Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis in the human body,which may endanger the health and life of patients.Surgical treatment is presently the main method for the treatment of echinococcosis,with drug therapy as a subsidiary measure.The paper summarizes the advances in the treatment of echinococcosis.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of midnight-noon ebb-flow needling based on individualized timing in treating senile chronic gastritis. Method Seventy-eight elderly patients with chronic gastritis were randomized into a treatment group of 39 cases and a control group of 39 cases. The treatment group was intervened by midnight-noon ebb-flow needling based on individualized timing, while the control group was by midnight-noon ebb-flow needling based on local mean solar time, 10 d as a treatment course. The clinical efficacies were observed after 2 treatment courses. Result The total effective rate was 94.9% in the treatment group versus 89.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05); the recovery rates were respectively 46.2% and 28.2%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Midnight-noon ebb-flow needling based on individualized timing can produce a significant efficacy in treating senile chronic gastritis, and is worth promoting in clinic.

Objective To analyze the angiography procedure,distribution of cerebral vascular lesions and complications of cerebral angiography in patients 75 years or older with cerebrovascular diseases.Methods A total of 83 consecutive patients 75 years or older (range 75-89 years) diagnosed as cerebral vascular diseases underwent cerebral angiography with a coverage of all arteries supplying blood to the whole brain including bilateral subclavian arteries between June 2003 and June 2009.The angiogram showed 61 patients (73.5%) with ischemic cerebralvascular diseases,22patients (26.5%) with hemorrhagic cerebralvascular diseases.Results The 78 (94.0%)angiographies were performed using transfemoral access.Composite curve catheters such as Simmons curve were selected in 11 (13.3%) angiographies.In patients with ischemic cerebralvascular diseases,159 stenotic lesions were detected,among which 107 (67.3%) lesions located at the anterior circulation and 52 (32.7%) lesions located at the posterior circulation;97 (61.0%) lesions were extracranial and 62 (39.0%) lesions were intracranial.The 9 unruptured aneurysms were incidentally detected in 8 patients.In patients with hemorrhagic cerebralvascular diseases,19 aneurysms were detected in 16 (72.6 % ) patients.Complications occurred in 5 (6.0 % ) patients:transient neurological complications occurred in 2 (2.4%) patients,hematoma at the puncture site occurred in 2 (2.4%)patients and uroschesis occurred in 1 (1.2%) patients.Conclusions As a kind of diagnostic technology,cerebral angiography is safe in patients 75 years or older with cerebral vascular diseases.The incidence of complications especially permanent neurological complications is low.

Objective To explore the diagnosis, treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage in elderly patients. Methods A total of 68 patients aged over 60 years presenting with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent cerebral angiography. And 72 intracranial aneurysms were detected in 60 patients, among whom 47 patients with 59 aneurysms underwent endovascular coil embolization, 6 aneurysms in 6 patients were clipped in microneurosurgery operation, and 7 patients chose conservative treatment. Results A total of 57 aneurysms (96.6%) were embolized successfully, among which 40 aneurysms (70.2%) reached dense occlusion and 17 aneurysms (29.8%) reached incomplete occlusion. Among 47 patients undergoing endovascular treatment, 39 patients (83.0%) were evaluated as good, 7 patients (14.9%) were moderately to seriously disabled according to Glasgow Outcome Scale when they were discharged, and one patient died. Conclusions Active treatment such as endovascular coil embolization can acquire good outcome in elderly patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, especially in elderly patients detected with aneurysms.

