[Objective]Owing to different medical varieties and functions,Radix can cause confusing clinical application.[Method] After investigating much documentation,it systemically clears up the sources,producing land and authentication points of various medical Radix trade names.[Result]Radix has different origins,functions and indications.[Conclusion]Due to different medical properties and microscopic authentication,there's focus on functions and indications which is hoped for clinical differentiation and application.

Currently,with the rapid development of drug delivery technologies,more and more efforts are taken into the efficient therapies for various diseases by delivering biologically-active macromolecules into the target cells directly.Although a certain number of positive treatment results were obtained from the therapies by using the biomacromolecules to cure some diseases,the microenvironment around the target cell still has a great influence on the final treatment effect.Since many diseases and injuries interfere the normal architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM),the cell adhesion to ECM and the subsequent cellular activities,the normal microenvironment of the cell plays a critical role in maintaining body balance,tissue regeneration and repair.Given these points,this paper reviews the effects of the cellular microenvironment constructed by ECM on the efficacy of bioactive macromolecules,and provides a theoretical basis for future drug design and synthesis of pharmaceuticals.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of endovenous laser treatment(EVLT) in the treatment of varicose veins in lower limbs. Methods A total of 450 cases of varicose veins in lower limbs(606 limbs) received EVLT with 940 nm diode laser under a continuous mode from October 2003 to February 2006.All the patients were evaluated with color ultrasonography after the operation.Results The follow-up duration was 2～29 months(mean,16 months).Satisfactory effects were achieved in XXX cases,with varicose veins subsided and sense of swelling and heaviness significantly relieved.In 49 cases accompanying active ulcers before operation,the ulcer healed within 10 days after operation in 44 cases and within 16 days in 5 cases.Five cases experiencing a heat injury were dismissed from hospital on the 7th day after operation.Conclusions EVLT is a minimally invasive operation possessing safety,simple performance,and effectiveness,and without leaving any scar.It is an ideal method in the treatment of varicose veins of lower limbs.

OBJECTIVETo prepare sodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material and to explore its feasibility as a bone repair material.

METHODSSodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material was prepared using chemical cross-linking and freeze-drying technology. The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its porosity was measured by liquid displacement method. The fifth passage of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated on the composite material and then growth was observed by inverted microscope and SEM. BMSCs were cultured with liquid extracts of the material, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to calculate the relative growth rate (RGR) on 1, 3, 5 d and to evaluate the cytotoxicity. Fresh dog blood was added into the liquid extracts to conduct hemolysis test, the spectrophotometer was used to determine the optical density (OD) and to calculate the hemolysis rate.

RESULTSSodium alginate-nanohydroxyapatite composite material displayed porosity, the porous pore rate was (88.6 +/- 4.5)%. BMSCs showed full stretching and vigorous growth under inverted microscope and SEM. BMSCs cultured with liquid extracts of the material had good activities. The toxicity of composite material was graded as 1. Hemolysis test results showed that the hemolysis rate of the composite material was 1.28%, thus meeting the requirement of medical biomaterials.

CONCLUSIONThe composite material fabricated in this study has high porosity and good biocompatibility.

Alginates ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cells, Cultured ; Glucuronic Acid ; Hexuronic Acids ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Porosity ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

Objective To observe the efficacy of imatinib on the treatment of bcr-abl positive essential thrombocythemia (ET). Methods A case of bcr-abl positive ET resistant to hydroxyurea (HU) treating with imatinib (200～400 mg/d) was reported and related literatures were reviewed. Results A case of bcr-abl positive ET was initially treated with 1.5～2.0 g/d HU, the platelet count decreased to 562x109/L after 4 weeks; however, the platelet count increased to (1020～1330)×109/L treating with same dose of HU 16 months later. With the elevation of HU to 3.0 g/d, platelet count was still high(1290～1780)x109/L companied with the very low white blood cell count(0.3～0.9)×109/L. While treating with imatinib (400 mg/d) for 1 month,the platelet count decreased to 390×109/L and white blood cell count was 0.5×109/L; Furthermore, treating with 200×300 mg/d of imatinib, the platelet and white blood cell count recovered in normal after 1 month,and bcr-abl fusion gene negative 2 months later. Conclusion Imatinib may be the effective targeting drug for the bcr-abl positive ET, and the bcr-abl positive ET is sensitive to low dose imatinib.

