Objective:To investigate the status of self-medication with antibacterial agents among customers in pharmacies.Method:A cross-sectional study was chosen to collect information.Questionnaires were filled out and handed in on the spot by interviewees who bought drugs in pharmacies.Result:The percent of self-medication with antibacterial agents in a recent month among the total users was 67.6%.Higher prevalence of self-medication with antibacterial agents was observed in the groups of low levels of education,housewives,non-incumbents and chronic sufferers,who used them mainly to treat their common colds.Antibacterial agents that interviewees used most frequently were penicillins(44.5%) and macrolides(30.5%).Conclusion:The prevalence of self-medication with antibacterial agents was high among pharmacy customers and presented an irrational use of drugs.Some measures should be adopted to decrease the behavior of self-medication with antibacterial agents and purchase without prescription and ensure the rational drug use.

Objective:To establish method for determination of residual formamide in Allopurinol by gas chromato-graphy.Methods:Detected by FID detector,Separated by SUPLCOWAX-10.Results:The formamide show a good linear relationship at range of 5～20?g/ml,the average recovery was 95.57%.(RSD=1.74%,n=6)for formamide.Conclusion:It is quite suitable to be used in analysis of the formamide in Allopurinol.

The application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in hepatectomy is safe and feasible.The related researches of the clinical strategies of ERAS involved in colonic surgery instead of management of basic diseases of liver,and the influence of portal hypertension and hepatitis B virus infection on the ERAS has not been emphasized.According to the clinical strategies of ERAS in colon surgery,the basic diseases and the characteristics of liver were focused,and the clinical strategies of ERAS in the era of precision liver surgery were proposed.Through concerted efforts of the multidisciplinary team and a joint of surgeons,nurses and patients,the establishment of multicentre clinical studies under guidance of evidence-based medicine (EBM) will show clearly a development direction of the clinical strategies of ERAS in the era of precision liver surgery.

Selected course is an important part in higher medical educational curriculum.In order to improve selected courses impact,we reformed our selected courses.The new selected courses give prominence to characteristics of military medical university and incarnate modern educational theory and diversity.

Objective To investigate the causes and measurement of the colonic fistulas after severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),so as to increase its cure rate.Method A retrospective study was made on 19 SAP cases complicated with colonic fistulas after drainage operation in order to find out the risk factors,the location and the time of complicated colonic fistulas,and to sum up the experiences of earlier diagnosis and comprehensive treatment.Results Most patients occurred colonic fistulas within 4~6 weeks postoperation.Seventeen patients recovered,the cure rate being 89.5%(17/19),and two case died of serious systemtic infection and multiple organ systemtic failure.Conclusions Colonic fistulas complicated by SAP is related to anatomic factors,the degree of local inflammation,the way of draingic tube putted away,and improper surgical therapy.Comprehensive therapy including taking double cannula to drainage in active,earlier jejunostomy nutrition support or colostomy,supplementing with recombinant human growth hormone can lead to better results.

The evaluation on clinical efficacy of traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) is an important scientific subject during the development of TTM. Firstly, the authors introduced the current situations and problems in evaluation on clinical efficacy of traditional Tibetan medicine both at home and abroad in this study. Secondly, they compared the similarities and differences between TTM and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in evaluation on clinical efficacy, define their differences in details but not in nature, and proposed that TTM could selectively learn TCM's experiences in clinical research and build a specific methodology system for evaluation on clinical efficacy according to its own characteristics. Thirdly, they discussed the methodological challenges in evaluation on clinical efficacy of TTM, including the pending clinical research guidelines and disease diagnosis standards according to its own characteristics. Finally, they propound some suggestions for promoting the evaluation on clinical efficacy of TTM, including the comprehensive application of multiple research methods, overall research-based evaluation on efficacy of TTM complex intervention and selection of accepted and objective outcome indexes for efficacy evaluation.
Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Evaluation ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the expression of Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F) protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to demonstrate its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC. Methods Western Blotting was carried out in 32 hepatocellular carcinoma samples and matched perineoplastic tissues to detect the expression of SEMA3F protein. The relationship between SEMA3F protein expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of HCC patients was analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to show the location of SEMA3F in HCC cells and its relationship with microvessel density (MVD). Results The expression of SEMA3F protein in HCC tissues was significantly higher than in the perineoplastic tissues (447.78± 48.26 vs 618.93 ±61.23, P＜0. 05) and it was correlated closely with tumor capsulation and tumor nodular number (P＜0.05). Based on the Western Blotting and clinical follow-up data, we found that the survival time of HCC patients with a higher SEMA3F expression level was longer than those with a lower level, and the recurrent/metastatic time of HCC patients was significantly different between these two groups (P＜0.01). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that SEMA3F protein localized in the cytoplasm of HCC cells and its expression correlated with HCC MVD. MVD in the low-level group was higher than the high-level group (115.6±30.38 vs 86. 56±17.94, P＜0.01). Conclusions SEMA3F expression in HCC was significantly down-regulated and correlated closely with tumor-capsulation, nodular number, and MVD, implicating SEMA3F may play an important role in recurrence and metastasis of HCC. It can be regarded as a prognostic marker in HCC patients.

0.05 ). The assessments of the 4 examiners were uniform(?=0.57~0.65).Conclusion:Radiograph can provide essential evidence for the clinical diagnosis of the vertical root fracture in mandibular first molar.

Dental Implantation ; Humans ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical distribution and antibiotics resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nosocomial infection after open-heart operation.METHODS The clinical data of 393 patients with nosocomial infection from Jan 2004 to Dec 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS There were 57 infected cases caused by P.aeruginosa,and accounted for 14.5% of all infections during period.All infected patients had serious original heart diseases,and received broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy previously.Forty-two patients developed postoperative cardiorespiratory function failure,and 28 patients needed circulatory support.Thirty-six patients prolonged mechanical ventilation time for over 1 week.Results of susceptibility test showed that ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam were the most active antibiotics,followed by tobramycin,netilmicin,gentamicin,meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin.P.aeruginosa presented high resistance to ceftazidime and cefoperazone/sulbactam.CONCLUSIONS P.aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogenic bacteria after open-heart operations in our hospital and presented multidrug resistance.Rational use of antibiotics is important to reduce drug resistant strains.