Objective To investigate the changes of immune state and the impact on immunological rejection elicited by abdominal cavity bacterial infection after DA-Lewis rat liver transplantation.Methods Orthotopic liver transplant model was established by modified Kamada two-cuff technique.The animals were divided randomly into Group 1,isotonic Na chloride injected into abdominal cavity 3 days after operation;Group 2,mixed Bacillus coli liquid injected instead of saline;Group 3,immunosuppressive drug CsA administered routinely after operation(3 mg?kg-1?d-1).All the animals were sacrificed 7 days after infection.The blood and graft samples were collected for cell-subpopulation,mixed lymphocyte culture,IL-4,IFN-? mRNA detection and histological evaluation.Results Seven days after infection,the lympholeukocyte population,CD4/CD8(G1=1.753?0.181,G2=1.384?0.073,G3=0.997?0.025)and lympholeukocyte function(SI:G1=67.59?3.40,G2=37.14?0.90,G3=15.87?0.51)declined in Group 2 as compared with other groups and cellular differentiation drifted to Th2.There was significant difference between Group 2 and Group 1 or 3.Conclusion Abdominal cavity bacterial infection after rat liver transplantation will promote the differentiation of T cells into Th2,down-regulate CD4/CD8 ratio and immune function of lymphocytes and accordingly alleviate partly the acute rejection following liver transplantation.

Objective To develop a portable and automatic quick screener for noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL),which is suitable for airman and ground crew.Methods Through using audio decoder chip VS1003 to achieve quick screener for noise-induced hearing loss and pre-exposing for special background noise.LPC2148 of ARM7-TDMI configuration was adopted as main controlling chip,and its software design was completed by multitask scheduler based on UCOS-Ⅱ,while the FAT system controlled the read-write to the files in SD card.The signal emergence,change in hearing class,frequency selection as well as records of subject reaction were automatically achieved.Results The system can produce stable signal of exact frequency according to GBZ49-2002 Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Noise-induced Hearing Loss to output stability of the frequency and intensity of the audio signal,and the specific context of the noise pre-exposure function with screening of hearing impairment was achieved automatically.Conclusion Based on the great power of embedded system and VS1003,the portable and automatic quick screener for noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) can be developed to carry out many functions,which has several features,such as simple structure,high integration,good stability and use of flexible etc.

Objective To establish a rat model of peritoneal bacterial infection after liver transplantation.Methods To construct a dark Agouti rat-to-Lewis(DA-to-LEW) rat model of liver transplantation.Peritoneal bacterial infection in the rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial suspension.The liver function,blood gas,blood cell count and other indicators of the rat models were detected.Results There was a high mortality rate in rats with bacterial injection at day 5 after liver transplantation,therefore unfavorable for the following study.It waft better to inject the bacteria in an amount of 5×10~5 cfu/mL at day 3 after liver transplantation.The cumulative 7-day survival rate of those rats after infection reached up to 37.5%.The infection became increasingly severe,the general conditions were worsening,the rectal temperature was rising,the WBC count was increased,the pH was decreased,liver dysfunction was progressively increased,and metabolic acidosis occurred in the rats.Liver parenchymal damage was more pronounced than that of bile ductal injuries,and the rats died one after another at about 5 days after infection.Pathological examination of multiple organs showed that the main cause of death of the rats was liver damage,without accompanying lung and kidney damages.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that it is a successful method to establish a rat model of peritoneal bacterial infection after liver transplantation,and this model can be used in related experimental researches.

Objective To compare the outcomes of giant hepatic hemangioma undergoing enucleation and hepatectomy and to summarize our experience of surgical management of liver hemangioma.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in patients undergoing giant hepatic hemangioma resection (lager than 10 cm in size) in General Hospital of PLA,during 2006 through 2014.Patients were divided into two groups according to the types of operation.Results Of 145 patients with giant liver hemangioma,81 underwent enucleation and 64 had hepatectomy.The differences of tumor size (12.0 cm vs.15.5 cm,u =3.68,P ＜0.01),time of operation (210 min vs.280 min,u =3.89,P ＜ 0.01) and the ratio of inflow control (81.5％ vs.56.3％,x2 =10.91,P ＜ 0.01) of enucleation and hepatectomy was significant.The difference of intraoperative blood loss (500 ml vs.800 ml,u =1.85,P =0.07) and the postoperative morbidity (8.6％ vs.7.8％,x2=0.03,P =0.86) was not statistically significant.There was no inhospital mortality in both groups.Conclusions Both of enucleation and hepatectomy are effective operative approaches for giant liver hemangioma,patients with liver hemangioma should be prudently chosen for surgery,and the operation type should be individualized with the guidance of precision liver surgery.