ObjectiveTo summarize the prevention and treatment of complications of carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) in the elderly. Methods88 cases (≥60 years) who underwent carotid angioplasty and stenting were collected from our hospital. The prevention and treatment of complications were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsNinety-two self-expanding stents were placed in the 88 cases and the technical success rate was 100%. The degree of stenosis was significantly improved from 82.6% to 13.2%. All patients were followed up for 3-12 months. Carotid sinus reaction was observed in 23 cases (26.1%) and it was more often in ≥70 years group than in 60～69 years group (P＜0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the distance ＞10 mm, Carotid sinus reaition was more often in the distance ≤ 10 mm between carotid bifurcation and maximum stenotic lesion (P＜ 0.05). Hypertension occurred in 6 cases, cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome in 4 cases including 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage. There were cases with cerebral ischemia in 1 case, cerebralvaseular spasm in 4 cases, acute renal insufficiency in 3 cases and ecchymosis and hematoma at the puncture site in 7 cases. There were 3 cases of transient ischemic attack, 1 case of myocardial infarction, 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage, 2 cases of mild neurological deficits and no death occurred during the period of follow-up. ConclusionsThere is higher risk for elderly patients undergoing CAS, but careful preoperative preparation and properly treatment may avoid the occurrence of complications.

Objective Toinvestigatethetechnicalfeasibilityandefficacyofvertebralarteryorigin and adjacent subclavian artery stenosis treated with a single self-expandable stent implantation simultaneously. Methods Twenty-onepatientswithposteriorcirculationischemicsymptomsweretreatedwithasingle stent implantation for vertebral artery origin (stenosis rate≥70%)and adjacent subclavian artery stenosis (stenosis rate ≥50%)simultaneously. The head end of a single self-expandable open-cell stent was implanted into the middle or distal V1 segment of vertebral artery,and the caudal end was implanted at the proximal subclavian artery during procedure. At 6 -12 months after procedure they received followed-up with CTA and/or DSA. The clinical and image data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results Allstentswereimplantedsuccessfully.Thevertebralarterystenosisratewasdecreasedfrom 87. 1 ± 5. 7% before procedure to 7. 4 ± 6. 4% and the subclavian artery stenosis rate was decreased from 61.9±8.4% to4.5±5.7% aftertheprocedure.Therewassignificantdifference(allP<0.05).No perioperative complications occurred. The in-stent restenosis (about 50%) was found in one patient (4.8%)during the follow-up and he did not have any relevant clinical symptoms. One patient (4. 8%) had recurrent vertigo at 6 months after procedure. CTA and DSA examinations revealed stent compression and vertebralarteryocclusion.Conclusion Asingleself-expandablestentimplantationforthetreatmentof vertebral artery origin and adjacent subclavian artery stenosis simultaneously is feasible and safe. The incidences of in-stent stenosis and stent compression are low.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and feasibility of interventional treatment of cervical artery stenosis in the elderly patients aged 75 years and over. Methods The data of 60cases aged 75 years or over who underwent interventional treatment of the cervical arteriostenosis involving carotid artery (CA), vertebral artery (VA) or proximal segment of the subclavian artery (SCA) were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics,interventional managements and follow-up results were recorded. Results In this cohort, the mean age was (78. 9±3.7) years (range from 75 to 89). The 50 patients (93.3%) complained of cerebral ischemic symptoms, and all the patients had concurrent diseases or risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke history, and so on. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) data showed 55 cases (91.7%) had 2 or more cerebral arteries with a stenosis exceeding 30%. Among all cases, 84 lesions were treated with 84 stents, with a technical success rate of 98.8%. After stenting, the percent diameter stenosis of lesions decreased from a mean of (80.8 ± 12.9) % to (7.1 ± 9.5 ) %. The periprocedural and 30-day postoperative neurological complication rate was 8. 3 %, resulting in a permanent complication rate of 5 %. Clinical improvement rate was 87.5%. During a follow-up period of (36.7±26. 3) months (range from 5 to 99), there were 4 deaths: 2 died from myocardial infarction, 1 died from brain metastases of lung cancer and 1 died from cerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral infarction recurred in 3 cases. Imaging follow-up in 78. 3% of patients for 66 stents, including ultrasound, CTA, MRA or DSA, showed that the general in-stent restenosis rate was 9. 1%, and the restenosis rate of VA, CA and SCA was 21.7% (5/23), 2.6%and 0, respectively. Conclusions The results of this series suggest that interventional treatment ofcervical artery stenosis in the elderly patients aged 75 years and over is effective and feasible. In our experience, clinical comprehensive management and skillful technique of the operator are equally important for the elderly patients aged 75 years and over with high incidence of concurrent diseases or risk factors.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility, safety and efficacy of endovascular reconstructive treatment by multiple overlapping stents with or without coils.