ObjectiveTo investigate the gene expressions of TAZ and Wnt/β-catenin on the postosteogenic cells of mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)in multiple myeloma(MM)patients and to explore the potential therapeutic target of multiple myeloma bone disease (MBD).MethodsBone marrow mononuclear cells MNC from MM and controls were isolated,cultured,expanded and then induced to osteogenic differentiation.Realtime quantitative RT-PCR was employed to detect the osteogenic markers (TAZ,Wnt/β-catenin,OPN,OC,ALP and Cbf α1); and alizarin red staining for mineral deposition.The mRNA expressions of TAZ and Wnt/β-catenin in the two groups were analysed.ResultsAlizarin red staining was positive and the red calcium nodules were appeared on the post-osteogenic cells of MSC.The mRNA expressions of OC,ALP and Cbf α1 were 2.0958±0.5665,2.6670±0.3847,0.8463±0.3473,respectively,on the post-osteogenic cells of MSC in the experimental groups,which were significantly higher than those of pre-osteogenic cells(1.3487±0.9291,1.1452±0.6054,0.4439±0.2945) (t =2.171,6.709,2.795; all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expressions of OPN,OC,ALP and Cbf α1 were 2.1096±0.8267,2.8991±0.3531,4.3045±0.2844,1.3273±0.4075,respectively,on the post-osteogenic cells of MSC in the controls,which were significantly higher than those of pre-osteogenic cells (1.2200±0.9091,0.8780±0.3927,1.9161±0.2684,0.6736±0.2513) (t =2.289,12.103,25.134,4.411; all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expressions of OPN,OC,ALP,Cbf α1 were 1.2710±0.5636,2.0958±0.5665,2.6670± 0.3847,0.8463+0.3473,respectively,on the post-osteogenic cells of MSC in the experimental groups,which were significantly lower than those of control groups(2.1096 ±0.8267,2.8991 ±0.3531,4.3045±0.2844,1.3273±0.4075) (t =-2.650,-3.805,-10.822,-2.841; all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression of TAZ and β-catenin were 2.2315±1.0723 and 0.5801±0.2159 on the post-osteogenic cells of MSC in MM patients,which were significantly lower than those of control groups (4.4140±0.8325,0.9516±0.2920) (t =±5.085,-3.235;both P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionThe gene expressions of OPN,OC,ALP and Cbf α1,the osteogenesis related genes,are increased in post-osteogenic cells of MSC,which showed the MSC have been successfully induced to osteoblasts.Comparing with control groups,the osteogenic potential of MSC in MM patients is lower.Based on the above research,TAZ and Wnt/β-catenin may present a novel target for the future therapy of MBD.

Objective To evaluate the standardized drug treatment and its influence factors of patients,with coronary artery disease,in hospital and one year after discharge.Methods The study enrolled sequentially 165 patients who were firstly diagnosed of coronary artery disease,61 cases with stable angina,67 cases with unstable angi-na and 37 cases of acute myocardial infarction,by coronary artery angiography from 2010 to 2012.The standardized drug treatment and its influence factors of patients were analyzed at hospital and 1 year after discharge in the present study.Results Fifty five percent patients with coronary artery disease at hospital regularly took the four drugs,anti-platelet agents,statins,beta blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor antagonist. The ratio decreased to forty five percent one year after discharge(χ2 =81.04,P <0.01).The reasons of the irregular medication taken were optional withdrawal(61%),following the doctors′advice(15%),economic hardship(20%) and the drugs′adverse reaction(4%).Conclusion The results of the present study showed that the rate of regular medication in patients with coronary artery disease is low in hospital and 1 year after discharge.The major reasons of the irregular medicine taken were the patients′optional withdrawal and the consciousness of second prevention was lack in doctors in our hospital.Therefore,the increase of the consciousness of regular standardized treatment in prima-ry care physicians and strengthen the management of the patients after discharge form hospital.

