Objective:To investigate the mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and its clinical signifi-cance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:The EGFR gene mutations of exons 18 to 21 in NSCLC were detected by us-ing the ADx-ARMS? detection kit method. Results:The total mutation percentage in exons 18 to 21 of the EGFR gene was 45.8%(98/214) in NSCLC. These mutations predominantly occur in exons 19 and 21. EGFR gene mutation percentages were found in exons 18 (0.93%, 2/214), 19 (22.0%,47/214), 20 (2.3%, 5/214), and exon 21 (20.6%, 44/214) in the NSCLC. Two NSCLC cases were identified to have double EGFR gene mutations of exons 19 and 21. EGFR gene mutations were more frequently observed with adenocarcinoma histology (50.3%, 93/185) than with squamous cell carcinoma (17.2%, 5/29) (P=0.001). EGFR gene mutations occur more frequently in NSCLC cases in women than in men (P=0.002). EGFR gene mutations were significantly higher in NSCLC with lymphatic metastasis (66.7%) than in NSCLC without lymphatic metastasis (39.5%) (P<0.05). However, no evident association was found between EGFR gene mutations and age, as well as tumor grade and clinical stage of NSCLC (P>0.05). Conclusion:NSCLC, especially lung adenocar-cinomas, has exhibits frequent EGFR gene mutations in China. EGFR gene mutations in exons 19 and 21, combined with the clinical pathological features of lung cancer, can serve as the molecular marker to evaluate the efficacy of EGFR TKI for NSCLC patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression of p53 and its clinical significance in HER2-negative breast invasive ductal carcinoma (BIDC). METHODS: The expression of p53, ER and PR in the HER2-negative BIDC was detected by immunohistochemistry and the results were analyzed by SPSS10.0 software packet, chi-square test, spearman's correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The positive expression of p53 protein in BIDC with pathological grade III was significantly higher than that with grade I (P<0.05), but there was no significant correlation between the expression of p53 and age, clinical stage, or lymph node metastasis status in the BIDC. The positive expression of p53 protein in BIDC with ER-positive was significantly lower than that with ER-negative (P<0.01). The positive expression of p53 protein was significantly lower in BIDC with common expression of ER and PR than that with negative expression of ER or PR (P<0.05). The HER2-negative BIDC patients with p53-positive expression had a lower 5 year survival than those with p53-negative expression. CONCLUSION The positive expression of p53 protein might have significant prognostic value and is an independent prognostic marker in HER2 -negative BIDC.
Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the expression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and the relationship between the expression of HSP90 and the clinicopathological features or prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC).Methods:The paraffin specimens of 193 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 53 non cancerous lung tissues (bullae and bronchiectasis) resected in Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University were analyzed retrospectively. The expression of HSP90 in the tissue chip was detected by immunohistochemical streptavidin-perosidase (SP) method by high-throughput tissue chip, and the relationship between its expression level and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients was analyzed; Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to analyze the difference between different expression levels of HSP90 and the overall survival time of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.Results:The positive expression of HSP90 in lung adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in non cancerous lung tissue ( P<0.001), the expression level of HSP90 in clinical stage Ⅲ patients was higher than that in clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients ( P=0.008), and the expression level of HSP90 in patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis ( P=0.024); The 10-year survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma patients with high expression of HSP90 was significantly lower than that of patients with low expression of HSP90 ( P=0.001). The 10-year survival rate of lung ADC patients with stage Ⅲ and lymph node metastasis was significantly lower than that of patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and no lymph node metastasis ( P<0.05). Multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analysis further identified that lung ADC patients with overexpression of HSP90 had a poor prognosis ( P=0.010). Conclusions:HSP90 might play an important part in the development and progression of lung ADC and might act as a novel prognostic marker for patients with lung ADC.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic and clinical characteristics of near-tetraploidy/tetraploidy karyotype (NT/T) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). METHODS: Cytogenetic findings of 1576 inpatients with primary MDS were retrospective analyzed, among which 9 were diagnosed with NT/T. Clinical data including gender, age, morphology, genetic feature and prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of MDS patients with NT/T (NT/T-MDS) among all cases was 0.57%. Karyotyping analysis suggested that eight MDS patients had sole NT/T, while the remainder one had a complex karyotype. In addition to the typical morphology of MDS, NT/T-MDS had unique morphology including huge blast, double-nuclear cell and irregular nuclear membrane. One NT/T-MDS patient gave up therapy, and the remaining eight underwent the first course of treatment, albeit with poor prognosis. Only one patient had complete remission, one had partial remission, three had no remission; and three had converted to acute myeloid leukemia. CONCLUSION NT/T-MDS is rare and has unique morphology. Generally, NT/T-MDS patients have poor prognosis. However, NT/T cannot be simply classified as high-risk group, but with consideration whether they have affected particular chromosomal structures as well as other clinical data.
Humans ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications* ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tetraploidy