Objective To compare the clinic features of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis(MS).To compare the positive rate of NMO-IgG in NMO,MS and other related diseases,and determine whether it can be considered as a biomarker for differential diagnosis.Methods Detected serum NMO-IgG in 34 NMO patients,22 MS patients,24 high risk syndrome,5 clinical isolated syndrome,and 35 patients with other neumlogical diseases.Compared the clinic features(onset age,severity,prognosis,MRI lesions,autoimmune antibodies,CSF)of 34 NMO patients and 22 MS patients.Results The onset age of NMO is older than that of MS.It is more severe and with worse prognosis than MS.Longitudinal spinal cord lesions are easily found in NMO.NMO-IgG positive rate in NMO and high risk syndrome patients are 58.8% (20/34)and 45.8%(11/24)respectively,which are higher than that in MS(1/22),clinical isolated syndrome(1/5)and other neurological diseases(1/35;x2=37.2,P<0.01).The positive rate may have a relationship with the length of spinal cord lesions.Condusions MS and NMO are probably different diseases.NMO-IgG positive rate in NMO is significandy higher than that in MS,it can be considered as a biomarker for differential diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of lasting methylene blue staining in precise hepatectomy.Methods The clinical data of 21 patients with liver cancer who received precise hepatectomy after methylene blue staining at General Hospital of PLA from February to August in 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.After the hepatic pedicle Was dissected,methylene blue WaS injected into the portal vein,and then the hepatic pedicle was ligated.Parenchymal division is initiated along the line of devascularization demarcated on Glisson capsule.Results The success rate of methylene blue staining Was 100%.Methylene blue retained in the parenchyma for(80±23)minutes.Right hepatectomy was performed on 2 patients,left hepatectomy on 1,right posterior lobectomy on 2,right anterior lobectomy on 3,left lateral lobectomy on 1,segmentectomy of segment Ⅷon 2,segmentectomy of segment Ⅶ on 3,segmentectomy of segment Ⅵ on 1,segmentectomy of segment Ⅳ on 2 and combined segmentectomy on 4.The mean volume of blood loss,incidence of postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were(236±6)ml,14%(3/21)and(12±3)days.Conclusions Ligation of hepatic pedicle after methylene blue injection has the advantages of high success rate and lasting staining of parenchyma of liver.Especially,this staining method contributes to improve the precision of hepatectomy by guiding the segment selection during parenchyma transection.

Objective To explore the relationship between diameter of liver hemangioma and operation risk.Methods The clinical data of 362 patients with liver hemangioma who were admitted to the PLA General Hospital from January 2006 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into the 3 groups according to diameter of gross specimen,217 with tumor diameter≥5 cm and ≤ 10 cm in the large hemangioma group,119 with tumor diameter ＞ 10 cm and ≤20 cm in the giant hemangioma group and 26 with tumor diameter≥20 cm in the extremely large hemangioma group.The operation method included open surgery and laparoscopic surgery.Hepatectomy and enucleation of liver hemangioma were major operation procedures.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of patients with intraoperative blood transfusion,number of patients with postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay were evaluated.Count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as (x) ± s,and comparison among groups was analyzed using the ANOVA.Skewed distribution data were described as M (P25,P75),comparison among groups was analyzed by Kruskal-wallis test and pairwise comparison was done by the MannWhitney U test.Results All patients underwent operation successfully without perioperative death,including 315 receiving open surgery (175 in the large hemangioma group,114 in the giant hemangioma group and 26 in the extremely large hemangioma group) and 47 receiving laparoscopic surgery (42 in the large hemangioma group and 5 in the giant hemangioma group).The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of patients with blood transfusion,number of patients with postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay were 160 minutes (125 minutes,205 minutes),300 mL (100 mL,500 mL),31,5 and 8 days (7 days,9 days) in the large hemangioma group,220 minutes (175 minutes,275 minutes),500 mL (300 mL,1 000mL),36,5 and 9 days (8 days,10 days) in the giant hemangioma group,330 minutes (280 minutes,420 minutes),1 975 mL (800 mL,4 000mL),20,7 and 11 days (9 days,13 days) in the extremely large hemangioma group,respectively,with significant differences (x2 =84.24,80.94,53.65,31.54,47.67,P ＜ 0.05).The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of patients with intraoperative blood transfusion and duration of hospital stay were compared,showing significant differences between large hemangioma group and giant hemangioma group (Z =6.39,6.51,x2 =11.29,Z =4.73,P ＜ 0.05),with significant differences between large hemangioma group and extremely large hemangioma group and between giant hemangioma group and extremely large hemangioma group (Z =7.28,6.91,x2=51.22,Z =5.57,P ＜ 0.05;Z =5.33,4.86,x2=17.69,Z =3.5 1,P ＜ 0.05).Seventeen patients had postoperative complications with an incidence of 4.70％ (17/362),intra-abdominal hemorrhage were detected in 7 patients,perihepatic effusion in 4 patients,pleural effusion in 3 patients,bile leakage in 2 patients and fat liquefaction of abdominal incision in 1 patient.There was no significant difference in the number of patients with postoperative complications between large hemangioma group and giant hemangioma group (x2 =0.41,P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences in the number of patients with postoperative complications between large hemangioma group and extremely large hemangioma group and between giant hemangioma group and extremely large hemangioma group (x2 =24.96,11.67,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Diameber of liver hemangioma is associated with operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of patients with intraoperative blood transfusion,number of patients with postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay,and there is a high risk in the surgical treatment of patients with liver hemangioma diameter≥20 cm.

