Objective To deterine the expression of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptor DR5 in murine myocardium with acute viral myocarditis(VM).Methods We builted the model of VM.Eight mice of the VM group and the normal control group were sacrificed on the 7th,10th,14th,21st,28th day after inoculation CVB3 virus.The myocardial histopathological scores were counted.The terminal reansferase-mediated dUPT-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays was used to quantified apoptosis rate.The expression of TRAIL and DR5 protein and mRNA were determined by the method of immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The expression of TRAIL and DR5 protein and mRNA were found in myocardium of both the normal control group and the VM group.The expression of TRAIL protein of the VM group(14th) were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=9.17,P<0.01).The DR5 protein of the VM group(10th,14th,21st)were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=13.32,P<0.01).The expression of TRAIL and DR5 protein were positive correlated with the myocardial histopathological scores and the apoptosis rate.The expression of TRAIL mRNA of the VM group(10th) were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=10.86,P<0.01).The DR5 mRNA of the VM group(10th,14th)were significantly higher than which in the normal group at the same time and the VM group(7th)(F=22.75,P<0.01).Conclusion High characteristic expressions of protein/mRNA TRAIL and DR5 were observed in the myocardium of mice with VM.The level was positive correlationed with the account of pathology and the rate of apoptosis.The apoptosis induced by TRAIL and DR5 may participate in the pathophysiological processes of VM.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in lung injury and oxidative stress of sprague-Dawleyy (SD) rats at different times after single intratracheal instillation of potassium dichromate.

METHODSA total of 50 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and potassium dichromate group. The potassium dichromate group and the control group received 3 ml/kg intratracheal instillation of K2Cr2O7 (1.5 mg/kg) and normal saline, respectively. Rats in these two groups were sacrificed in batches at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure. The changes in the following indices were observed and analyzed: body weight, lung coefficient, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in lung homogenate, and reduced glutathione (GSH) in serum.

RESULTSThe rats in the potassium dichromate group had significantly decreased body weight on day 1 and day 3 after exposure than the control group (P<0.05). Lung coefficient increased significantly on day 7 (P<0.05) and kept increasing until the end of the experiment. The potassium dichromate group had a significantly higher activity of AKP than the control group on day 1 and day 7 after exposure (P<0.05). However, the potassium dichromate group had a significantly lower activity of GSH-Px than the control group on day 1 and day 3 after exposure (P<0.05). And the potassium dichromate group had a lower activity of reduced GSH than the control group on day 3 and day 7 after exposure.

CONCLUSIONSingle intratracheal instillation of 1.5 mg/kg potassium dichromate could result in lung inflammatory injury. of SD rats, and the injury is more severe on day 7 after exposure. Body injury is related to antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant.activity cannot recover completely on day 28 after exposure.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glutathione ; blood ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Potassium Dichromate ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study the effect of electromyographie biofeedback on visceralgia hypersensitivity in patients with refractory irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the relationship between psychological factors and vis-ceral hypersensitivity. Methods Sixty patients with refractory IBS were enrolled in this study and received electro-myographic biofeedback treatment for 4 weeks. The threshold of visceralgia, and scores on the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) were evaluated before and after treatment. Re-suits Compared with the baseline values, the threshold of visceralgia increased significantly during treatment(P≤ 0101) and the total scores on both the HAMA and HAMD had declined significantly (P≤0.01) by the end of 4, weeks of treatment. The evolution of the index of the threshold of visceralgia was negatively correlated with the evolu-tion of both the HAMA and HAMD scores (r = -0.543, P≤0.01; r = -0.728,P≤0.01). Conclusion Elec-tromyographic biofeedback treatment can elevate the threshold of visceralgia hypersensitivity in patients with refractory IBS. Anxiety and depression might contribute to visceralgia hypersensitivity in IBS.

To meet the needs of society,the Academic Degrees Committee of the Chinese State Council set up a Medical Degree in 1998 to train senior clinicians.In order to reveal the influencing factors of the education quality of clinical medicine doctoral programmes,this paper used a questionnaire to evaluate the education experience of clinicians with clinical MD degrees of Peking University Health Science Center.

