BACKGROUND:Adult stem cell therapy is one of the research hotspots in the field of peripheral nerve injury repair and regeneration.With excellent properties of mesenchymal stem cells such as high acquisition rate,wide source,and rapid proliferation,mesoderm have been regarded as the ideal source of adult stem cells,while ectoderm-derived adult stem cells,especially neural crest stem cells,have certain neurogenic properties and attract more and more attention from researchers. OBJECTIVE:To mainly review the role and mechanism of multifunctional adult stem cells from ectoderm and mesoderm in peripheral nerve injury repair and regeneration,so as to explore the research progress and application prospect of adult stem cells from different sources and discuss the potential application value of adult stem cell therapy and the problems to be solved in connection with clinical studies. METHODS:The first author searched the relevant articles published from December 2001 to February 2024 in PubMed and SinoMed by computer in February 2024.The Chinese and English search terms were"ectodermal stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,peripheral nerve injury,repair,regeneration."Finally,69 articles were included and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Ectodermal adult stem cells have excellent differentiation and regeneration potential,especially epidermal neural crest stems cells,olfactory stem cells,and dental ectomesenchymal stem cells,which have certain neurogenic properties and can express neural specific markers in vitro.However,relevant clinical research needs to be accumulated.(2)There are many types of adult stem cells derived from mesoderm,which are easy to obtain and purify.Among them,the efficacy and safety of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the repair of peripheral nerve injury are supported by clinical trials;that is,they can improve sensory and motor nerve conduction and there are no complications and obvious adverse reactions in follow-up.The acquisition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells needs invasive surgery and requires the patient to match the donor bone marrow type,which limit the application to some extent.Although umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells do not require invasive harvesting,their isolation is difficult and phenotypically unstable.(3)Adult stem cells derived from endoderm often fail to grow in vitro,so the possibility of clinical application is low.(4)In conclusion,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are still the first choice for adult stem cell therapy in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury,which is suitable for cases without surgical contraindications and meeting the matching requirements,followed by umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells supplemented by improved isolation methods and advanced phenotypic stability strategies.(5)Dental ectomesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have high application potential and need to be further tested in clinical trials.Other adult stem cells derived from ectodermal and mesodermal layers have significant advantages in animal and cell experimental studies due to their excellent properties.

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the expansion of international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation. Against this backdrop, the radiological health research institutions bear important responsibilities in the field of international radiological health. As a key institution in the industry, the National Institute for Radiological Protection (NIRP), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention shoulders the important mission of promoting international exchanges in radiation health in China. A case study was conducted on the NIRP using data of official overseas visits from 2010 to 2024. The SWOT analysis was used to comprehensively and systematically examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of NIRP in international cooperation and exchanges. To effectively enhance the depth and scope of international exchanges, this article proposes a series of innovative optimization strategies such as establishing dedicated personnel positions to ensure efficient handling of affairs, implementing stringent approval procedures to guarantee the rationality and compliance of overseas visits, strengthening pre-departure training to improve the professionalism of outbound personnel, conducting follow-up evaluations to continuously refine management practices, and centralizing the management of official passports to ensure their secure use. This article aims to provide practical optimization strategies for the management of official overseas visits for NIRP and other similar institutions, promote international exchanges and cooperation in the field of radiation health, and help China play a more important role in the global radiation health field.

Significant hemorrhage following cardiovascular surgery is common, with allogeneic blood transfusion frequently used, despite its association with increased complications and mortality. Patient Blood Management (PBM) is an evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach designed to prevent and manage preoperative anemia, optimize intraoperative hemostasis, and implement perioperative blood conservation, aiming to reduce allogeneic transfusions and related risks. Autologous blood transfusion, effective in recovering patients' own blood during surgery, reduces reliance on allogeneic transfusions. However, its postoperative use, especially in high-risk cardiovascular surgeries, is limited. This review explores the key aspects, challenges, and future directions of postoperative autologous transfusion.

