Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the Clinicopathological syndrome characterized by diffuse hepatic steatosis from excessive use of alcohol and other specific factors that cause liver damage including simple steatosis,and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.The pathogenesis of NAFLD is closely related to Insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility.Presently the major treatment of NAFLD is diet control to reduce weight.On the basis of the treatment with dyslipidemia and hypoglycemic drugs or application of weight loss for more than one month,are there still mixed hyperlipidemia or hyperlipidemia with two or more risk factors,need to add Lipid-lowering drugs such as fibrates,statins or Probucol should be considered.The prevention and treatment with lipid-lowering drugs in NAFLD will be summarized in this article.

Objective To investigate the effect of different antidepressants (mirtazapine and fluoxetine) on food intake, body weight, tumor growth in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Methods A subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of human pancreatic cancer SW1990 was established. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into saline solution control group, mirtazapine group, fluoxetine group, with 7 mice in each group. All mice were treated once daily with saline solution, mirtazapine (10mg·kg-1·d-1), fluoxetine (10mg· kg-1·d-1), orally by using metal garage feeding needles for 42 days. Tumor size, body weight, food intake were investigated. Results There was no significant difference in tumor size in the three groups. From the 2nd week, the food intake of mice in the mirtazapine group significantly increased compared with other two groups; the body weight of mice in the mirtazapine group at the 4th week was (16.00±1.41) g, which was higher than those in other two groups (P<0.05); from the 3rd week, the food intake of mice in the fluoxetine group significantly decreased compared with control group, and the body weight also decreased significantly from the 6th week (P<0.05) ; at the 6th week, the food intake of mice in the control, mirtazapine and fluoxetine groups were (3.54±0.13)g, (4.19±0.16)g and (3.34±0.13)g, and the body weight were (13.71±1.11)g, (14.86±1.68)g and (12.57±1.51)g, respectively. Conclusions Mirtazapine was better than fluoxetine in increasing food intake and alleviating body decreasing on a pancreatic cancer mouse model. However, there was no significant effect on the pancreatic tumor growth.

Objective To investigate the effects of mirtazapine in combination with gemcitabine on food intake,body weight and tumor growth of human pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in nude mice.Methods 24 subcutaneous pancreatic cancer xenograft nude mice were randomly divided into control group,gemcitabine group(receiving 100 mg/kg gemcitabine i.P.on days 1,4,7 and 10 after operation)and combination group (gemcitabine as above and mirtazapine,10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),orally feeding for 21 days),with 8 mice in each group. All mice were sacrificed at day 21.Food intake,body weight and tumor size were compared among three groups.Results Gemcitabine group showed significant anti-tumor effects,but adverse effects such as decreasing food intake and body weight Was also noted. On days 21,there Was no significant difference in tumor size between combination group and gemcitabine group.The tumor inhibition rates of the two groups were 69.13%and 71.60%respectively(P>0.05).The food intake of mice and body weight[(3.12±0.11)g and(14.68±0.42)g]in combination group were slightly greater than these of gemcitabine group[(2.96±0.14)g and(14.38±0.61)g,P>0.05],but these parameters were significantly lowerthan those of control group[(4.65±0.13)g and(17.46±0.52)g,P<0.05].Conclusions Gemcitabine chemotherapy showed significant anti-tumor effects. Mirtazapine cannot significantly enhance the anti.tumor effect of gemcitabine. However,mirtazapine could alleviate adverse events of gemcitabine to some extent.

As natural components of the environment,air and water,geomagnetic field plays an important role,which is closely related to growth and evolution for living organisms. Being off earth magnetic field,biological effects would be fetched out. Settled in the Moon and long-term interplanetary space flight,human being and other biological objects would experience extremely low magnetic fields. In addition,weaker magnetic fields exist in some artificial environment,such as artificial magnetic shielding experimental room,submarine etc. Since 1970s,biological effects of hypomagnetic environment and zero-magnetic environment have continuously studied. This paper will briefly review the research progress about biological effects of hypomagnetic environment..

Hepatitis C and its complications are one of the highlights in liver disease prevention and control in China,and from the clinical practice 20 years ago to a cure rate of nearly 100％ at present,standardized diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C,a large number of scientific studies,and drug research and development are the basis for the clearance of HCV.Direct-acting antiviral agents play an important role in the clearance of HCV,and the clearance of HCV does not equal to the cure of chronic hepatitis C.For patients with hepatitis C who have achieved a high sustained virologic response rate after using direct-acting antiviral agents,their long-term prognosis should be taken seriously.Correct and reasonable application of hepatitis C treatment is still a hot issue that needs to be discussed at present.