Objective To analyze the expressions of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1 )and Beclin-1 (BECN-1 )in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)and their clinical significances.Methods Thirty patients with PTC who were performed total thyroidectomy in the General Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University from October 201 5 to May 201 6 were collected.All patients were diagnosed with unilateral PTC.The tumor tissues were taken from the patients′ipsilateral thyroids,and 30 cases of normal tissues were taken from the patients′contralateral normal thyroids.The expressions of AEG-1 and BECN-1 in PTC tissues were detected by reverse transcription-poly-merase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The relationships between the expression status and clinicopathologic features were analyzed.Results The positive expression levels [M(QR )]of AEG-1 in PTC and the normal tissues were 0.626 1 (0.741 4)and 0.049 8 (0.01 1 8)respectively,with a significant difference (Z=-4.488,P=0.000). The positive expression levels of BECN-1 in PTC and the normal tissues were 0.067 9 (0.1 98 1 )and 0.785 7 (0.361 7)respectively,with a significant difference (Z=-5.441 ,P=0.000).In PTC,the expressions of AEG-1 and BECN-1 were related to TNMstaging (Z=-3.980,P=0.000;Z=-2.265,P=0.023)and lymphatic metas-tasis (Z=-3.1 90,P=0.001;Z=-2.640,P=0.008),but they were not related to age (Z=-1 .203,P=0.229;Z=-1 .1 62,P=0.245),gender (Z=-1 .222,P=0.222;Z=-0.453,P=0.651 )and tumor size (Z=-1 .496,P=0.1 35;Z=-1 .1 66,P=0.244).The expression of AEG-1 was negatively correlated with that of BECN-1 (r=-0.343,P=0.007).Conclusion The expression of AEG-1 in PTC is higher than that in normal tissues and the expression of BECN-1 in PTC is lower than that in normal tissues,and the expressions of AEG-1 and BECN-1 are related to TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis,which are expected to become prognostic indicators.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of allopurinol on the function of blood vessel endothelium in patients with essential hypertension complicating hyperuricemia. METHODS: 65 cases with essential hypertension complicating hyper uricemia were randomized into treatment and control group. The control group was given the classic non- pharmacotherapy: reduced intake of sodium, more exercise, weight loss etc. The treatment group was treated wilh 100mg allopurinol b.i .d for 4 weeks besides the classical non - pharmacotherapy as stated for the control group. Serum uric acid level, brachial artery flow -mediated diastolic (FMD) function, the base internal diameter of brachial artery, nitrogen oxide (NO), von Willebrand' s factor(vWF) were compared between two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: As compared with prior treatment, the treatment group had decreased level of uric acid and decreased vWF level, increased level of NO and a significantly increased level of FMD, all had statistical significances(P0.05) . CONCLUSION: Allopurinol can ameliorate the function of blood vessel endothelium in patients with essential hypertension complicating hyperuricemia.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of adenosine on cochlea in acute acoustic trauma. Methods: Guinea pigs were exposed to 118 dB SPL white noise for 30 min. During the process of exposure, artificial perilymph or artificial perilymph containing adenosine (0.1 mmol/L,1 mmol/L or 5 mmol/L) was infused into the cochlea through perilymphatic perfusion. Concentration of glutamate in perilymph and thresholds of compound action potentials (CAP) were measured before and after noise exposure. Results: After exposure, the concentration of glutamate and the mean threshold shifts evoked by click were significantly higher than those of before exposure. Concentration of glutamate and thresholds of CAP in adenosine (1 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L) treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: Adenosine can inhibit the elevation of glutamate and decrease the threshold shift of CAP after exposure to noise,which can protect cochlea in acute acoustic trauma in guinea pigs.

AIM:To establish an HPLC method for determining cinnamaldehyde,costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone in the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Cinnamomum cassia and Aucklandia lapp.METHODS:The assay was performed on an Agilent HC-C_(18)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)column by UV detector at the wavelength of 210 nm with acetonitrile-water(gradient elutio)as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,and the column temperature was 30℃.RESULTS:There were good relationships between peak area and sample size of cinnamaldehyde in the range of 148.5-1 732.5 ng,between peak area and sample size of costunolide in the range of 69.42-809.9 ng,and between peak area and sample size of dehydrocostuslactone in the range of 70.32 to 820.4 ng.Average recoveries of them were in turn 99.65%(RSD 0.72%)-99.57%(RSD 1.28%),and 98.90%(RSD 0.81%),respectively.CONCLUSION:The present method is convenient,sensitive and accurate with good reproducibility and can be used for the quality control of the supercritical CO_2 extract of Cinnamomum cassia and Aucklandia lapp.

ABSTRACT:Objective To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect and safety of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)blockers in treating moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC)by meta-analysis.Methods Such databases as the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,PubMed,OVID,Embase,ISI,CBM,CNKI, VIP,and WanFang Data were searched from establishment to June 2013.All randomized clinical trials (RCTs)on tumor necrosis factor alpha blockers in treating UC were collected,and then selected on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria.We assessed the methodological quality,extracted the data from the included articles and performed the meta-analysis with Revman 5.1.Results A total of 13 RCTs involving 3334 patients were analyzed.TNF-αblockers group was superior to the control group in the short-term clinical response (OR =2.5 1, 95% CI 1.73,3.64),short-term clinical remission (OR =2.74,95% CI 1.80,4.1 6),long-term clinical response (OR =2.98,95% CI 1.98,4.47),1ong-term clinical remission (OR =2.64,95% CI 1.89,3.67),and mucosal healing (OR =1.89,95% CI 1.39,2.59)compared with control group.TNF-αblockers could also reduce the rate of colectomy (OR =0.61,95% CI 0.41,0.89)and improve inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire scores (MD=14.74,95% CI 1 1.43,18.06 ).There was no significant difference between the two groups in all reported adverse effects (OR =1.14,95% CI 0.97,1.34)and serious adverse effects (OR=0.78,95% CI 0.56,1.09).Conclusion Compared with conventional therapy or placebo,TNF-αblocking agents can improve the therapeutics effect on UC in clinical response,clinical remission and mucosal healing,and also can reduce the rate of colectomy. In patients with moderately to severely active UC treated with TNF-α blocking agents,it is easier to achieve the improvement of life quality.TNF-αblocking agents treatment is safe for UC.This conclusion should be verified with more large-scale and high-quality RCTs.

AIM: To investigate the antitussive and antiasthmatic activities and diuretic activity of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed. METHODS: The antitussive and antiasthmatic activities in vivo (hypersensitivity) and in vitro (functional experiments) of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed were investigated. The diuretic activity of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed also were studied on rat and rabbit models. RESULTS: The processed Morrus alba L. could inhibite histamine-induced airway hypersensitivity. It's diuretic activity was lower but its antitussive activity was better. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there are some differentes between Morrus alba L. before and after being processed in antitussive, antiasthmatic and diuretic activities. The diuretic activity of crude Morrus alba L. is superior to the processed Morrus alba L. But its antitussive and antiasthmatic activities are inferior to the processed Morrus alba L.