Objective: To study the difference in tooth profile among Chinese,Caucasian and Japanese with normal occlusion.Methods: The data of the measurments of Chinese,Caucasian and Japanese with normal occlusion were collected from published studies.Crown angulation,crown inclination and crown convex were used in the comparation among the peoples. Results: Tooth profile in Chinese was significantly different from that of Caucasian but was similar to that of Japanese. Conclusion: The orthodontic appliances should be modified when we use the straight wire appliances that is suitable for Caucasian and Japanese.

Objective: To investigate the proliferation and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cell line U-2OS after sur-vivin gene was knocked down by siRNA synthesized in vitro. Methods: U-2OS cells were divided into 3 groups: Group A (blank control) , group B ( transfected with non-specific siRNA) and group C( transfected with survivin-specific siRNA). The morphological changes of U-2OS cells were observed with fluorescent microscope. The expression of survivin mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and Western blotting. The anti-proliferative effects were assessed by MTT and the rate of apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry in 3 groups. The results of the 3 groups were analyzed and compared. Results: Survivin specific siRNA significantly down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of survivin. Expression of survivin protein in group C was significantly lower than those in group A and B( P

Objective To approach the effective treatment for simple bone cyst in adult. Methods Forty-eight cases were divided into two groups by visiting order, 20 cases (steroid group) were treated by prednisolone acetate and 28 cases (open resection and allograft group) were treated by open resection and allograft. The curative effect were contrasted between two groups. Results The follow-up time was 5-46(26.58 ± 10.81) months. Aecording to the Chigira's healing criteria for simple bone cyst, grade Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ,V were 1, 2, 10 and 7 cases respectively in steroid group, contrasting to 0, 3, 5 and 20 cases respectively in open resection and allograft group. The recovery rate was 85.0%(17/20) in steroid group and 89.3%(25/28) in open resection and allograft group, which was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions Although the two remedies are no obvious difference in curative effect,simple bone cyst at lower extremity of weight-bearing with obvious osteolysis in adult is recommended to open resection and allograft, otherwise or at upper extremity to steroid injection.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility and initial outcome of reconstructing the defect femur by unicondylar osteoarticular altograft after resection of distal femur tumor.METHODS:Between July 2003 and August 2008,a total of 12 patients with distal femur tumor treated by unicondylar resection and fresh-frozen unicondylar osteoarticular allograft reconstruction of bone defects were retrospectively reviewed at the Department of Orthopedics,General Hospital of Chinese PLA.Of 12 patients,5 medial and 7 lateral femoral condyles were involved.There are 8 patients suffering from giant cell tumor,including 2 patients complicating with pathologic fracture,3patients suffering from osteosamoma and 1 patient suffering from low-grade fibrosarcoma.Before transplantation,MRI and/or CT were used to determine that the tumor was definitely limited in half condyle.Three cycles of chemotherapy preoperatively and six cycles of chemotherapy postoperatively were conducted in patients suffering from osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma.Patients with giant cell tumor did not receive any intraoperative adjuvant treatment.The surgical margin of resected tumors was evaluated by histological examination.All patients were followed by radiograph or CT.Postoperative function was evaluated by Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system at the time of the latest follow-up.RESULTS:All patients were followed up.The patients were followed up mean 35 months after transplantation.None of the patient died.No local recurrences and metastases were found at the latest follow-up.No evident immune rejection and deep infection were seen.No plate loosening or breakage was observed.All patients had their grafts retained at the time of the latest follow-up.Three patient's allograft showed subchondral bone collapse and articular deterioration,but the function was good.Instability of the knee joint was noted in 3 patients.The mean MSTS functional score (totally 30 points) was 26 points.CONCLUSION:For some patients with giant cell tumor or malignant tumors with clearly defined margins after chemotherapy.When the lesions were limited in half condyle and enough surgical margins can be achieved,reconstruction of bone defect with unicondylar osteoarticular allografts after bone tumors were resected appears to be a reliable alternative.

