is lesion size and staging in pre-operative and etiologies are the risk factors associated with postoperative progression.

Objective:To make an ideal model for liver transplantation. Methods:On the basis of cuff technique,we carried out 62 cases of orthotopic liver transplantation in 3 months. In the transplantation,we anastomosed the portal vein and subhepatic vena cava with cuff and conneted the suprahepatic vena cava to the recipient's diaphragm with 9-0 running suture. Results:The average time of acquiring donor liver was 32 minutes, reqairing liver was 12 minutes,unhepatic phase was 18 minutes.62 liver transplantation operations were carried out ,in which the operation success rate in late 30 cases was 90%. Conclusion:The results show that the model is stable and can be used in the experiment of liver transplantation.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of sustained spinal cord compression on spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsTwenty four dogs underwent sustained spinal cord compression for 30 minutes (group A), 90 minutes (group B) and 180 min (group C) with a device designed by the authors for weight loading spinal compression, and anthor four dogs as the control group (group D) only underwent surgical operation without SCI. Cortex somatosensory evoked potentials (CSEP) were monitored during all the procedure of making model. The changes of pathologic histology, imaging and behavior examination of all animals were observed.ResultsThe lesion degrees gradually increased from group A to group C (P<0.01), and there was similar outcome in MRI imaging. The behavior improvement in group A was more significantly than that in groups B and C (P<0.05).ConclusionSustained spinal cord compression aggravates the extent of SCI process, and the decompression must be taken as soon as possible.

Objective To assess the impact factors of surgical site infection(SSI) in the department of general surgery,the improve the quality of the target of monitoring,provide clinical theoretical basis for reducing the incidence of SSI.Methods In 2015,920 patients who underwent general surgery was took in the targeted monitoring of SSI.SPSS19.0 software was used to analyzing the data.Results The infection rate was 4.35％;Surgical site infection rate was rising,with the increase of NNIS.17 pathogens were isolated,including 11 Escherichia colis which was the most.The incidence of the SSI was 2.40％ between two groups in the patients who underwent the elective surgeries 10.85％,in the patients who underwent emergency surgery.there was significant difference between two groups(x2 =27.997,P＜0.05).The type Ⅱ surgical incision was smain type in the department of general surgery,the incidence of the typeⅡ surgical incision was 2.27％,the incidence of the typeⅢ surgical incision was 21.90％,no SSI occurred in the type Ⅰ surgical incision;SSI incidence of surgery time which was more than 3 h was 7.27％,less than 3 h was 3.71 ％,there was significant difference between two groups(x2 =4.136,P＜0.05);the SSI incidence of the incision length ≥10 cm was 13.11 ％,less than 10 cm was 1.82％,the difference was statistically significant (x2=48.966,P＜0.05).Conclusion NNIS score,wound type,type of surgery,duration of surgery may become the risk factors SSI.

OBJECTIVETo establish a mouse model of hypospadias induced by flutamide to further studying molecular mechanisms of hypospadias etiology.

METHODSEighty timed pregnant ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups. Flutamide was injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with mixture sesame oil at 0 (Group A), 25 (Group B), 50 (Group C), 100 (Group D) mg.kg-1.d-1 from GD (gestation days) 12 to 16, respectively. The fetuses of two pregnants from each group were anatomized to observe the position of testes and the development of prostates on the day of delivery. Urethras and the position of testes were examined on postnatal day 28.

RESULTSHypospadias was seen in Group A (0), B (44.2%), C (92.7%) and D (100%), and cryptorchidism in Group A (0), B (4.8%), C (23.2%) and D (32.4%), respectively. Flutamide caused 100% incidence of prostate agenesis in Group C and D and 19.2% in Group B, and 100% incidence of female-like anogenital distance in Group B, C, and D.

CONCLUSIONThe experimental model of hypospadias induced by flutamide is steadier and more suitable for popularization.

