Transforming growth factor-?(TGF-?) is a multifunctional growth factor. It plays a very important role in the growth, dif ferentiation, migration, apoptosis of cells and production of extracellular matr ix throughout many signaling pathways. MAPK cascade is one of those signaling pa thways. TGF-? can activate MAPKs and fulfill its multiple regulation on a varie ty of cells.

Objective: To observe the effect of the combination of acupuncture and medication on orthostatic hypotension after incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. Methods: Ninety-two patients with orthostatic hypotension after incomplete cervical spinal cord injury were divided into two groups according to the random number table method, with 46 cases in each group. The control group was treated with oral midodrine hydrochloride on the basis of conventional treatment, and the observation group was treated with acupuncture in addition to the intervention used in the control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The changes in supine and orthostatic blood pressures, motor and sensory scores, quadriplegic function index score, clinical efficacy, and safety evaluation were observed. Results: During the treatment, 2 cases dropped out in the observation group, and 3 cases dropped out in the control group. After 4 weeks of treatment, the clinical efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the supine systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the two groups had no significant changes (P>0.05), while the orthostatic systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, the motor and sensory scores, and the quadriplegic function index score were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Adverse reactions were mild in both groups. Conclusion: The combination of acupuncture and medication can significantly improve the orthostatic blood pressure, motor and sensory function and daily living ability of patients with orthostatic hypotension after incomplete cervical spinal cord injury, and it is safe and reliable.

Based on the idea that the pathogenic-etiologic mechanism is the " blockadeof liver channels, blood stasis and Qi stagnation resulting in malnutrition of liver due to iack of blood supply", the treating principle of " e-liminating stasis and supporting body resistance" was established with the combined use of extracts from peach -kernel plus cordicep hypha. 6 cases were thus treated. All of them received laparoscopy , and liver biopsy before and after the treatment. The gross appearance, histology and ultra. - microscopic structure and irnmuno - histo - chemistry were examined. Results showed that most of the activatedfat - storage cells after treatment were silent the I, III types of collagen depo - sited among the spaces of peri - sinusoid and liver cells and FN, LM weredecreased in part of the patient, resulting in less intrahepatic fibrosis, degradation of collagen fibres deposited in inter hepatic cellular spaces, inhibition and reversion of capillariza-tion oi liver sinusoid, hence, improvement of degener-ation of liver cells in most cases. The texture of the liver were turning normal with amelioration of portal hypertension and decrease of varicose mesenteric ves-seis. The liver turned red, swelling of falciform lig(?)-ment disappeared, and ascitis subsided.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy

Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA, Beijing Version) was chosen as cognition assessment implement. 63 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were chosen to form a research group, and 27 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal cognitive function served as a control group. It was found that atherosclerosis played an important role in the pathogenesis of MCI in type 2diabetes, therefore, early prevention and management of atherosclerosis may help to improve the cognitive function.

Objective To investigate the effects of dapagliflozin combined with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)on hemorheology and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 102 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Quanzhou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2020 to October 2022 were randomly divided into two groups,with 51 cases in each group.Control group was treated with dapagliflozin,while study group received a combination therapy of dapagliflozin and GLP-1 RAs(liraglutide).The clini-cal efficacy,blood glucose indicators[fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour postprandial glucose(2 hPG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)],fasting insulin(FINS)and insulin resistance[homeosta-sis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),homeostasis model assessment of β-cell func-tion(HOMA-β)],lipid indicators[total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)],hemorheological indicators[erythrocyte aggregation index(EAI),hematocrit(HCT),erythrocyte deformation index(EDI),plas-ma viscosity(PV)],and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate was 94.12％in the study group,which was significantly higher than 8 0.3 9％in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,FBG,2 hPG,HbA1c and BMI were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups,and levels of FBG,2 hPG and HbAlc in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,FINS and HOMA-β in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while HOMA-IR was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,HDL-C level was significantly higher than that before treatment in both groups,while TC,TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in both groups;additionally,HDL-C level after treatment in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group,while TC,TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,EAI,HCT,EDI and PV levels were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups,and levels of indexes mentioned above in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 11.76％,which showed no significant difference when compared to 9.80％in the control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion The combina-tion therapy of dapagliflozin and GLP-1 RAs(liraglutide)is effective in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,which can effectively regulate blood glucose and lipid levels,alleviate insulin resistance,and improve hemorheological indicators.

Objective To investigate the effects of dapagliflozin combined with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)on hemorheology and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 102 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Quanzhou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2020 to October 2022 were randomly divided into two groups,with 51 cases in each group.Control group was treated with dapagliflozin,while study group received a combination therapy of dapagliflozin and GLP-1 RAs(liraglutide).The clini-cal efficacy,blood glucose indicators[fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour postprandial glucose(2 hPG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)],fasting insulin(FINS)and insulin resistance[homeosta-sis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),homeostasis model assessment of β-cell func-tion(HOMA-β)],lipid indicators[total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)],hemorheological indicators[erythrocyte aggregation index(EAI),hematocrit(HCT),erythrocyte deformation index(EDI),plas-ma viscosity(PV)],and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate was 94.12％in the study group,which was significantly higher than 8 0.3 9％in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,FBG,2 hPG,HbA1c and BMI were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups,and levels of FBG,2 hPG and HbAlc in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,FINS and HOMA-β in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while HOMA-IR was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,HDL-C level was significantly higher than that before treatment in both groups,while TC,TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in both groups;additionally,HDL-C level after treatment in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group,while TC,TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,EAI,HCT,EDI and PV levels were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups,and levels of indexes mentioned above in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 11.76％,which showed no significant difference when compared to 9.80％in the control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion The combina-tion therapy of dapagliflozin and GLP-1 RAs(liraglutide)is effective in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,which can effectively regulate blood glucose and lipid levels,alleviate insulin resistance,and improve hemorheological indicators.