Objective To investigate the effect of reserpine,an efflux pumps inhibitor,on the activities of fluoroquinolones (FQNs) against Enterococci,and the distribution of efflux pump genes emeA and its correlation with the resistance of Enterococci.To elucidate the relationship between FQN resistance in Enterococci and active efflux.Methods One hundred isolates of enterococci were identified by VITEK microbe automatic system.The antibacterial agent susceptibility tests were performed by the disc diffusion method (K-B) in accordance with the CLSI standards.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each FQN was tested by the agar dilution method,and the MIC changes were detected after adding reserpine.The distribution of emeA in 100 isolates of Enterococci was determined by PCR.Thex2 test was used to compare the differences of statistical results.Results After reserpine was used,three-FQN resistance in Enterococci was reduced.Ciprofloxacin,gatifloxacin and levofloxacin resistance was reduced from 42％ (42/100) to 28％ (28/100),from 30％ (30/100) to 17％ (17/100),and from 33％ (33/100) to 23％ (23/100),respectively.The positive rate of emeA gene in 100 strains of Enterococci was 55％ (55/100).There were 45 positive strains(72.6％) in 62 E.faecalis and 10 positive strains (26.4％) in 38 E.faecium.The positive rate of emeA gene in the resistant strains against ciprofloxacin,gatifloxacin and levofloxacin was 73.8％ (31/42),76.7％ (23/30),75.8％ (25/33),respectively,and the positive rate of emeA gene in the susceptible strains against above 3 antibacterials were 41.4％ (24/58),45.7％ (32/70),44.8％ (30/67).Efflux pump genes emeA in resistant strains is higher than the sensitive strains,with the statistically significant difference(x2 =13.02,8.13 and 8.57,P ＜ 0.005).Conclusions Reserpine could inhibit the active efflux of in FON Enterococci and reduce the MIC for drug-resistant strains in vitro.Multidrug-resistant efflux pump gene emeA was relevant to antimicrobial drug resistance in Enterococci.

Objective To investigate changes of family parenting styles after the reforn and opening in China and its influence on mental health.Methods On the base of stratified convenience sampling,a valid sample of 429 were recruited from Wuxi and Hefei city residents:1960s group 103 persons,1970s group 107 persons,1980s group 116 persons,and 1990s group 103 persons.Subjects' childhood parenting styles were surveyed with the family upbringing style questionnaire(FUSQ) and their current mental health status was rated with the psychological symptom inventory-100 (PSI-100).Results (1) Except understanding-blame,and expects-demanding,and mother respect-humiliation and mother warmth-wildness,there were significant age differences on other parenting styles (P＜ 0.05),their scores were gradually increased from 1960s group ((38.29± 6.30)-(44.99± 7.36)) to 1980s group ((40.96±6.05)-(48.53±7.91)),1990s group declined((40.13±7.27)-(46.97±6.61)).(2) Most parenting style dimensions were significantly negatively correlated with symptom total score (r=0.095-0.308) and mental symptom scores (r=0.090-0.330).(3) The family parenting styles had significantly effects on the symptom total score (explained variance of 20.3％) and mental symptom scores (explained variance of 12.4％-21.5％).Conclusion There have been some positive,open and scientific changes on the family parenting styles after the reform and opening in China,childhood family parenting styles have long-term effects on mental health of youth and adult.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Ebselen on mitochondrial damage and its influence to Cytochrome C expression and the neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats. Methods Sixty adult SD rats were ran-domly divided into 5 groups (12 each group). Spinal cord injury model was made using Allen's method. Sham operation group received only laminectomy;SCI group received laminectomy and spinal trauma;Saline group received saline injection intraperitoneally (0.1%DMSO) after injury;methylprednisolone group received 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone injection intra-peritoneally, ebselen group received 10 mg/kg ebselen injection intraperitoneally. The malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathi-one (GSH)level at the injured sites of the spinal cord were detected 24 hours after trauma, and the expression level of Cyto-chrome C was also observed. Finally, neuronal apoptosis was identified by TUNEL staining. Results MDA level in the Eb-selen group was significantly lower than that in the SCI group, and GSH level was significantly elevated in the Ebselen group compared with SCI group (P<0.01). Expression of Cytochrome C in Ebselen group was lower than that in SCI group shown by Western blot, and the neuronal apoptosis in Ebselen group reduced significantly too compared with SCI group (P<0.01). Conclusion Ebselen can alleviate peroxidation,prohibit expression of Cytochrome C and inhibit neuronal apoptosis,thus it shows a protective effect to experimental acute SCI.