METHODSTotally 17 patients of vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysms treated by multiple overlapping stents with or without coils between September 2011 and September 2015 in Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. There were 15 male and 2 female patients with mean age of (47±13) years. Clinical manifestations included subarachnoid hemorrhage in 5 patients, cerebral ischemia or infarction in the posterior circulation in 5 patients, mass effect accompanied with brainstem infarction in 1 patients, headache or dizziness in 4, and incidental findings in 2 patients. Aneurysm located in intracranial vertebral artery in 11 patients, vertebrobasilar junction in 2 patients, and basilar trunk in 4 patients. Mean aneurysmal size was 18.5 mm×8.0 mm(length×width).

RESULTSSole stenting with overlapping stents was performed in 8 patients, and overlapping stents with coils was applied in 9 patients. Post-procedural hemorrhage occurred in a patient with a giant basilar trunk fusiform aneurysm and led to death. The 16 surviving patients were clinically followed up for a mean of 21.1 months. One patient had a modified Rankin score of 4, and the other patients had a good recovery. Among 15 patients with a mean angiographic follow-up of 8.6 months, 9 patients had their aneurysms further thrombosed, 3 patients were stable, and 3 patients with a recurred aneurysm. Final complete occlusion was achieved in 7 patients.

CONCLUSIONReconstructive treatment by overlapping stents with or without coils is feasible and relative safe in vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysms.

Adult ; Endovascular Procedures ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebral Artery ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo reveal the mechanism of sterility of Liriope spicata var. prolifera.

METHODMeiotic behavior and pollen development of L. spicata var. prolifera were described in detail. Its proto-variety L. spicata was also investigated for comparison.

RESULTDuring the meiosis of microspore mother cells (MMC), most of cells displayed normally in L. spicata, but abnormally in L. spicata var. prolifera. The abnormity was showed that: some chromosomes or their fragments moved out of the spindle of the cell at metaphase; some chromosome bridges, fragments and lagging ones were formed at anaphase; and many microspores displayed the micronucleus at the telophase. The pollen development was abnormal in L. spicata var. prolifera and normal in L. spicata, with the aberration rate of pollen was 95.81% and 3.44% separately.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that some abnormalities of meiotic behavior and pollen development are main reasons for inducing microspore abortion during its development.

Liriope Plant ; cytology ; physiology ; Meiosis ; physiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; cytology ; physiology ; Pollen ; physiology

Objective To investigate the current status of prevalence, prevention and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in rural area in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey of COPD was conducted in Beijing city, Shanghai city, Guangdong province, Liaoning province,Tianjin city, Chongqing province and Shanxi province. A population-based cluster sample was randomly selected from each rural area. In the selected community,all residents at least 40 years old were recruited,and interviewed with a modified standardized questionnaire from the international burden of obstructive lung diseases (BOLD) study. All participants were tested with spirometry. Those with airflow limitation were performed on post-bronchedilator spirometry. The post-bronchedilator a ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) less than 70% was defined as the diagnostic criteria of COPD. Results (1) Data of 9434 participants was valid for analysis, with a valid response rate of 83. 6% ;the prevalence of COPD in rural was 8. 8% (830/9434), 12. 8% in male and 5.4% in female. (2)The percentage of smoking and the exposure to biomass smoke in rural was 43. 0% (4059/9434) and 83. 1% (7835/9434) respectively; cigarettes cessation rate was 17.5% ; only 12. 4% ( 502/4059 ) of smokers had received advice to quit smoking. (3) Among COPD patients, only 30. 0% (249/830) had ever been diagnosed as COPD, bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma, 2. 4% (20/830) had ever received spirometric tests, and 74. 5% were current smokers; only 7.9% (50/634)COPD patients in stage two or over had received regular drug treatment. Conclusion There was high prevalence and poor prevention and management for COPD in rural areas. Therefore, an enforced prevention and management for COPD are urgent.