Significant hemorrhage following cardiovascular surgery is common, with allogeneic blood transfusion frequently used, despite its association with increased complications and mortality. Patient Blood Management (PBM) is an evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach designed to prevent and manage preoperative anemia, optimize intraoperative hemostasis, and implement perioperative blood conservation, aiming to reduce allogeneic transfusions and related risks. Autologous blood transfusion, effective in recovering patients' own blood during surgery, reduces reliance on allogeneic transfusions. However, its postoperative use, especially in high-risk cardiovascular surgeries, is limited. This review explores the key aspects, challenges, and future directions of postoperative autologous transfusion.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical properties of personalized Y-shaped plates with horizontal plates, vertical plates, and traditional Y-shaped plates in the treatment of distal humeral intra-articular fractures through finite element analysis, and to evaluate their potential for clinical application. METHODS: The study selected a 38-year-old male volunteer and obtained a three-dimensional model of the humerus by scanning his upper limbs using a 64-slice spiral CT. Four types of fracture-internal fixation models were constructed using Mimics 19.0, Geomagic Wrap 2017, Creo 6.0, and other software: horizontal plates, vertical plates, traditional Y-shaped plate, and personalized Y-shaped plate. The models were then meshed using Hypermesh 14.0 software, and material properties and boundary conditions were defined in Abaqus 6.14 software. AnyBody 7.3 software was used to simulate elbow flexion and extension movements, calculate muscle strength, joint forces, and load torques, and compare the peak stress and maximum displacement of the four fixation methods at different motion angles (10°, 30°, 50°, 70°, 90°, 110°, 130°, 150°) during elbow flexion and extension. RESULTS: Under dynamic loading during elbow flexion and extension, the personalized Y-shaped plate exhibits significant biomechanical advantages. During elbow flexion, the peak internal fixation stress of the personalized Y-shaped plate was (28.8±0.9) MPa, which was significantly lower than that of the horizontal plates, vertical plates, and traditional Y-shaped plate ( P<0.05). During elbow extension, the peak internal fixation stress of the personalized Y-shaped plate was (18.1±1.6) MPa, which was lower than those of the other three models, with significant differences when compared with horizontal plates and vertical plates ( P<0.05). Regarding the peak humeral stress, the personalized Y-shaped plate model showed mean values of (10.9±0.8) and (13.1±1.4) MPa during elbow flexion and extension, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the other three models ( P<0.05). Displacement analysis showed that the maximum displacement of the humerus with the personalized Y-shaped plate during elbow flexion was (2.03±0.08) mm, slightly higher than that of the horizontal plates, but significantly lower than that of the vertical plates, showing significant differences ( P<0.05). During elbow extension, the maximum displacement of the humerus with the personalized Y-shaped plate was (1.93±0.13) mm, which was lower than that of the other three models, with significant differences when compared with vertical plates and traditional Y-shaped plates ( P<0.05). Stress contour analysis showed that the stress of the personalized Y-shaped plate was primarily concentrated at the bifurcation of the Y-shaped structure. Displacement contour analysis showed that the personalized Y-shaped plate effectively controlled the displacement of the distal humerus during both flexion and extension, demonstrating excellent stability. CONCLUSION The personalized Y-shaped plate demonstrates excellent biomechanical performance in the treatment of distal humeral intra-articular fractures, with lower stress and displacement, providing more stable fixation effects.
Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Healthy Volunteers ; Finite Element Analysis ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Models, Anatomic ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humeral Fractures, Distal/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Bone Plates ; Computer Simulation ; Precision Medicine/methods* ; Elbow Joint/surgery* ; Elbow/surgery* ; Humerus/surgery* ; Torque ; Stress, Mechanical ; Intra-Articular Fractures/surgery* ; Prosthesis Design/methods* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Range of Motion, Articular

