This paper describes a detailed procedure for updating of GP TM210 treadmill system without changing the application software.By changing the hardware of computer and updating the operation system,the performance is improved greatly.

Objective To summarize the experiences got from perioperative management for intravital liver transplantation. Methods Of 30 cases of intravital liver transplantation, executed from June 2006 to December 2007 in the General Hospital of PLA, the data of perioperative management were retrospectively analyzed. Among the recipients, 26 received right hepatic lobe including middle hepatic vein (MHV), 2 received right hepatic lobe without MHV, 1 received complementary liver transplantation with MHV in left half liver, and the remained one received right hepatic lobe plus left external lobe including MHV. The primary diseases in the recipients included serious chronic hepatitis (8 cases), primary hepatocarcinoma (9 cases), fulminant hepatic failure (5 cases), final-stage cirrhosis (5 cases), and one each of liver purpura, liver angiosarcoma and Kinnier-Wilson syndrome. On Child-Pugh status, 5 cases in grade A, 9 in grade B and 16 in grade C. The score on the model for end-stage of liver disease (MEHD) was 27.7 (6.8-45.6). The total and right half liver volumes of donors were evaluated by conventional 3-D CT, and well-provided preoperative evaluation was done to both donors and recipients. Results For donors the average length of stay was 11 days (9-15) and average blood loss was 341 ml (160-1200ml), only one donor suffered from intra-operative blood loss of 1200 ml and then received 600 ml of concentrated erythrocytes. No severe complications were found in donors, and all of them recovered finally. The complications occurred in 5 recipients (16.7%), including bile leakage (2 cases), pulmonary infection (2 cases) and one case of diffusive Aspergillus infection. The survival rate of recipients was 90% (27/30), 2 recipients died from severe pulmonary infection and 1 from diffusive Aspergillus infection. Conclusion Sufficient pre-operative assessment for both donors and recipients and exquisite technology are the keys for a successful liver transplantation, and well-provided perioperative managements are also requirements.

Objective To develop a portable and automatic quick screener for noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL),which is suitable for airman and ground crew.Methods Through using audio decoder chip VS1003 to achieve quick screener for noise-induced hearing loss and pre-exposing for special background noise.LPC2148 of ARM7-TDMI configuration was adopted as main controlling chip,and its software design was completed by multitask scheduler based on UCOS-Ⅱ,while the FAT system controlled the read-write to the files in SD card.The signal emergence,change in hearing class,frequency selection as well as records of subject reaction were automatically achieved.Results The system can produce stable signal of exact frequency according to GBZ49-2002 Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Noise-induced Hearing Loss to output stability of the frequency and intensity of the audio signal,and the specific context of the noise pre-exposure function with screening of hearing impairment was achieved automatically.Conclusion Based on the great power of embedded system and VS1003,the portable and automatic quick screener for noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) can be developed to carry out many functions,which has several features,such as simple structure,high integration,good stability and use of flexible etc.

The principle and characteristics of I2C BUS are introduced as well as its application in multi physiological parameters measurement system.The hardware and software design of I2C BUS of multi physiological parameters measurement system are discussed.The system achieves the purpose of the design and the technology of I2C BUS meets the requirement in multi physiological parameters measurement system,including the acquisition of low frequency physiological parameters.I2C BUS predigests the design of hardware and software,thus reducing the cost of system.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):91-93]

