?Boston Type l keratoprosthesis is currently widely used. ln this article, the indication, number of cases, best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , retention, and complications in all the international published case reports will be sum up; then the main post-operative complications and their respective treatments one by one, which include retrospective membrane, glaucoma, infection will be introduced.

Tissue engineering provides urologists a new way to fix or reconstruct the impaired organs.Reconstitution of corporal bodies of penis with engineered tissue substitutes has been applied in animal models.In hypospadias reconstruction,the use of engineered tissue substitutes has been applied clinically.The clinical application of bladder tissue substitutes has been ongoing phase II clinical trial.Great progress has been made in renal replacement therapy with clinical application of human progenitor cells in hemofiltration units,and the engineered intracorporeal renal replacement unit will come true by additional studies.The current status of tissue engineering in clinical practice of urology is reviewed in this paper.

Objective To observe the effect of treating acute left heart failure with Shenmai injection and auxiliary conventional western medicine. Methods 132 patients were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, with 66 cases in each group. The control group was treated with lanatoside C, captopril, diuretics, and aminophylline. While the treatment group was additionally treated with Shenmai injection on the basis of the control group. Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left smothering end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD)value, the index of b-type natriuretic peptide(BNP), and 24 h dynamic electrocardiogram(ecg)were observed in both groups after 1 month’s treatment. Results LVEF and BNP were improved in both groups after the treatment[LVEF and BNP were(40.42 ± 4.32)%, (306.57 ± 201.21)pg/ml in the treatment group and(37.92±3.32)%, (451.51±294.23)pg/ml in the control group before the treatment;(35.28±4.15)%, (540.17±382.23)pg/ml in the treatment group and(35.13±2.35)%, (572.35± 422.21)pg/ml in the control group after the treatment], and the curative effect in the treatment group was better than the control group(P<0.05). LVEDD and 24 h average heart rate were also improved in both groups after the treatment [LVEDD and 24 h average heart rate were(59.81±59.81)mm, (79.62±6.38)times/min in the treatment group and(60.91±7.31)mm, (82.61±6.32)times/min in the control group before the treatment;(60.87 ± 7.75)mm, (85.03 ± 7.75)times/min in the treatment group and(61.81 ± 7.35)mm,(86.23 ± 8.35)times/min in the control group after the treatment], but there was no statistical differenc(P>0.05). Conclusion Shenmai injection has good effects in the treatment of acute left heart failure.

Objective To obtain the protein interacting with inhibitor of differentiation1′(Id1′). Methods The recombinant bait plasmid pHybLex/Zeo Id1′ was constructed and transformed into yeast strain EGY48/ pSH18 34 to test pHybLex/Zeo Id1′ for non specific activation. Adult human lung cDNA libraries were screened to obtain true positive library plasmid. The true positive library clone was obtained by sequencing and basic local alignment sequence tool (BLAST). Results The recombinant bait vector, named as pHybLex/Zeo Id1′, was confirmed by sequencing. pHybLex/Zeo Id1′ was transformed into yeast strain EGY48/pSH18 34 and the transformants had no autonomously activated reporter genes. One true positive clone, obtained by screening of the adult human lung cDNA libraries, was confirmed to be Fyn by sequencing and BLAST. Conclusion Id1′ can interact with Fyn.

Objective To select more rapid,sensitive and specific method in detection of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)directly from clinical specimens.Methods RSV was detected by virus isolation in tissue culture,direct smears and detection by indirect immunofluorecence assay(IFA),rapid culture assay,sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)as well as labbed streptavidin biotin method(LSAB)from 45 specimens(nasopharyngeal aspirates,NPAs) collected from infants and young children with acute lower respiratory tract infection.Results Of 45 NPAs,12 cases(26.7%) were positive by virus isolation,14 cases(31.1%) were positive for RSV by direct detection of RSV antigen by IFA,20 cases(44.4%) were positive with rapid culture assay,4 cases(8.9%)were positive by sandwich ELISA,4 cases(8.9%)were positive by LSAB.Conclusion Rapid culture assay and direct detection of RSV in NPAs direct smears by IFA are rapid,sensitive method in the diagnosis of RSV infections.

Objective:To explore the resource of rice bran by comparing antioxidative activities and growth promotion of Bacillus bifidus between supernatant of formented rice bran(RBF) by Bacillus natto and water extract of rice bran(RBW) . Method:The reducing capacity the?OH and ??O 2 scavenging capacity and the inhibitory effect to oxidize lard were determined in vitro. The growth promotion for Bacillus bifidus by photodensity with simulated condition was investigated in vivo. Results:RBF and RBW had antioxidant activity in vitro. The IC50 of scavenging?OH and ??O 250 of RBF was 3.55 mg/ml and 23.5 mg/ml,0.3 and 10 folds higher than that of RBW respectively. In inhibiting oxidation of lard,RBF had a little higher antioxidative activities than RBW,near VE. RBF and RBW could promot growth of Bacillus bifidus by 65.2% and 17.8% respectively. By enzymatic digestion,the promotive rate of RBF was still 51.6%. Conclusion:RBF had higher antioxidant activity and growth promotion to Bacillus bifidus.