Objective To investigate the effects of metabolic syndrome(MS)on the structure and function of artery in patients with essential hypertension(EH).Methods One hundred forty-eight patients with EH were classified as EH with MS(EH+MS)or EH alone and healthy subjects(n=30)as control.Carotid intima-media thickness(IMT),brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation(FMD)and non-flow-mediated vasodilation(NMD)were measured by Dopple ultrasonography.Results Carotid IMT(EH+MS:1.0?0.3 vs EH:0.8?0.2 vs control: 0.5?0.1 mm)and hsCRP(EH+MS:0.9?0.4 vs EH:0.7?0.3 vs control:0.4?0.2 mg/L)were significantly higher in EH+MS patients than that in EH+nonMS patients and control subjects(P all

Objective To evaluate preventive effect of polysaccharides from Lycium ruthenicum Murray against photodamage in HaCaT cells,and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods Ultrasoundassisted extraction was used to extract polysaccharides from Lycium ruthenicum Murray in Qaidam Basin.In vitro cultured HaCaT cells were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group receiving no treatment,ultraviolet B (UVB) group irradiated with 30 nJ/cm2 UVB alone for 1 hour,experimental group pretreated with 2 g/L Lyeium ruthenicum polysaccharide solution followed 6 hours later by 30 mJ/cm2 UVB radiation for 1 hour.At twelve hours after UVB radiation,an inverted microscope was used to observe cell morphology.Then,MTS assay was performed to estimate cell proliferation,flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis,an enzyme-labeled antigen method to detect levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),as well as to evaluate the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure levels of intedeukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in HaCaT cells and their culture supernatant.Results Compared with the control group,the UVB group showed obscure cell morphology,cell death and floating phenomenon,while cells became swollen but renained morphologically distinct in the experimental group.MTS assay revealed that the cell proliferative activity significantly differed among the above 3 groups (F =48.88,P ＜ 0.01),and the cell proliferative activity was significantly lower in the UVB group (1.72 ± 0.12) than in the control group (2.34 ± 0.11,P ＜ 0.05) and experimental group (2.11 ± 0.10,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the UVB group (82.41％ ± 2.49％) than in the control group (3.98％ ± 0.19％,P ＜ 0.05) and experimental group (22.79％ ± 0.97％,P ＜ 0.05),as well as higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the UVB group showed significantly higher levels of MDA,supernatant levels of IL-1 and TNF-α,and intracellular levels of TNF-α,but significantly lower GSH-Px levels and activity of SOl and CAT (all P ＜ 0.05).However,there was no signifi-cant difference in the intracellular level of TNF-α between the UVB group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Lycium ruthenicum polysaccharide has protective effects against photodamage in HaCaT cells,likely by reducing the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory substances as well as free radicals.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Tanreqing injection, a traditional Chinese herbal preparation for clearing heat and resolving phlegm, in treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) by improving airway inflammation and airway mucus hypersecretion. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed. Ninety AECOPD patients were randomly divided into Tanreqing group, ambroxol hydrochloride group and control group. The patients in the three groups were all treated with conventional therapy. Furthermore, intravenous drip infusion of 20 ml Tanreqing injection (once daily) and 15 mg ambroxol hydrochloride injection (twice daily) were administered respectively to the patients in the Tanreqing group and ambroxol hydrochloride group. They were all treated for 10 days. Symptom score of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), plasma concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-10 and neutrophil elastase (NE) were detected before and after treatment. RESULTS: Cough, sputum amount, expectoration, dyspnea, fever, coated tongue and pulse tracings were improved obviously in Tanreqing group (P<0.05), and the effects of Tanreqing on improving cough, sputum amount and expectoration were better than the conventional therapy (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between Tanreqing group and ambroxol hydrochloride group (P>0.05). Compared with ambroxol hydrochloride group and the control group, the coated tongue was improved obviously in Tanreqing group (P>0.05). After treatment, plasma concentrations of IL-8, IL-10 and NE were decreased in Tanreqing group and ambroxol hydrochloride group (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-8 and IL-10 in the control group were decreased (P<0.05). The change of IL-8 level before and after treatment in Tanreqing group was greater than that in ambroxol hydrochloride group and the control group. The changes of IL-10 and NE levels in ambroxol hydrochloride group were greater than those in Tanreqing group and the control group, while there was no significant difference in the changes of serum levels of IL-8, IL-10 and NE among the three groups (P>0.05). Total response rates in Tanreqing group and ambroxol hydrochloride group were higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in total response rate between Tanreqing group and ambroxol hydrochloride group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in total response rate among the three groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Tanreqing injection can improve TCM signs and symptoms in AECOPD patients, and the mechanism maybe due to the decrease of serum levels of IL-8 and NE and improvement of IL-10 level.