Objective To observe the relationship between vitamin D3 and the severity as well as prognosis in patients with sepsis, and to explore whether exogenous vitamin D3 can improve the prognosis in patients with sepsis.Methods A prospective randomized double-blind placebo study was conducted. Fifty-seven patients with sepsis admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from March to November in 2015 were enrolled. Twenty patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and 20 healthy volunteers with normal physical examination as control were enrolled during the same time. Patients with sepsis were divided into general sepsis group and severe sepsis group (including septic shock) according to the criteria for the diagnosis of severe sepsis and septic shock in 2012. According to the diagnostic criteria established by the American Endocrine Society, and on the basis of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], the sepsis patients with deficiency [25(OH)D320-30μg/L] or insufficiency [25(OH)D3 < 20μg/L] of vitamin D were divided into D3 treatment group (supplemented 300 kU vitamin D3) and placebo group (injected 1 mL physiological saline). 28th day was set as the end point, and the patients with sepsis were divided into survival group and death group. The levels of serum 25(OH)D3 in each group were measured by electrochemical luminescence method, and the difference in 25(OH)D3 levels among patients with different severity, gender, and age were recorded. Procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood routine, liver and kidney function, electrolytes and arterial blood gas analysis, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) and sequential organ failure score (SOFA), duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay of patients with sepsis were observed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of prognosis in patients with sepsis.Results ① In 57 patients with sepsis, there were 15 patients in general sepsis group, and 42 in severe sepsis group; 29 in D3 treatment group, and 28 in the placebo group; 8 patients died within 28 days with mortality rate of 14.04%. ② The levels of serum 25(OH)D3 in sepsis group and SIRS group were significantly lower than those in healthy control group [μg/L: 3.92 (< 3.00, 11.22), 6.99 (3.51, 9.77) vs. 17.25 (13.48, 22.50), both P < 0.01], but there was no significant difference in the serum 25(OH)D3 level between sepsis group and SIRS group as well as patients with different degrees of sepsis. The serum 25(OH)D3 level in female patients with sepsis (n = 24) was significantly lower than that in male (n = 33), and the difference was statistically significant [μg/L: <3.00 (<3.00, 3.87) vs. 11.96 (5.14, 17.29),Z = -4.020,P = 0.000]. There was no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D3 level between the young (age <60 years old,n = 30) and the old (age ≥ 60 years old,n = 27) patients with sepsis [μg/L: 4.54 (<3.00, 9.88) vs. 3.00 (<3.00, 15.08),Z = -0.601,P = 0.548]. ③ In patients with sepsis, there was no significant difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation [hours: 41.00 (7.50, 82.50) vs. 67.00 (4.75, 127.75)], length of ICU stay (days: 5.48±4.08 vs. 6.68±4.87) and 28-day mortality (10.34% vs. 17.86%) between D3 treatment group and placebo group (allP > 0.05). It was shown by Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis that there was no significance in 28-day accumulated survived rate between the two groups [log-rank test: χ2 = 0.222,P = 0.638]. It was shown by multivariate Cox regression analysis that APACHE Ⅱ score [relative risk (RR) = 8.487, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.506-47.835, P = 0.015] and 25(OH)D3 < 20μg/L (RR = 0.088, 95%CI = 0.013-0.592,P = 0.012) were the risk factors of prognosis in patients with sepsis.Conclusions The serum 25(OH)D3 level in ICU patients with sepsis was lower than that in healthy people, but there was no significant difference between patients with sepsis and SIRS. The serum 25(OH)D3 level in sepsis patients was related with gender, and the level of the female was lower than that of the male, but was not related with age. Exogenous vitamin D3 supplementation cannot improve the prognosis of ICU patients with sepsis. APACHE Ⅱ score and 25(OH)D3 < 20μg/L were risk factors for the prognosis in ICU patients with sepsis.

Objective In order to improve cirrhotic liver management,each aspect of the liver's complex blood flow must be understood.This study investigates the protective effect of portal vein occlusion,with hepatic artery preservation,on cirrhotic liver after ischemia and reperfusion.Methods Carbon tetrachlorideand induced cirrhotic rats and normal rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups:normal sham operation (N-SO),cirrotic sham operation (C-SO),portal triad clamping (PTC),and portal vein clamping without hepatic artery inflow control (PVC).During the occlusion,the total 3-minute blood loss from the liver surface cut was weighed.At 1,6,and 24 hours post reperfusion,the serum alapine amino transferas (ALT),the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of liver tissue,the malonolialdehgde (MDA) of liver tissue,and the morphological changes were evaluated.Result The amount of hemorrhage between the groups ranked as follows:PTC ＜ PVC ＜ N-SO ＜ C-SO (P＜0.05).At 1,6,and 24 hours post reperfusion.the ALT and MDA levels of the groups ranked as follows:PTC ＞ PVC ＞ C-SO ＞ N-SO (P＜0.05).Additionally,each group's ATP level ranked as follows:PTC ＜ PVC ＜ C-SO ＜ N-SO (P＜0.05).With histopathological examination,the hepatic injuries of the PTC and PVC group were more severe than those of the C-SO group,especially in the PTC group.Conclusion Therefore,the technique of portal vein clamping and hepatic artery inflow control can reduce the ischemic reperfusion injury of the cirrhotic rats' liver.