ObjectiveTo study infection status of voluntary blood donors and epidemic trends of related infectious diseases in Bengbu area.MethodsBlood infection markers(ALT, HBsAg,Anti-HCV,TP and Anti-HIV) of 130 118 voluntary blood donors were detected.Voluntary blood donors were divided into college students group,reservation group and street group.Then, the positive rates of blood infection markers of three groups were compared.ResultsAccounting for 4.41％ ,5 748 voluntary donors of 130 118 volunteers were unqualified.The positive infection rates of students group, reservation group and street group were 2.42％, 4.08％ and 4.85％.The statistical differences of ALT and anti-HCV among these groups were significant (x2 = 35.07,12.31,12.45,116.49, all P ＜0.01),and no statistical significance was found in ALT difference among these groups(x2 = 3.82,0.59, all P ＞0.05).ConclusionThe infection rates of these blood donation related diseases of voluntary donors in bengbu aera showed increasing tendency, and that of college students in bengbu area was relatively lower.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory indicators for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 73 patients with primary HCC who underwent radical partial hepatectomy in the Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital of Tsinghua University from December 2014 to July 2019 were collected. There were 57 males and 16 females, aged from 33 to 81 years, with a median age of 58 years. Results of blood examination indicators at the first time in hospital were determined for patients. Observation indicators: (1) the best cut-off values of?? preoperative inflammatory indicators calculated by the maximally selected rank statistics; (2) follow-up; (3) influencing factors for prognosis of HCC patients; (4) comparison of clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients; (5) comparison of predictive value for overall survival. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination and telephone interview to determine postoperative survival of patients up to September 2019. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range). The best cut-off values ??for continuous variables were obtained using the maximally selected rank statistics based on survival at endpoint of follow-up. Count data were represented as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, and Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Univariate analysis was performed using the Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the COX proportional hazard model. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to compare the predictive value of independent prognostic factors. Results:(1) The best cut-off values of?? preoperative inflammatory indicators calculated by the maximally selected rank statistics: the best cut-off values of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and prognostic nutrition index (PNI) were 3.46, 131.05, and 45.65. (2) Follow-up: 73 patients were followed up for 31 months (range, 2-57 months). Twenty patients died during the follow-up. (3) Influencing factors for prognosis of HCC patients: results of univariate analysis showed that NLR, PNI, tumor diameter, and tumor differentiation degree were related factors affecting prognosis of patients ( χ2=10.213, 4.434, 5.174, 4.306, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that NLR and tumor differentiation degree were independent factors affecting prognosis of patients ( hazzard ratio=4.429, 13.278, 95% confidence interval as 1.662-11.779, 1.056-10.169, P<0.05). (4) Comparison of clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients: of 73 patients, 64 cases had NLR<3.46 and 9 cases had NLR≥3.46. Cases with tumor length >5 cm or ≤5 cm, neutrophils, lymphocytes were 23, 41, (2.9±1.2)×10 9/L, (1.7±0.6)×10 9/L for 64 patients with NLR<3.46, versus 8, 1, (5.8±2.9)×10 9/L, (1.0±0.3)×10 9/L for 9 patients with NLR≥3.46; there were significant differences in above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=7.017, t=2.982, -3.168, P<0.05). (5) Comparison of predictive value for overall survival: time-dependent ROC curves of NLR and tumor differentiation degree for 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-year survival rates had the area under curve of 0.735,0.611, 0.596, 0.574 and 0.554, 0.583, 0.572, 0.556, respectively. NLR had better predictive value for overall survival of patients than tumor differentiation degree. Conclusion:Preoperative NLR is an independent factor affecting prognosis patients, and its predictive efficacy is better than tumor differentiation degree.

Objective To detect the expression of BAT2L protein in developmental brain of rats.Methods Expression,distribution and location of BAT2L protein in developmental brain rats on embryonic day 18,postnatal days 1,7 and 15 and in adult at different time points were detected by Western blotting analysis,immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence,respectively.Results Western blotting showed that the BAT2L protein expression level was higher in brain of rats on embryonic day 18,postnatal days 1 and 7 than on postnatal day 15 and in brain of adult rats.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that the BAT2L protein was distributed and located in cell membrane and cytoplasm of neurons but not in nuclei and extra-cellular space.Positive neurons were widely distributed in cerebral and cerebellar cortex,hippocampus and cerebral ganglion.The morphology of neurons was significantly different in newborn and adult rats.Positive prominences and branches of certain neurons were found in brain tissues of newborn rats but hardly in those of adult rats.Conclusion BAT2L protein is specifically expressed in cell body,membrane and prominence of neurons in brain of rats.