AIM: To establish a arsenic trioxide (As 2O 3 )-resistant leukemic cell line to explore the mechanism of resistance to As 2O 3, and the relationship between the resistant cell line and the multidrug resistance was also investigated. METHODS: The arsenic trioxide (As 2O 3 )-resistant leukemic cell line was established by exposing the cells to the increasing concentration of As 2O 3. MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity. Cell cycle was detected by PI assay. Flow Cytometry was used to detect the P-glycoprotein on the surface of the cells, the intracellular concentration of DNR, and the immuetype of the cells. RESULTS: The cell doublings time and the cell cycle of the arsenic trioxide (As 2O 3 )-resistant leukemic cell line, K562/AS2, is similar to that of K562. The relative resistant fold of K562/AS2 to As 2O 3, DNR, VP16 and Ara-C was 7.4, 2.9, 3.8 and 1.1, respectively. The relative resistant fold of multidrug resistant cell line, K562/ A02, to As 2O 3, DNR, VP16 and Ara-C was 0.8?94?2.5 and 0.9, respectively. The fluorescence of the P-glycoprotein on the surface or of the DNR inside the cells detected was not significantly different between the K562 and the K562/AS2 cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: A cell line, K562/AS2, resistant to clinical achieving level (2 ?mol/L) of As 2O 3 has been established. The relative resistant fold of K562/ AS2 to As 2O 3 is about 7.4 fold to the parent K562 line sensitive to As 2O 3. Partial resistance of K562/AS2 to DNR and VP16 is observed , the mechanism of which is unrelated to the P-gp, the expression product of multidrug resistance gene 1 (mdr1).

AIM: To explore the characters of fibroblast-like (F-L) cells cultured from granunocyte clony stimunating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood cell (PBC) harvests. METHODS: The adherent cells in the PBC harvests were cultured for 2 week in the mediums of RPMI-1640/L-DMEM/G-CSF or interleukin-3 (IL-3) plus RPMI-1640, the cultured F-L cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (FC). RESULTS: The adherent non-confluent F-L cells obtained from the four groups were similar in their phenotypes: CD33+, CD11c+, CD64+, CD14+, CD45+, HLA-DR+, CD86+, CD34-, CD38-, CD3-, CD19-, CD56-, CD29-, CD44-, CD105-. The F-L cells are similar to monocytes except CD38-and were distinct from dendritic cells (DC) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). CONCLUSION: The cultured F-L cells are macrophages rather than DC or MSC. G-CSF, rhIL-3 enhances their numbers.

Objective: To study the clinical outcomes of implanting platelet rich fibrinogen (PRF) mixed with Bio-Oss® in the extraction socket for alveolar ridge preservation and to provide evidence for clinical application. Methods: Thirty-six patients who underwent alveolar ridge preservation were enrolled. Thirty-six extraction sites were divided into two groups: PRF mixed with Bio-Oss® group (test group) and Bio-Oss® alone (control group). Bone dimensional changes in height and width were measured by CBCT before and 6 months after surgery, and early soft tissue healing and postoperative pain sensation were evaluated clinically 1 week after surgery. Results : There was no significant difference in the alveolar bone height (-1.48 ± 0.40) mm between the test group and the control group. The difference in the alveolar bone width between the test group (-1.09 ± 0.42) mm and the control group (-1.35 ± 0.22) mm was statistically significant (z=-2.63, P=0.01). The postoperative pain score of the test group was 2.39 ± 1.20, and that of the control group was 3.39 ± 1.65, the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.083, P=0.045). There was no significant difference in soft tissue healing between the test group and the control group. Conclusion The use of PRF mixed with Bio-Oss ®in the alveolar ridge preservation procedure can reduce alveolar bone absorption and postoperative pain.