Objective: To study the effects of tissue engineered bone in the repair of mandibular defect.Methods:The experiments were conducted in 12 dogs.Bone marrow stromal stem cells(BMSCs) of dog were cultured in DMEM containing 100 ml/L fetal bovine serum and induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts.Then the cells were seeded onto absorbable polylactic acid(PLA) compounded with rhBMP-2(0.16 mg for each implant), the composite was implanted into the oval-shaped mandibular bone defect in the size of 30 mm?12 mm on one side,another side was used as blank control.The dogs were divided into 4 grups with 3 in each group.PLA/rhBMP/BMSCs,PLA/rhBMP,PLA/BMSCs and PLA were used as the implants in group A,B,C and D respectively. 2, 4 and 8 weeks after implantation,the effectiveness of bone formation was evaluated by means of gross observation,histological and scanning electronic microscope ( SEM) examination. Results: In group A new bone formation in the implanted defects was observed 4 weeks after operation, the defects were replaced by muture bone tissue 8 weeks after operation. In group B a little new bone was found in the implanted area 4 weeks after operation and fibrous bone was observed 8 weeks after operation. In group C chondral ossification was found and in group D fibrous tissue was found in the bone defects 8 weeks after operation.Conclusion:PLA/rhBMP/BMSCs may be feasible in the repair of bone defect.

Objective To probe into the application of argon laser photo-coagulation (APC) in interventional endoscopic treatment of digestive diseases. Method 62 patients suffering from digestive diseases were treated with interventional endoscopic treatment with the aid of APC, including 393 cases of gastrointestinal polyps, 122 cases of gastritis verrucosa, 5 cases of Barrett's esophageal ulcer and 42 cases of hemorrhage of digestive tract. The effectiveness of the treatment was observed. Result For 350 cases of gastrointestinal polyp, in which the diameter of the polyp was less than 5 mm, the lesions were eliminated when checked by endoscopy 3 months after APC treatment, the curative ratio was 100%. For 43 cases of gastrointestinal polyps, in which the diameter of the polyp was larger than 5 mm, no residual lesions were found in 38 cases, and remarkable improvement was found in another 5 cases of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. For 122 case of gastritis verrucosa, 116 cases recovered thoroughly, the curative ratio reached 95.1%. In 42 cases of hemorrhage of digestive tract, no hemorrhage was found in 41 cases after APC treatment. In 5 cases of Barrett′s esophageal ulcer treated with APC accompanied by PPIs, squamous cell epithelium was found to have recovered as shown by endoscopy and biopsy 3 months after the treatment, and no recurrence 12 months later. Conclusion APC can be widely used in digestive diseases including gastrointestinal polyps, hemorrhage of digestive tract, Barrett's syndrome, gastritis verrucosa, etc. APC has a special value for the treatment of gastrointestinal polyp when the diameter of the polyp was less than 5 mm, and also gastritis verrucosa.

The medication characteristics of doctor ZHENG Chong-guang in Qing Dynasty was studied from prescription metrology range index,including properties,tastes,channel tropism and function index.It was found that his clinic prescription practice was different from other doctors in Jiangzhe province which originated from his territory character,the territory character of Xin'an school was disclosed,it was suggested that prescription metrology range index was an valuable impersonal index for doctor's territory character.

Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) has an aberrantly high expression in multiple cancer tissues, including colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and so on, which is closely related to cancer aggressiveness and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. It has been reported that ID1 maintains colorectal cancer cells (CRCs) stemness traits and contributes to the CRC drug resistance. While, the biological molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this research, we found that ID1 upregulates octamer binding transcription factor (OCT4) protein level as well as OCT4 signaling pathway via Western blot, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), dual-luciferase reporter assay, and real-time PCR. Through the in vitro sphere formation assay, we found that overexpression of OCT4 reverses the inhibitory effect of knocking down ID1 on CRC sphere formation ability. With the help of JASPAR and GEPIA database, we predicted a novel transcriptional repressor—forkhead box D3 (FOXD3) of OCT4. Finally, by using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), confocal and real-time PCR, we demonstrated that ID1 interacts with FOXD3 to inhibit its transcriptional repression activity and therefore to upregulate OCT4 transcription and OCT4 signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study provides a new theoretical basis for the regulation mechanism of colon cancer stem cells, and the newly found protein-protein interaction of ID1-FOXD3 provides a potential drug target for the therapy of CRC.

Objective To establish animal model of arterial vulnerable plaques for molecular imaging study.Methods Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into high lipid diet+balloon-injury group (A),high lipid diet group (B)and regular diet group (C).Ultrasound (US)and magnetic resonance (MR)imaging were used to dynamically observe the formation of plaque in abdominal aorta. Results were compared with blood lipid level and pathological indicators.Results At 4 weeks,several plaques could be seen in group A.The plaque number increased rapidly and reached to 22 at 12 weeks,which was in parallel with the change of blood lipid. Only a few plaques were observed in group B,while no vulnerable plaque was revealed in group C.All the plaques were judged to be soft plaques on US and MR images,which was consistent with the macrophages gathering and smooth muscle cell proliferating in plaques.Conclusion High lipid diet+balloon-injury is an ideal method to build animal model for molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaque.