Biotoxins, which include bacterial, fungal, marine, plant, and animal toxins, are widespread in living and occupational environments, posing potential threats to human health. Rapid detection of biotoxins in blood is crucial for preventing health hazards and enabling timely disease diagnosis and treatment. Biosensors and immunoassay technologies have critical advantages in the rapid detection of biotoxins in blood. Common biosensors, such as surface plasmon resonance biosensors and fluorescent biosensors, enhance sensitivity and reduce detection limits through signal amplification. Common immunoassay methods, such as colloidal gold immunochromatography, fluorescence immunochromatography, and chemiluminescence immunoassay, improve detection efficacy and sensitivity through specific antibody-antigen binding and nanotechnology. However, current rapid detection technologies of bitoxins in blood face challenges such as matrix interference and insufficient specificity, and they fall short in high-throughput detection of multiple toxins simultaneously. Future developments should focus on improving sample pretreatment, innovating signal amplification methods, enhancing specificity on recognition of elements, and designing portable detection devices and high-throughput platforms for simultaneous toxin analysis. These advancements aim to improve the sensitivity and reliability of detection methods, providing more accurate and convenient solutions for biotoxin detection in blood.

ObjectiveIn order to improve the recognition accuracy of named entities in medical record texts and realize the effective mining and utilization of medical record knowledge， a Bert-Radical-Lexicon（BRL） neural network model is constructed to recognize medical record entities with respect to the characteristics of medical record texts. MethodWe selected 408 medical records related to hypertension from the the Complete Library of Famous Medical Records of Chinese Dynasties and constructed a dataset consisting of 1 672 medical records by manually labeling. Then， we randomly divided the dataset into three subsets， including the training set（1 004 cases）， the testing set （334 cases） and the validation set（334 cases）. Based on this dataset， we built a BRL model that fused various text features of medical records， as well as its variants BRL-B， BRL-L and BRL-R， and a baseline model Base for experiments. During the model training phase， we trained the above models using the training set to reduce the risk of overfitting. We continuously monitored the performance of each model on the validation set during training and saved the model with the best performance. Finally， we evaluated the performance of these models on the testing set. ResultCompared with other models， the BRL model had the best performance in the medical records named entity recognition task， with an overall recognition precision of 90.09%， a recall of 90.61%， and the harmonic mean of the precision and recall（F1） of 90.35% for eight types of entities， including disease， symptom， tongue manifestation， pulse condition， syndrome， method of treatment， prescription and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. Compared with the Base model， the BRL model improved the overall F1 value of entity recognition by 5.22%， and the F1 value of pulse condition entity increased by 6.92%， which was the largest increase. ConclusionBy incorporating a variety of medical record text features in the embedding layer， the BRL neural network model has stronger named entity recognition ability， and thus extracts more accurate and reliable TCM clinical information.

Objective:To explore the critical value of different blood group antibody titration in ABO blood group incompatible kidney transplant(ABOi-KT)recipients by tube and gel methods to provide rationales for selecting the threshold value of antibody titration before ABOi-KT.Methods:From January 2019 to April 2021, 681 blood group antibody titrations were performed for 214 ABOi-KT recipients.There were type A( n=135), type B( n=168)and type O( n=378). The difference, correlation and consistency of two methods were statistically analyzed. Results:Tube method was 2 gradients lower than gel method(4-fold dilution)and the results were significantly different( P<0.000 1). Spearman's test indicated that the results of two methods were significantly correlated( P<0.000 1). The results of intraclass correlation coefficient showed that the consistency of two methods was general for type A recipients(ICC=0.640), decent for type B recipients(ICC=0.751)and poor for type O recipients(ICC<0.4). When the critical value of tube method was set, titration of type A anti-B was 16, titration of type B anti-A 8 and titration of type O anti-A/B 8.And the corresponding critical values of gel was type A anti-B 32, type B anti-A 16 and type O anti-A/B 16. Conclusions:The results of ABO blood group IgM antibody titration by gel and tube methods are correlative.And gel method is recommended for more stable and reproducible results.