Objective To assess the implementation of essential public health services (EPHS), and determine the main influencing factors for EPHS in Menglian. Methods In September 2012, the questionnaire survey method was employed to collect the data of EPHS implementation in 2011 in three community medical institutes and the EPHS evaluation of health staff sampled by stratified random sampling in Menglian. Results In 2011, the report rates of infectious diseases epidemics, public health emergencies and health inspection were all 100%, the inoculation rates of most vaccines were over 90%,and the health management rates of the children aged 0 to 6 years,pregnant and lying-in woman,aged population,hypertensives, type 2 diabetes patients and serious psychotics were high (about 85%) . The establishment rate of heath archives (60%to 70%),the controlling rates of blood pressure in the hypertensive population (about 50%), the rates of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients (55%to 70%) and the steady rates of serious psychotics (50% to 60%), however, were low. The implementation of EPHS was unbalance among towns, suburbs and outer suburbs. The main factors that influenced the EPHS implementation were inadequate human resources, insufficient or unused health devices, ambiguous responsibilities among the health institutes, non-cooperative behaviors, and unhealthy living habits in rural residents. Conclusions The implementation of many EPHS items is good. For promoting EPHS,it is necessary to train human resources,activiate unused health devices,get support of residents and carry out health education.

Objective The aim of this study was to observe the growth difference and expression of cytochrome C of skin hair follicles in neonatal mice .Methods The morphology of different skin hair follicles of neonatal mice ( postnatal day 1-9)were observed by HE staining histology and cytochrome C was detected by immunohistochemistry .Results The skin hair follicles in different parts of neonatal mice showed differences not only in morphology but also in developmental pe -riods.Hair follicle growth in the back and tail skin had a nonlinear and growing period .After the nonlinear and growing pe-riod they began to grow rapidly .The tail development was slightly slower than that on the back .The hair follicles of vibris-sae were very special , and started to develop without a stable period .Conclusions The results of morphological observa-tion and cytochrome C immunohistochemistry demonstrate that differences exist in the hair follicle morphology and develop -mental times in the skin of different parts of the body in neonatal mice .

Objective To explore the effect of down-regulated methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) gene on the apoptosis and autophagy pathway, and offer a possible approach for the MTRR to reverse the multi-resistant ovarian cancer. Methods (1) The experiment was divided into 3 groups, SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi (down-regulated MTRR group), SKOV3/DDP-NC (negative control group), and SKOV3/DDP (blank control group). Different concentration of cisplatin (0, 1, 2, and 4 μg/ml) treated on 3 groups cells. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Autophagy was detected by immunofluorescence. Autophagy microtubule associated protein light chain 3β(LC3B) and p62 were detected by western blot. The formation of autophagosome of cells was observed by transmission electron microscope. (2) Detection of autophagy and apoptosis of SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi induced by rapamycin. The experiment was divided into 4 groups included rapamycin group (5 nmol/L rapamycin), rapamycin+cisplatin group (5 nmol/L rapamycin+4μg/ml cisplatin), cisplatin group (4μg/ml cisplatin) and blank control group. LC3B and p62 protein were detected by western blot. The survival rate cells were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. The apoptosis rate was measured by FCM. (3) The 3 groups cells (SKOV3/DDP, SKOV3/DDP-NC and SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi) induced by a certain concentration of cisplatin (4 μg/ml) after 48 hours, then detecting the protein expression of caspase, Bcl-2 family in apoptosis pathway and the key proteins in phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) autophagy pathways by western blot, getting the time when the proteins′expression changed. Results (1) The 3 groups cells (SKOV3/DDP, SKOV3/DDP-NC, and SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi) induced by a certain concentration of cisplatin (4 μg/ml) after 48 hours, apoptosis and autophagy of 3 groups of cells were gradually increased with the increased concentration of cisplatin. The apoptosis rate of SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi cells [(26.2 ± 1.4)%] were significantly increased compared with the SKOV3/DDP-NC cells or SKOV3/DDP cells [(14.8 ± 2.4)%, (14.2 ± 2.4)%;all P<0.05] at 2μg/ml cisplatin. Immunofluorescence tests revealed that the aggregates of LC3B in SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi cells were more than that of SKOV3/DDP-NC cells and SKOV3/DDP cells. The expression of LC3B of SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi cells was lower than those of SKOV3/DDP-NC cells and SKOV3/DDP cells (P<0.05). The expression of p62 of SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi cells was higher than those of SKOV3/DDP-NC cells and SKOV3/DDP cells (P<0.05). The structure of chloroplast was integrity and autophagosome was dispersing in plastids of SKOV3/DDP-NC cells and SKOV3/DDP cells. Organelles disappear and vacuoles increased obviously in SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi cells, no autophagosome was observed. (2) The expression of LC3B of rapamycin+cisplatin group was higher than those of other 3 group cells (1.72±0.08,1.43±0.04, 1.37±0.11, and 1.11 ± 0.09;P<0.05). The expression of p62 of rapamycin + cisplatin group was significant decreased (0.58 ± 0.10,0.94 ± 0.12, 1.21 ± 0.11, and 1.57 ± 0.10; P<0.05). The survival rate of rapamycin + cisplatin group was higher than that of cisplatin group [(0.78±0.03)%vs (0.62±0.03)%;P=0.018], the apoptosis rate was significant decreased in rapamycin+cisplatin group [(59.0 ± 3.9)% vs (40.4 ± 3.0)%, P=0.019]. (3) The 3 groups cells (SKOV3/DDP, SKOV3/DDP-NC, and SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi) induced by a certain concentration of cisplatin (4μg/ml) after 48 hours, the expression of Bax in 3 groups cell were not evidently changed (P=0.661). The expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased in SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi cells (P=0.030). The expression of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were not evidently changed (P>0.05), but cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-7, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved PARP were significantly increased in SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi cells (P<0.05). For the autophagy pathway, the expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) were significantly increased (P<0.05), but Akt and mTOR had no significant variation. The expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions MTRR silencing significantly increase cisplatin-induced apoptosis and reduce the autophagy induced by cisplatin in SKOV3/DDP cells. Down-regulation of MTRR enhanced the chemosensitivity of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells may be by activating caspase and Bcl-2 apoptosis family and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt autophagy pathway.

