Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Portal Vein ; Venous Thrombosis

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Humans ; Tetrachloroethylene ; blood

Objective To observe the effects of Tongluo recipe on extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) pathway in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced rat models of type 1 diabetes mellitus, andto explore the renoprotective mechanism of Tongluo recipe. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (A, n = 10) and experimental group. Rats in the experimental group were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body mass), and were randomly subdivided into group B (diabetic control, n = 10), group C (diabetic rats treated with low dose of Tongluo recipe, 0. 5 g/[kg • d], n = 10), group D (diabetic rats treated with medium dose of Tongluo recipe, 1. 0 g/[kg • d], n = 10), group E (diabetic rats treated with high dose of Tongluo recipe,2. 0 g/[kg • d], n = 10) and group F (diabetic rats treated with losartan, 30 mg/[kg • d],n=10). At the end of the 12th week rats were sacrificed, and the serum glucose, triacylglycerol(TG), total cholesterol(Choi), serum creatinine(Scr), urea nitrogen(BUN) in blood, 24-hour urine protein(Upro24), microalbuminuria (MAU), and creatinine in urine(UCR) were examined. The kidney mass/body mass (KM/BM) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were calculated. The left kidneyswere collected, weighed and subjected to H-E staining and PAS staining to observe the pathological changes; serum and renal tissue angiotensin II (Ang II) levels were determined by ELISA; the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2) was detectedby immunohistochemical staining and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression was determined by Western blotting analysis. Results Compared with group B, group D had a slighter mesangial proliferation under light microscope. Besides, rats in group D had significantly decreased Ccr, BUN, MAU, and Upro24 in the serum, and decreased Ang II in the serum and renal tissue, and decreased KM/BM, VEGF and p-ERK1/2 levels in renal tissue compared with rats in group B(P<0. 05). The medium dose of Tongluo recipe and losartan showed similar effects in improving the renal function and inhibiting Ang II, VEGF, and p-ERK1/2 expression of diabetic rats. Conclusion The renoprotective effect of Tongluo recipe may be related to inhibition of ERK1/2 cascade pathway by decreasing the expression of Ang II and VEGF.

Objective To observe the effects of Tongluo reeipe on extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) pathway in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced rat models of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and to explore the renoprotective mechanism of Tongluo reeipe. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (A, n=10) and experimental group. Rats in the experimental group were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body mass), and were randomly subdivided into group B (diabetic control, n=10), group C (diabetic rats treated with low dose of Tongluo recipe,0.5g/[kg · d], n=10), group D (diabetic rats treated with medium dose of Tongluo recipe, 1.0g/[kg · d], n=10), group E (diabetic rats treated with high dose of Tongluo recipe, 2.0g/[kg · d], n=10) and group F (diabetic rats treated with losartan, 30 mg/[kg · d],n=10). At the end of the 12th week rats were sacrificed, and the serum glucose, triacylglycerol(TG), total cholesterol(Chol), serum creatinine(Scr), urea nitrogen(BUN) in blood, 24-hour urine protein(Upro24), microalbuminuria (MAU), and creatinine in urine (UCR) were examined. The kidney mass/body mass (KM/BM) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were calculated. The left kídneys were collected, weighed and subjected to H-E staining and PAS staining to observe the pathological changes; serum and renal tissue angiotensin II (Ang II) levels were determined by ELISA; the expressíon of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) was detected by immunohistochemical staining and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression was determined by Western blotting analysis. Results Compared with group B, group D had a slighter mesangial proliferation under light microscope. Besides, rats in group D had significantly decreased Ccr, BUN, MAU, and Upro24 in the serum, and decreased Ang II in the serum and renal tissue, and decreased KM/BM, VEGF and p-ERK1/2 levels in renal tissue compared with rats in group B(P<0.05). The medium dose of Tongluo recipe and losartan showed similar effects in improving the renal function and inhibiting Ang II, VEGF, and p-ERK1/2 expression of diabetic rats. Conclusion The renoprotective effect of Tongluo recipe may be related to inhibition of ERK1/2 cascade pathway by decreasing the expression of Ang II and VEGF.

Objective: To observe the effects of Tongluo recipe on the renal expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), advanced glycation end products receptor (RAGE) and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2) in streptozotocin-induced rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and to explore the mechanism of its renoprotective effect. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-220 g, were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (A, n=10) and model group (n=50). Rat diabetic model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight), and the model rats were randomly subdivided into B group (diabetic control, n=10), C group (diabetic rats treated with low dose of Tongluo recipe, 0.5 g·kg-1·d-1, n=10), D group (diabetic rats treated with medium dose of Tongluo recipe, 1.0 g·kg -1·d-1, n=10), E group (diabetic rats treated with high dose of Tongluo recipe, 2.0 g·kg-1·d-1, n=10), and F group (diabetic rats treated with losartan, 30 g·kg -1·d-1, n=10). At the end of the 12th week the rats were sacrificed and were weighed; the urea nitrogen (BUN) in blood, serum creatinine (Scr), 24 h albumin excretion rate (UPRO24), microalbuminuria (MAU) and creatinine in urine (Ucr) were analyzed by bio-chemical methods. The left kidneys were weighed and the right kidneys were subjected to real-time PCR analysis for the expression of CTGF and RAGE mRNA. Western blotting analysis was used to examine the expression of CTGF, RAGE, p-ERK1/2, and total-ERK1/2 protein expression. Results: The creatinine clearance rate, urea nitrogen, 24 h albumin excretion rate, and microalbuminuria in group D and E were significantly lower than those of group B. And the renal functions of rats in group D and E were improved and the expression of RAGE and CTGF mRNA and protein and p-ERK1/2 protein expression was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tongluo recipe may exert its renoprotective effect through inhibiting RAGE-ERK1/2-CTGF signal pathway.

