BACKGROUND:Studies have reported that underin vitro experimental environment, antisense endothelin nucleic acid nanometer carrier can express target nucleic acid and produce RNA interference effect after enfolding by 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles, which can effectively inhibit the excessive generation of endothelin from inflammatory cytokines induced by alergen. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles enfolding antisense endothelin converting enzyme RNA expression plasmid on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mouse models. METHODS: Forty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups. Mice in the chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups were subjected to sensitization by an intraperitoneal injection with ovalbumin (0, 14 days) and motivation by aerosol inhalation of ovalbumin (24, 25, 26 days) to induce asthma models. Mice in the control group were subjected to sensitization and motivation by the perfusion of normal saline. At 24hours before the first excitation, mice in the control, chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups were perfused with normal salinevia airway, 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and antisense endothelin converting enzyme RNA. At 48 hours after the last excitation, the airway reactivity of mice was detected. After 28 days, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology, lung histopathology, cytokines in spleen cel culture supernatant were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the total number of plasmid cels, the percentage of eosinophils, eosinophil absolute counts, interleukin-4 levels, endothelin levels and airway hyperresponsiveness of mice in chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups were increased (P < 0.05), and the lung inflammation was more severe. These indicators in the chitosan nanoparticles group were al lower than those in the normal saline and plasmid groups (P < 0.05) and the degree of inflammation was lighter than that in the saline and plasmid groups. These results demonstrate that 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles enfolding antisense endothelin converting enzyme RNA expression plasmid can reduce the synthetic amount of asthma endothelin and inhibit airway responsiveness.

BACKGROUND:Pancreas or islet cel transplantation and stem cel transplantation bring hope to cure diabetes, but pancreas or islet transplantation appears to have a lack of donors as wel as immune rejection problems, limiting their clinical development. Therefore, stem cel transplantation therapy has become the current hotspot.
OBJECTIVE:To study the therapeutic effects of huaman telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s transplantation on diabetes mel itus in SD rats.
METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were transfected with PLXSN carrying hTERT. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=6), stem cel group (n=10), hTERT transfection group (n=10), diabetes mel itus group (n=10). Except the control group, the rats were injected with stretozotocin (45 mg/kg) to make diabetes mel itus models. After modeling, rats in the stem cel group and hTERT transfection group were respectively intravenously injected with 1 mL of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (1.5×1010/L) and 1 mL of hTERT-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (1.5×1010/L).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 24 hours after modeling, the fasting blood-glucose level was significantly increased in the diabetes mel itus group, which was higher than the normal value (6.7 mmol/L). At 15 days after cel transplantation, the fasting blood-glucose levels were signficiantly decreased in the stem cel group and hTERT transfection group as compared with the diabetes mel itus group (P<0.05), but the body mass of rats was increased in these two group (P<0.05), especial y in the hTERT transfection group. At 45 days after cel transplantation, the fasting blood-glucose level and body mass in the stem cel group and hTERT transfection group were close to those in the control group (P>0.05), and moreover, the hTERT group had better outcomes than the stem cel group. Meanwhile, in the diabetes mel itus group, the fasting blood-glucose level was stil at a higher level, and the body mass decreased continously. These findings suggest that hTERT-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation is effective for treatment of diabetes mel itus in rats.

Primary liver cancer ( PLC) is one of the most invasive malignant tumors in the clinics .The PLC within Milan criteria can be cured by liver transplantation or liver resection .However,PLC exceeding Milan criteria has been a question for us to overcome all the time .In recent years ,transcatheter arterial chemoemboliza-tion( TACE) and its combination therapy for PLC exceeding Milan criteria have made some breakthrough .A great deal of literatures have confirmed that TACE and its combined therapy for PLC exceeding Milan criteria can im -prove the survival rate obviously,it also contains many advantages,such as low cost,safe,painless,minimally in-vasive,repetitive operation and so on .The progress of TACE for PLC exceeding Milan criteria in recent years is summarized in this paper .

Objective To investigate the influences of Tangbikang on the oxidative stress in rats with diabetic penipheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods Diabetes rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ, 55 mg/kg and randomly divided into five groups: model group, methycobal treatment group, and Tang Bi Kang low, medium and high dosage treatment group. Body weight was examined every week. All rats were sacrificed at week 8 and the values of blood serum, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide were detected. Results After treated with Tang Bi Kang, the eighth week's body weight, the levels of SOD, NOS and NO in the blood serum and ATP of sciatic nerve were increased greatly (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05) and the contents of MDA and AGEs and AR of sciatic nerve were decreased (P＜0.01), compared with the model group. Conclusion Tang Bi Kang may lighten the oxidative stress reaction of diabetic penipheral neuropathy and slow down the course of the diabetic penipheral neuropathy.

