Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a kind of neuroendocrine tumor that originates from calcitoninproducing parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid.Its incidence,diagnosis and treatment are unique.Ki67 is a nuclear antigen related to cell proliferation.It plays an important role in tumor occurrence and development,and it has important clinical significance in a variety of malignancies.Ki67 proliferation index has become classification index in neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.In this paper,we review the study of medullary thyroid carcinoma and the expression of Ki67 in medullary thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Ki67 and calcitonin in medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC). METHOD: The expression level of Ki67 and calcitonin was studied in 44 cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma tissue and 20 cases of adjacent nontumor tissue by SP immunohistochemistry. RESULT: The positive expression of Ki67 and calcitonin in medullary thyroid carcinoma tissue were 86.36% (38/44) and 100.00% (44/44) respectively. There was a significant difference between carcinoma and normal thyroid tissue (P<0.01). The overexpression of Ki67 and calcitonin in medullary thyroid carcinoma had no relationship with gender and age of patients,but had relationship with size of tumor,clinical staging and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Meanwhile, Ki67 and calcitonon had no significant correlation with each other. CONCLUSION The overexpression of Ki67 and calcitonin may play important role in occurrence, development and metastasis of medullary thyroid carcinoma. It may be used as an important judgement for the biological behavior of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Calcitonin ; biosynthesis ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is defined as a papillary thyroid carcinoma measuring less than 10 mm in diameter. With the development of ultrasonic technology and the popularization of physical examination, the incidence of PTMC increased dramatically. Routine preoperative diagnostic methods include clinical examination, thyroid ultrasound and fine needle aspiration biopsy. But its treatment methods are still controversal. In this paper, we review literatures in recent years and discuss the clinical common problems of PTMC.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Incidence ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy

UNLABELLED: The patient chiefly complained about headache and facial pain with recurrent epistaxis during the past two months. The pain started from the teeth and intermittent pinching headache especially on the left side. She also had mild epistaxis which healed itself. Later on the epistaxis became severe which couldn't be easily cured. Her nasopharyngoscopy examination showed a mass in nasopharynx while cranial CT scan indicated a huge mass in nasopharynx with erosion of skull base. Enhanced CT scan showed significant thickness in nasopharynx, upwards which became a huge mass breaking through skull base especially on the left side. Adjacent parapharyngeal space and paranasal sinuses and skull base were widely involved with the enlargement of neck lymph nodes. The chronic mastoiditis, ethmoiditis and maxillary sinusitis were also found. DIAGNOSIS nasopharyngeal nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (T4N2M0 stage IV).
Carcinoma ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Skull Base ; pathology

The purpose of this review is to investigate the value of the calcification in differentiating malignant thyroid neoplasm and the molecular mechanisms for the formation of the calcification. Many published reports have proved the presence of calcifications in thyroid neoplasm and calcified nodules in these studies are more frequently malignant than noncalcified nodules. Through viewing the related references, we found that psammoma bodies (PBs), Runx2, osteocalcin, osteopontin, CD44v6 play an important role in the molecular mechanisms in the formation of the calcification in PTC. But further study is required for elucidating the mode of action.
Calcinosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; Osteocalcin ; metabolism ; Osteopontin ; metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Thyroid Nodule ; pathology

Objective To understand the cogniton,attitude and behavior of the psychological counseling in college students,and the results should be helpful to mental health promotion programs.Methods 585 college students were recruited by a cluster sampling.A self-designed questionnaire about the psychological consultation was finished by the subjects.All the data were entered a database with Epi Data V3.1 software.Statistical analysis of the data was done on the SPSS software (V13.0).Chi-square test was used to compare the constituent ratio difference among different groups.Results 64.10% students considered the function of counseling was to help person better understand themselves;63.72% of students agreed with that it is very necessary to carry out psychological counseling in college.When they encountered some confusion which beyond their ability to solve,they will at first resort to their friends,parents other than counseling Center in campus.32.58% of students didn’t know the counseling center in their college.Only 8.38% of students ever went to the counseling center.Conclusions Although the majority of students hold positive attitudes and cognition about psychological counseling.However,their behavior was negative.It is contradictory between their cognition and behavior.It is very necessary to explore the deeper reasons and carry out some targeted health education in college students.

Objective The aim of this study is to compare the gains accomplished from different tympanoplasty based upon a review of patient records.Methods The charts of 137 patients who underwent different tympanoplasty operations were reviewed.They were divided into three groups.Group I,26 cases(26 ears) of tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy;group II,61 cases(62 ears) of tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy;group III,48 cases(49 ears) of myringoplasty.The hearing outcomes after dry ear were analyzed.Nonparametric statistics was used to determine group differences.A probability value of P

Metabolomics, the newest “omics”science after genomics, thranscriptomics and proteomics, is the study of simultaneous identification and quantification of products of the biochemical reaction within an or-ganism. It has been used in the study of papillary thyroid cancer. This review presents an introduction to the con-cept and research techniques of metabolomics and the progress of application in papillary thyroid cancer.

ObjectiveTo evaluate results of the Lichtenstein tension-free mesh repair and summaraize the clinical experience in the treatment of the inguinal hernia. MethodsIn this retrospective study, 4011 tension-free inguinal hernia repairs were performed in 3631 patients, using a polypropylene mesh (Lichtenstein technique). Results The average hospitalization was 3.8 days, the overall complication rate was 2.4％, the recurrence rate was 0.1％. ConclusionThe Lichtenstein repair for the treatment of inguinal hernia has the advantage of less postoperative pain and low recurrence and is highly suitable for day case surgery.

Objective Hypothyroidism during pregnancy has been associated with impaired cognitive development and increased fetal mortality.In this retrospective study we attempt to identify the timing and adjustment of levothyroxine during pregnancy.Methods 20 women planning pregnancy after thyroidectomy because of thyroid cancer were observed before and throughout their pregnancies.Their thyroid function was measured before conception,and approximately every 4 weeks during pregnancy.The dose of levothyroxine was increased to maintain the thyrotropin concentration at preconception values throughout pregnancy.Results 21 pregnancies occurred in the 20 women and resulted in 20 full-term births.One woman had abortion.Their basal dose was all 100 μg.The dose increased by 12.5 μg a time to target the thyrotropin concentrations (0.1-0.25 mU/ml).The mean levothyroxine requirement increased 50 percent during the first half of pregnancy and plateaued by the 16th week.This increased dose was required until delivery.All the newborns and their mothers were healthy according to the follow-up.Conclusions We propose that women after thyroid cancer surgery should increase levothyroxine dose as soon as pregnancy is confirmed.Thereafter,serum thyrotropin level should be monitored and the levothyroxine dose adjusted accordingly.The adjustment dose is set at 12.5 μg and the maternal thyrotropin concentration is between 0.10 and 0.25 mU/ml,which guarantees healthy growth of fetus while suppresses thyroid tumor growth simultaneously.