Androgen Antagonists ; toxicity ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetus ; drug effects ; Flutamide ; toxicity ; Hypospadias ; chemically induced ; Male ; Mice ; Pregnancy

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT-guided targeted prostate biopsy for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa). Methods:This retrospective analysis allocated 89 patients with elevated PSA levels between 4.0-20.0 ng/ml to PET group(n=48) or TRUS group(n=41) between September 2017 and June 2019. Patients with PSMA-avid lesions (SUV max≥8.0) underwent PET-TB via a single-puncture percutaneous transgluteal approach (n=19), while patients with negative PSMA-PET underwent systematic TRUS-GB (n=29). Patients in the TRUS group who did not get 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT examination underwent TRUS-GB directly (n=41). The mean age, prostate volume, PSA value of PET group and TURS group were (71.2±9.1) years vs. (68.0±12.0) years, (62.9±29.1)ml vs. (65.4±38.9)ml , 8.8(6.6, 13.6) ng/ml vs. 9.8(7.1, 13.1)ng/ml, respectively (all P>0.05). The diagnostic efficacy and difference of PCa and csPCa between the two groups were compared. PET-TB adopts a new mode of percutaneous gluteus approach and carries out precise image fusion of PSMA-PET/CT and pelvic CT in the same machine and in the same position (prone position). Under the direct guidance of CT, the biopsy is performed with only one precise puncture. Results:PCa and csPCa were detected in 27/89(30.3%)and 20/89(22.5%)in all patients. PET group detected significantly more cases of PCa and csPCa than those of TRUS group [PCa: 41.7%(20/48) vs. 17.1%(7/41), χ2=6.328; csPCa: 33.3%(16/48) vs. 9.8%(4/41), χ2=7.055, P<0.01]. Of 19 patients with PSMA-PET positive, PET-TB detected 16 cases of PCa(84.2%) by a single needle puncture, and the proportions of cancer tissues were ≥80% in 2, 50%-79% in 8, and <50% in 6 cases. Among these, Gleason score was underestimated by biopsy histopathology in 2 patients. Of 3 patients with PET-TB negative, 1 case of low-risk PCa(Gleason 3+ 3) was detected by complementary TRUS-GB. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT(SUV max≥8.0) for the diagnosis of csPCa were 73.9%(14/19), 93.1%(27/29), 87.5%(14/16), 81.3%(26/32)and 85.4%(41/48), respectively. For PET-TB, only one patient had slight symptoms of haematuria after the puncture, no cases of hematochezia, hemospermia, urinary retention or pelvic infection were observed. Conclusions:68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is a feasible novel puncture technique that may serve as a triage tool for prostate biopsy, and PET-TB may improve the detection rate of csPCa compared with TURS-GB, especially in patients with serum PSA 4.0-20.0 ng/ml.

Objective To compare and analyze the lower limb muscle activity and knee joint force during the stance periods of gait cycle in patients with osteoarthritis before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Based on the OpenSim platform, lower extremity musculoskeletal models of one healthy subject and three patients with osteoarthritis before and after TKA were established. A three-dimensional （3D） motion capture system and a force platform were used to collect the lower limb kinematic data and the ground reaction force during walking, which were used as input parameters to simulate the lower limb muscle activation and knee joint forces. Results The results from the musculoskeletal model were consistent with the results by inverse dynamics based on the 3D motion capture system. The patient's rectus femoris was activated in the loading response and mid stance phases, which was different from that of healthy subject. The activation timing and amplitude of the quadriceps muscle in 3 patients were significantly different before and after TKA. The peak joint forces of 3 patients before TKA were 2.95, 3.15 and 3.43 times of body weight (BW) with the constant load of more than 2 times of BW during stand phase. The peak joint force after TKA were 2.09, 2.48 and 3.96 times of BW respectively. The joint force was not improved and the knee function did not reach the normal level six months after TKA. Conclusions The results of the established musculoskeletal model have certain reliability, and this model can provide a biomechanical auxiliary method for TKA surgery in the future.