Objective: To analyze relationships between levels of 24 hour movement (physical activity, screen time and sleep) and childhood obesity in students aged 7-18 years. Methods: This study used data from students aged 7-18 years in the 2015 China health and nutrition survey, and assessed levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep based on the Canadian 24 hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth. Associations between levels of 24 hour movement and childhood obesity were assessed using multivariable Logistic regression models. Results: The overall rate of overweight and obesity was 21.56%. Proportions of students meeting the guidelines for physical activity, screen time, sleep and three behaviors combined were 24.84%, 38.69%, 57.08%, and 6.77%, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, location of residence and nationality, students meeting the sleep guideline were less likely to be overweight and obese than those who did not(OR=0.73)， students meeting both sleep and screen time guidelines had a lower risk in overweight and obesity than those met neither guidelines(OR=0.58)(P<0.05). However, other behaviors and behavior combinations showed no significant associations with overweight and obesity. Conclusion Only a small proportion of students met all three 24 hour movement guidelines. Ensuring adequate sleep and limiting excessive screen time may be an important strategy for childhood obesity prevention and management.

Background: Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) and FUT3 specifically catalyze the biosynthesis of human histo-blood group antigens, and has been demonstrated to be closely related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there are few clinical studies focusing on FUT2, FUT3 and IBD. Aims: To investigate the expressions of FUT2 and FUT3 in intestinal mucosa of IBD patients with various clinical characteristics and their clinical relevance. Methods: Patients initially diagnosed as active IBD in the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University from January 2019 to December 2020 were recruited consecutively. Endoscopic biopsy specimens prior to the initiation of treatment were collected to assess the expressions of FUT2 and FUT3 immunohistochemically. Correlations of FUT2, FUT3 with the clinical characteristics and inflammatory indicators were analyzed. Results: Seventy cases of ulcerative colitis (UC), 37 Crohn's disease (CD), and 66 healthy subjects were enrolled. The positivity rate and relative expression level of FUT2 were decreased, while those of FUT3 were increased in CD group than in control group (all P<0.05). In UC group, the relative expression levels of both FUT2 and FUT3 were increased as compared with control group (all P<0.05). No correlations were observed between expressions of FUT2, FUT3 and the disease severity, disease extent/location, clinical manifestations (including abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever and anemia), and alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking in IBD patients (all P>0.05). But moderate positive correlations were found between FUT3 expression and the serum C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin (r=0.259, P=0.007; r=0.388, P=0.001). Conclusions: FUT2 and FUT3 might be used as indicators for the assistant diagnosis of IBD and assessment of drug therapy response.

The clinical assessment of the risk of rupture and dissection of thoracic aortic aneurysm(TAA) is mainly dependent on the measurement of the maximum diameter and growth rate of the aneurysm itself. The use of aortic size alone may ignore the role of vascular heterogeneity in assessing the risk of catastrophic complications. Biomechanics could help predict the risk of TAA in a more sophisticated way. In this paper, we reviewed the latest advances in biomechanical assessment of risk characteristics of TAA.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of cognitive function in patients with early onset and adult onset schizophrenia.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 546 patients with schizophrenia who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) were selected.Among them, 62 cases were defined as early onset schizophrenia (EOS, age of onset＜18 years) and 175 patients were defined as adult onset schizophrenia (AOS, age of onset≥25 years).Patients underwent clinical assessments with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments.Results:The EOS patients got lower scores in motor function-PEGDOM T score [ (26±12) vs. (30±11), P＜0.01], working memory-average T score of PASAT and WMSSP[ (34±12) vs. (38±10), P＜0.05]and executive function (inhibition) -Stroop T score [ (35±12) vs. (39±10), P＜0.05]than AOS patients.No differences were fund in processing speed, verbal memory and learning, visual memory and learning (Ps＞0.05) between the two groups.Conclusion:It suggests that the EOS patients have worse motor function, working memory and inhibition.