Objective To study the biological effects of down-regulatingof methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) gene on cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer SKOV3/DDP cell in vitro and in vivo. Methods (1) Establishing the cell line of MTRR down-regulated. Four short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for MTRR gene (U6-GFP-Neo-homo-1106, U6-GFP-Neo-homo-1931, U6-GFP-Neo-homo-419, U6-GFP-Neo-homo-1460) were designed respectively. Western blot was used to detect the interference efficiency and selected the most efficient shRNA. The MTRR 1106 was selected as the best silencing effect of interference fragment and then therecombinant plasmid vector pSicoR-1106 was constructed and transfected into SKOV3/DDP cells.The stably transfected cells was obtained by screening of flow cytometry(FCM).Fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of MTRR mRNA and protein. (2) Study in vitro: recombinant plasmid expression vector pSicoR-1106, pSicoR-NC and packaging plasmid were respectively transfected into 293T cell. SKOV3/DDP cells were transfected by viral supernatant. The experiment was divided into three groups, namely SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi (down-regulated MTRR group), SKOV3/DDP-NC (negative control group), and the SKOV3/DDP (blank control group). The cell growth curves and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cisplatin were made by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. Three groups cells were treated with different concentration of cisplatin (0, 1, 2 and 4 μg/ml). The clonogenicity efficiency was observed by clony formation test. The cell cycles were measured by FCM . (3) Study in vivo: three groups cells were subcutaneously inoculated into the nude mice to develop a tumor model. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin at 2.5 mg/kg (once every 2 days, in 21 rounds), then the tumor growth was observed. The expression of MTRR and proliferation-related Ki-67 antigen by immunohistochemistry in xenograft tumors were measured. Results (1) Results showed that U6-GFP-Neo-homo-1106 was the best shRNA with interference effect to MTRR. The recombinant plasmid pSicoR-1106 was constructed and transfected into SKOV3/DDP. The MTRR mRNA and protein were down-regulated after transfected. This result showed that MTRR down-regulated SKOV3/DDP cell line was constructed successfully. (2) The cell growth curves showed that the growth of SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi cells were significantly decreased compared with that in the SKOV3/DDP-NC cells and SKOV3/DDP cells (P<0.05). The IC50 of SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi, SKOV3/DDP-NC and SKOV3/DDP were 4.01, 7.90, and 8.91 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 of SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi was significantly lower than that in control cell groups (P<0.05).Clony formation tests showed that the clony numbers of varied concentration of cisplatin of SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi were significantly less than those of SKOV3/DDP-NC cells and SKOV3/DDP cells (P<0.05). FCM showed that when the cisplatin concentration rose to 4 μg/ml, the G0/G1 phase cell ratio in SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi cells group was (72.8±5.0)%, which was significantly higher than those in the SKOV3/DDP-NC cells group and SKOV3/DDP cells group [(64.4±2.5)%and (64.3±3.0)%], respectively (all P<0.05).(3) Six weeks after nude mice intraperitoneal injection with cisplatin, the tumor volume of SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi, SKOV3/DDP-NC and SKOV3/DDP were respectively (97 ± 32), (168 ± 45), and (173 ± 32) mm3, the tumor weight were (0.36±0.17), (1.08±0.17), and (1.11±0.20) g, in which tumor volume and weight of SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi were significantly less than those of SKOV3/DDP-NC cells and SKOV3/DDP cells (all P<0.05). In three groups tumor tissue, positive rates of MTRR were respectively 2/8, 5/8, and 7/8, the positive rates of Ki-67 were respectively1/8, 6/8, and 7/8, in which SKOV3/DDP-MTRRi was significantly lower those SKOV3/DDP-NC cells and SKOV3/DDP cells (all P<0.05). Conclusion The growth and cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells could be decreased by down-expressing of MTRR gene in vitro and in vivo.