Objective For benign or tumor of borderline malignancy in the distal pancreas,a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy can be carried out.This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of this operation.Methods Between June 2009 and March 2012,7 patients underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy assisted by the da Vinci Robotic System (RDP) for benign or pancreatic tumor with borderline malignancy.The clinical data were analyzed.Results Robotic-assisted spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was successfully carried out in 6 patients,with robotic assisted splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy on the remaining patient.Among them,to the 6 patients with distal pancreatectomy,one patient received right adrenal tumor resection and another patient received cholecystectomy.The average operation time was 368 minutes,and the blood loss was 200 ml.One patient developed postoperative bleeding,and was treated conservatively with hemostatic drugs (grade Ⅱ).There was no conversion to laparotomy.According to the international pancreatic fistula research team's classification of postoperative pancreatic fistula,1 patients were diagnosed to have pancreatic fistula (grade A).The mean postoperative hospital stay was 8.7 days.There were no other complications.Conclusions Robotic-assisted spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was safe and feasible.The Kimura operation was used in spleen-preserving operations because its 3D visual field and stability in control helped to preserve splenic blood supply and reduced the chance of postoperative regional portal hypertension.

ObjectiveTo share the experience of arterial plasty and reconstruction of variant arteries in living donor liver transplantation. MethodsFrom September 2006 to May 2010, 73 living donor liver grafts (64 cases using the right lobe,9 cases using left lobe) were used in patients with end-stage liver disease. The hepatic arteries were evaluated preoperatively with computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography. Back-table arterial plasty was performed under a microscope or a loupe according to arterial variation. We described technical points based on anatomic variations. There were 13 (17. 8 ％) liver grafts with anatomic hepatic arterial variations and all of these cases were subjected to back-table reconstruction with interrupted 8-0 or 9-0 nonabsorbable nylon monofilament sutures according to the diameter of artery. ResultsIn 3 cases, the associate right hepatic arteries that were arisen from superior esenteric arteris (SMA) were reconstructed to cystic arteries. In 2 cases with the associate right hepatic arteries arisen from the abdominal trunk, the right hepatic arteries and associate right hepatic arteries of donors were anastomosed with right hepatic arteries and left hepatic arteries in recipients respectively. In 2 donors, hepatic arteries had branches, which were reconstructed. All of the arterial plasty were conducted on a back table. No arterial thrombosis was found during a postoperative follow-up period of 6 months. ConclusionLive donor liver transplantation using the right lobe with hepatic artery variation can be performed safely, but there is a potential operative risk of severe complication after transplantation. Tominimize operative difficulties and complications, back-table reconstruction should be applied and proper treatment is given according to individual situations to ensure a safe and satisfactory outcome

OBJECTIVE To explore the treatment measure of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation.METHODS The clinical data of 78 cases of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS The incidence of pulmonary infection in this group of patients was 48.8%.The mean onset time of the first pulmonary infection after operation was(9.56?5.53)days after surgery.Forty four patients were diagnosed as right pneumonia,14 as left pneumonia,and 20 bilateral pneumonia.Long operation time,mechanical ventilatory time,abdominal bleeding,intraoperative total fluid perfusion and renal dysfunction after liver transplantation were risk factors of pulmonary infection.87.2% Of these patients improved,and 12.8% died.CONCLUSIONS The mortality of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation is high.Bacteria and fungi are the major pathogens.The key of prevention and cure of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation wis included of cutting down operation time,lessening abdominal bleeding,controlling intraoperative fluid perfusion,extubating as soon as possible,protecting renal dysfunction and raising pathogeny to check.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of lamivudine on prophylaxis against hepatitis B virus(HBV) reinfection following orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT).METHODS The clinical data of 14 CLT recipients with HBV-related diseases received lamivudine(100mg/day) were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital.Hepatitis B serum markers,serum HBVDNA,and YMDD district variation were detected every two weeks.HBsAg and HBcAg in the liver specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry.Liver biopsy was conducted from the donor during operation and from the recipient postoperatively in a regular interval.RESULTS The reinfection took place in 4 patients and postoperatively(28.6%),HBV-DNA was transfered to the positive in 2 cases,and among them was 1 YMDD district produced and made a variation. Two cases with positive HBV-DNA before liver transplantation had higher HBV reinfection rate postoperatively.CONCLUSIONS Lamivudine monotherapy can effectively and definitely;preven HBV reinfection after liver transplantation HBV reinfection can produce YMDD district and make a variation again;HBV relevant diseases patient should negatively turn the HBV-DNA at the time of competent liver transplantation.