Sustained inflammatory responses are closely related to various severe diseases, and inhibiting the excessive activation of inflammasomes and pyroptosis has significant implications for clinical treatment. Natural products have garnered considerable concern for the treatment of inflammation. Huanglian-Wumei decoction (HLWMD) is a classic prescription used for treating inflammatory diseases, but the necessity of their combination and the exact underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism have not yet been elucidated. Inspired by the supramolecular self-assembly strategy and natural drug compatibility theory, we successfully obtained berberine (BBR)-chlorogenic acid (CGA) supramolecular (BCS), which is an herbal pair from HLWMD. Using a series of characterization methods, we confirmed the self-assembly mechanism of BCS. BBR and CGA were self-assembled and stacked into amphiphilic spherical supramolecules in a 2:1 molar ratio, driven by electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and π-π stacking; the hydrophilic fragments of CGA were outside, and the hydrophobic fragments of BBR were inside. This stacking pattern significantly improved the anti-inflammatory performance of BCS compared with that of single free molecules. Compared with free molecules, BCS significantly attenuated the release of multiple inflammatory mediators and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyroptosis. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism is closely related to the inhibition of intracellular nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation and the noncanonical pyroptosis signalling pathway mediated by caspase-11.

Anhedonia is defined as the reduction of pleasure and reward-seeking behavior,and it is prevalent in approximately two-thirds of individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Numerous empirical studies have consistently demonstrated that anhedonia represents an independent symptom dimension of PTSD.Furthermore,additional investigations have revealed that anhedonia plays a crucial role in the psychopathology of PTSD,contributing to the maintenance of post-traumatic stress responses,as well as more severe functional impairment and reduced therapeutic responsiveness.This paper aims to discuss the definition,psychopathology,genetic mechanisms and neurobiological underpinnings of anhedonia in PTSD,thus providing insights for future research on anhedonic symptoms.

Objective To explore the risk signals of adverse events(ADE)in the use of exenatide microspheres by the FDA adverse event reporting system(FAERS),and provide reference for clinical rational drug use and drug safety.Methods With exenatide microspheres as the target drug,the search keywords were Exenatide Microspheres for Injection,LY05006,AC 2 993 LAR and Bydureon.SAS software was used to extract the ADE report data from January 2,2012 to March 31,2023 in the FAERS database and the duplicates were removed.Data mining of exenatide microspheres-related ADE reports was performed by the reporting odds ratio method and the comprehensive standard method.Results A total of 27 248 exenatide microspheres-related ADE reports were retrieved,involving 27 SOCs,of which 4 719 were severe ADE reports.The reporting personnel were mainly consumers(18 435 cases,67.66%),the United States was the mainly reporting country(26 295 cases,96.50%).A total of 163 ADE risk signals were obtained by reporting odds ratio method and comprehensive standard method,including new adverse reactions such as abnormal blood cholesterol,elevated lipase and mixed hyperlipidemia.Conclusion Based on the FAERS database,the post-marketing ADE of exenatide microspheres was mined and analyzed,which could provide reference for clinical medication safety and improvement of patients'medication compliance.

OBJECTIVE To study the fingerprint of Denghong buyang huanwu granules （DBHG）， screen the quality markers， and establish the method for content determination of active ingredients. METHODS HPLC method was adopted. The fingerprints of 10 batches of DBHG （S1-S10） were established by using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）， and similarity evaluation was also performed. Traditional Chinese medicine pieces attribution analysis， cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were conducted for common peaks， and quality biomarkers were screened based on variable importance projection （VIP） values＞1. The contents of 10 batches of samples were determined by the same HPLC method， such as salidroside， tyrosol， calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside， scutellarin and calycosin. RESULTS A total of 25 common peaks were obtained in the fingerprints for 10 batches of samples and 6 common peaks were identified， i.e. salidroside， tyrosol， paeoniflorin， calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside， scutellarin， calycosin. Their similarities were greater than 0.9， and 10 common peaks of them were unique components of Erigeron breviscapus. DBHG could be clustered into 2 categories by using CA and PCA； S4-S5， and S7 could be clustered into one category and other samples could be clustered into one category. The corresponding components of peaks 16 （scutellarin）， 12， 15 （calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside）， 13 （paeoniflorin）， and 14 were quality markers. The average contents of salidroside， tyrosol， calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside， scutellarin and calycosin were 1.64， 0.45， 0.31， 0.73， 0.15 mg/g in 10 batches of samples. CONCLUSIONS HPLC fingerprint for DBHG and a method for determining the contents of five active ingredients including salidroside are successfully established. Five quality markers have been screened. It can be used for the quality control of the preparation.