FDG-PET has played a significant role in the clinical management of lung cancer since it can efficiently visualize the functional metabolic changes of normal and pathological tissues in human body. It has been used more and more widely in many aspects of lung cancer management including diagnosis, staging, target volume delineation for radiotherapy plan, treatment response inspection, and recurrence detection. However, the false positive led by benign and inflammation somehow decreases its diagnostic specificity of lung cancer. The diagnostic methods for lung cancer consist of visual interpretation and semi-quantitative analysis based on static imaging and quantitative analysis based on dynamic imaging. This article briefly reviews the current trends, challenges and foreground of this imaging modality in the field of clinical management of lung cancer.

[Objective]To analyze the treatment effect of degenerative scoliosis. [Method]A group of degenerative scoliosis patients and their symptoms,signs,imaging,treatment,treatment outcome,statistical analysis of clinical complications were analyzed. [Result]Degenerative lumbar vertebral height was lowered by scoliosis,the facet joint X-ray showed high density,joint process,and some patients MRI imaging performance for the lumbar spinal canal stenosis,nerve root compression. [Conclusion]Scoliosis propose severe degenerative lumbar degenerative disease concept : as the result of the lumbar vertebral height lower after the annex being not parallel with the extent of the decrease is the main reason leading to degenerative scoliosis,and the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis contrary,health scoliosis cause sudden stress-induced arthritis of the joints is a major reason leading to low back pain.The clinical characteristics of severe back pain and / or nerve root pain or intermittent claudication and clinical classification : degenerative scoliosis patients divided into two main types :(1) in accordance with the breakdown of the causes of scoliosis : ①physiological; ②pathological scoliosis;(2) conducted in accordance with the germs are : ①ankylosis,②non-tonic type(third degree,second degree,first degree);(3)in accordance with lumbar scoliosis :①simple shapes into curved,② lumbar curved(lumbar mainly,affect some thoracic),③combined compensatory thoracic-lumbar bends.Treatment principles :in general,under the circumstances permit for scoliosis surgery,orthopedic principles : lumbar curving not totally stressed.

[Objective]A new device of gear-distraction plate (GDP) for spine reduction and fixation was designed and its biomechanical characteristics was evaluated.[Method]The GDP implants were made of titanium alloy (TC4,Ti6AL4V) and the instruments were made of stainless steel after design.Eighteen fresh calf lumbar specimens were randomly divided into three groups, the GDP group had a biomechanical test contrast to control group(CD, Steffee) in load-responsive change, load-displacement, strength, stiffness, torsion intensity and ultimate strength.[Result]Results It is better than control group in load-responsive change, load-displacement, strength, stiffness, torsion intensity and ultimate strength, there was a significant difference between them (P

Objective To study the complications and prevention methods for the different anterior locking cervical plate systems. Methods One hundred and sixty-seven patients with the cervical spondylotic myelopathy, fracture-dislocations or tumor of the cervical spine were treated using AO, Orion, and SpineTech anterior locking cervical plate systems. The complications related to the different plate systems were observed. Results The complications related to the anterior cervical plate occurred in 19 patients which included protrusion of the fixation screws into disc space,migration of the screws and plate and esophagus fistulae. Most of the complications were caused by improperly technological performance. Conclusion It is important to have correct patient selection and follow the technical principles of the different anterior locking cervical plate systems for the prevention of the complications.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, surgical staging of primary tumors of cervical spine, the effects of different surgical approach and operative method. Methods The location, characteristics,surgical staging, clinical manifestation of tumors, different operative approach and opertative methods were described respectively. Surgical staging of the tumors in 45 cases was divided into four stages: 10 cases in stageⅠ,11 cases in stage Ⅱ, 9 cases in stage Ⅲ, 15 cases in stage Ⅳ. Eleven cases were treated with intracapsule excision, 18 cases by marginal excision, 15 cases by wide excision. Results The following up period lasted from 6 months to 10 years(average 3 years). One case with upper cervical spine tumor died from quadriplegia, respiratory and circulatory failure 10 days after operation. The short term results after operation were satisfactory in 44 cases. The local pain and neurological symptoms were improved or resolved. Megrim in 2 cases disappeared;1 cases with malignant nerve sheath tumors and 1 cases with chondrosarcoma died from metastasis, and systemic failure in 13 months, 24 months. Tumors focus recurred one year after the surgery in 1 case with osteoblastomas, 1 case with chondrosarcoma and 1 case with giant cell tumor. Conclusion The surgical approach and operative methods must be selected according to the location, surgical staging, characters of tumors; operative methods and postoperative comprehensive therapy play important roles on prognosis of the tumor cases.