Objective: To preliminary, explore the effect of small intestinal epithelial dendritic cells on the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Methods: Thirty-two (half male and half female) 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups. The mice were fed with normal diet (SD group) and high-fat diet (HFD group). Eight mice (half male and half female) were randomly killed from each group over the 14 and 20-weeks feeding period to observe their body weight, liver and small-intestine wet weight. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglyceride were determined by eyeball blood samples. Pathological diagnosis and alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score were collected. The number of mice small intestinal dendritic cells was observed under a microscope. Statistical analysis was performed to compare two groups of independent samples with homogeneity test of variance, t test, and covariance analysis. Results: The body weight, liver wet weight, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase of mice in HFD group were significantly higher than those of control group at 20 weeks (P < 0.05), and the serum high density lipoprotein of mice in HFD group was significantly higher than that of SD group at 14 weeks (P < 0.05). At 14th weeks, the liver tissue of mice in HFD group had early pathological manifestations of hepatitis (fatty degeneration, punctate necrosis and balloon-like degeneration). Of which 87.5% (7/8) of them were diagnosed as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, while only a few mice in SD group had early pathological manifestations of hepatitis. At 20th weeks, all mice in HFD group were diagnosed with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, while none of the mice in SD group was diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. At both time points, the percentage of small intestinal dendritic cells in HFD group was significantly higher than that in SD group (14 weeks: 4.181 ± 4.314 vs. 15.099 ± 10.349; 20 weeks: 9.615 ± 8.267 vs. 32.839 ± 24.475, both P < 0.05). Statistical analysis combined with the alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score showed that there was no linear correlation between the two groups (regression coefficient was 20.196%). Conclusion The number and different staging of small intestinal dendritic cells in mice is associated with the occurrence and development of NAFLD.

Objective To explore clinical characteristics of patients with Klinefelter′s syndrome(KS; 47,XXY).Methods 227 male patients with 47,XXY treated by artificial insemination with donor(AID)were included.Age, education, height, weight, body mass index(BMI), testicular volume, FSH, LH, testosterone(T), prolactin(PRL), estradiol(E2)were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of these patients, their height were(176.4±5.5)cm, weight(74.5±12.7)kg, BMI(23.89±3.66)kg/m2[77 of overweight(33.92%)and 34 of obesity(14.98%)], FSH(38.35±14.33)IU/L, LH(19.40±9.00)IU/L, T(132.00±194.50)ng/dl, E2(23.90±15.00)ng/L, PRL(10.50±8.20)μg/L, E2/T 0.21±0.80.Testicular volume had the positive association with the level of T(r=0.197, P=0.003).BMI had the negative association with the serum concentration of T(r=-0.284, P=0.000), while positive association with the E2(r=0.174, P=0.009)and ratio of E2/T(r=0.323, P=0.000).Age had no association with T, E2, and E2/T(P>0.05), but had negative association with the serum concentration of LH(r=-0.154, P=0.02)nd FSH(r=-0.196,P=0.03).The higher education group were older(P<0.01), while the level of T were lower(P<0.01).Conclusion In patients with Klinefelter′s syndrome(KS; 47,XXY), level of T may associate with testicular volume.T, E2, and the ratio of E2/T seem to associate with their height, BMI, and education level.

The effects of glutamate transporters on synaptic plasticity in rat models of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus were investigated. Male Wista rats ((304.06?13.79) g) were randomly divided into 5 groups, short-term seizures (SE) and its control (SC), long-term seizures (LE) and its control(LC), normal control (Sham) groups. Epilepsy rat models were induced by injection of pilocarpine(25 mg/kg, i.d.). Glutamate transporter inhibitor, DL-threo-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA, 7.5 nmol,1 ?l) was microinjected into right side of hippocampus after 14 days of initial status epilepticus in SE and LE groups. The same volumes of artificial cerebrospinal fluid were injected into same side of hippocampus in SC and LC groups. Electroencephalographys (EEG) were detected in SE and SC groups after 2 h of drug injection. Long term potential (LTP) at perforant pathway and dentate gyrus(PP-DG) and EEG were recorded in LE and LC groups after two weeks of drug injection. Example of Fluoro-Jade-B staining in the rat brain was made at the end of electrophysiological experiment. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in theta band power of EEG in SE group compared with that of SC group (P 0.05). The slope of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) was significantly increased in LE group compared with that of LC group (P