology of Loratadine tab-lets can fully embody its feasibility and effectiveness.

Objective To explore the effect of tert?butylhydroquinone(tBHQ)on ultraviolet B(UVB)?induced oxidative damages in human im?mortalized keratinocytes(HaCaT),and discuss its mechanism. Methods The cultured HaCaT cells were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group(G1),ultraviolet irradiation group(G2),25μmol/L tBHQ pretreatment before ultraviolet irradiation group(G3),and 50μmol/L tBHQ pre?treatment before ultraviolet irradiation group(G4). The content of reactive oxygen species was detected by DCFH?DA method,and the cell prolifera?tion was evaluated by MTT. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of nuclear factor E2?related factor 2(Nrf2)in both nuclear fac?tions and whole?cell of HaCaT. The mRNA expressions of CAT and SRX were determined by real?time RT?PCR. Results The content of reactive oxygen species in HaCaT cells was increased,and the cell proliferation rate was decreased significantly after ultraviolet irradiation. The pretreatment of 25 and 50μmol/L tBHQ can inhibit the UVB?induced oxidative damage in a dose?dependent manner in HaCaT cells. Compared with G2 group, tBHQ pretreatment could dose?dependently increase the level of Nrf2 protein in nuclear factions and whole?cell of HaCaT,and also the mRNA ex?pressions of CAT and SRX. Conclusion UVB irradiation can induce oxidative stress damages of HaCaT cells. tBHQ may inhibit the UVB?induced oxidative damages through enhancing Nrf2 expressions and nuclear translocation,then activating the transcription of the downstream antioxidant en?zymes CAT and SRX.

AIM: A new HPLC-MS method was developed to determine finasteride in human plasma. METHODS: Two formulations of finasteride tablets were given to 20 healthy male volunteers according to a randomized 2-way cross-over design. The samples were extracted by ethyl acetate under basic conditions, then were separated by C18 column and determined by mass detector. RESULTS: The calibration curve of finasteride was linear and intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 10 %. The pharmacokinetics parameters of the two formulations (4.5 ± 0.5) h for t1/2; (3.0 ± 0.7) and (2.8 ± 0.9) h for tmax, respectively. The results indicated that there was no significant difference on cmax, A UC0-24, t1/2 or tmax values between the two formulations. CONCLUTION: The relative bioavailability of tablets I with respect to tablets Ⅱ is (99.3 ± 9.2) % by the A UC0-24 measurement, and bioe quivalence is observed between the two tablets.

OBJECTIVE:To put forward relevant suggestions for formulating and implementing medical insurance budget impact analysis(BIA)research guideline in China. METHODS:The medical insurance BIA guidelines or relevant documents were retrieved from ISPOR,Canada and the United States. Their similarities and differences were compared. The experiences of them were summarized in respects of research framework,data source and report format of medical insurance BIA. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS:ISPOR,Canada,USA and other guidelines or relevant documents have some similarities in normalization requirements of research perspectives,target population calculation based on natural reason and epidemiological data,3-5 years as the research time limit and some other respects. But the calculation of additional costs as drug price addition,distribution fee should be specifically adjusted according to the unique characteristics of the health systems of countries or regions. Based on the actual conditions of our own health care system,our country can draw up the guidelines for medical insurance BIA impact analysis,which contain model design,research perspective,target population,current use of intervention measures,prediction on the effects of new intervention measure introduction on the market,cost,time range,discount and uncertainty analysis of current and new interventions,situational analysis and verification,so as to better play its role in the formulation and adjustment of medical insurance catalogues and in drug price negotiations.

Objective APOBEC3B (A3B) is an important member of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) family.This study aimed to investigate its important role in the metastasis of small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods The statistical relationship between A3 B and clinicopathological data was analyzed in 249 cases of NSCLC.Sanger sequencing was used to detect mutations in exon 5,6,7 and 8 of P53 in 74 cases of lung cancer.A3B overexpression cell line was constructed in human lung adenocarcinoma cells HCC827 to observe the change of cell migration and metastasis capacity.Results A3B was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues compared with normal lung tissues.The expression of A3B was closely related to the lymph node metastasis of NSCLC and the mutation rate of p53 was positively correlated with the expression of A3B.In vitro experiment,it showed enhanced migration and increased metastatic potential in cells after overexpression of A3B.Conclusions A3B-mediated mutations in P53 may play a key role in the metastasis of NSCLC.

This article reviews the mechanism, risk factors, and assessment tools of thirst in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients, in order to provide reference for the rational use of thirst assessment tools and the development of ICU patient thirst assessment tools.

Objective To investigate the intervention effects and mechanism of icariin on prostate cancer based on network pharmacology and animal experiments.Methods The targets of icariin were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction database.Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed with the String database,and core targets were screened using Cytoscape 3.9.1.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on core targets were conducted with the Metascape database to predict the mechanism of action.A PC-3 tumor-bearing mouse model of prostate cancer was established to observe the inhibitory effects of icariin alone and in combination with paclitaxel on tumor growth.Results Network pharmacology predictions suggested that icariin has potential therapeutic effects on prostate cancer,with core targets potentially including serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL2),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1(HSP90AA1),heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1(HSP90AB1),nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1(NF-κB1),tumor protein p53,etc.Animal experiments found that compared with the model control group,the tumor volume growth in the icariin group and the paclitaxel group was significantly inhibited,and the serum tumor necrosis factor content was significantly reduced,while testosterone levels did not change significantly.Both groups significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of Notch1,Jagged1 and Hes1(P<0.05),with the combined treatment group showing a more significant inhibitory effect.Conclusions Both network pharmacology and animal experimental results confirmed that icariin has a significant inhibitory effect on prostate cancer.One of the mechanisms of its anti-tumor effects may be the significant inhibition of the activated Notch signaling pathway in tumors.

Objective:To compare the preliminary clinical effect of mitral valve replacement and mitral valvuloplasty on hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with mitral regurgitation.Methods:From January 2010 to December 2013, the patients undergoing cardiac surgery at Bakulev Cardiovascular Surgery Research Center in Russia were randomly divided into two groups: Forty-one patients received left ventricular outflow tract hypertrophy myocardial resection (Morrow operation) combined with mitral valve replacement (MVR) as MVR group; Forty-seven patients received Morrow surgery combined with mitral valve repair (MVr) as MVr group.The primary end point: death, secondary end point: thrombosis complications (cerebral infarction, peripheral arterial embolism), recurrence of mitral regurgitation and left ventricular outflow tract pressure difference were compared between the two groups.Results:In the MVr group, 6 cases were converted to MVR and were excluded from the study.The survival rates of MVR group and MVR group were 78.9% and 96.6%, respectively , and the thromboembolic free survival rates of MVR group and MVr group were 83.2% and 100%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant( P=0.034, 0.026, respectively). There was no significant difference in mitral regurgitation and left ventricular outflow tract pressure difference between MVR group and MVR group 24 months after operation( P=1.000, 0.934, respectively). Conclusion:Operation combined with MVR or MVr is an effective method to relieve left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and mitral regurgitation. Morrow operation combined with MVr can improve survival rate and reduce thrombosis complications.