Purpose To investigate the effects of oxytocin(OT) and prostaglandins intervention on oxytocin receptor(OTR) expression of primary culture of human myometrial smooth muscle cell.Methods Using respectively oxytocin, prostaglandin E2(PGE2),and prostaglandin F2alpha(PGF2alpha) intervened on human myometrial smooth muscle cell.The expression of OTR mRNA and protein of cell hemogenate was examined.Results The expression of OTR between oxytocin intervention group and untreated group was similar.The expression of OTR in cell was significantly higher in the PGE2 or PGF2alpha intervention group than that in the untreated group.The expression of OTR in cell was significantly higher in the PGE2 and PGF2alpha joint intervention group than that in the untreated group and than that in the PGE2 or PGF2alpha individual intervention group.Conclusion Oxytocin didn′t increse the expression of OTR in human myometrial smooth muscle cell.PGE2 and PGF2alpha incresed the expression of oxytocin receptor in human myometrial smooth muscle cell.Furthermore PGE2 and PGF2alpha joint intervention more significantly increased the expression of oxytocin receptor than PGE2 or PGF2alpha individual intervention in human myometrial smooth muscle cell.

Objective To observe the autofluorescence (AF) manifestation in related lesions of periphery retinopathy. Methods Sixty eyes of 42 patients with periphery retinopathy underwent the examination of Optomap fundus photograph (200°) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). The HRA Ⅱ melanin-related near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (NIA, excitation 795 nm) and lipofuscin-related fundus autofluorescence (FAF, excitation 488 nm) were measured for all the patients. The AF was recorded with nine images per second, and then a final AF image with 55° view and 822 × 768 pixel was generated by the HRA. AF images can be valuable or valueless if there was or was not visible blood vessels and related retinal tissues on the image. AF from lesion regions can be normal or abnormal fluorescence comparing to the normal vascular and retinal tissue AF. The abnormal fluorescence was divided into no AF, weak AF and strong AF relative to the background grayscale. The grading consistency of abnormal fluorescence based on FAF and NIA examination was comparatively analyzed. Results Valuable AF images were captured in 53/60 eyes (88. 33%)and valueless AF images were captured in 7/60 eyes (11.67%). Among 53 eyes with valuable AF image, NIA showed normal fluorescence in 28 eyes (52. 83%), abnormal fluorescence with sheet-like, dot-shaped or stripped in 25 eyes (47.17%); FAF showed normal fluorescence in two eyes (3.77 % ), abnormal fluorescence with sheet-like, scattered along vessels or pigments in 51 eyes (96.23 % ).Twenty-five eyes with abnormal fluorescence were observed both in two examinations, including same grades in 18 eye (72.00%) and different grades in seven eyes (28.00%). Conclusion The AF manifestation with different levels exists in related lesions of periphery retinopathy.

Objective To explore the measures in early diagnosis and treatment for venous thromboembolism(VTE)in patients with fracture.Methods All the patients with fracture visiting Beijing Jishuitan Hospital in emergency during October 2004 to October 2007 were screened by Well's prediction rules,and anticoagulation and thrombolysis were instituted for those with established diagnosis of VTE by color Doppler ultrasonography and venography.Results Totally,1 508 patients at higg-risk of VTE were identified by D-dimer test.1 455 by color ultrasonography and 53 by venography.Diagnosis of VTE was established in 652 of them(43.2%),619(94.9%)received anticoagulant treatment,162(24.8%)received anticoagulant plus thrombolytie treatment and 25 (3.8%) received anticoagulation plus thrombectomy.In order to prevent fatal pulmonary embolism,vena cava filters(VCFs)were implanted in 146(22.4%)patients,and 33(5.1%)of them were contraindicated to anticoagulation.After treatment,412 cases were cured and 240 were improved,with no one failed.Conclusions Patients with fracture are at high-risk of VTE and should be screened by D-dimer test and color Doppler ultrasonography based on Well's evaluation,as well as by venography for confirming the diagnosis of VTF as appropriate.Anticoagulation and thrombolysis are still the treatment of choice,with thrombectomy and VCF implantation performed only if necessary.

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effects of photodynamie therapy(PDT)on human pancreatic cancer xenograft in nude mice and the time-effect relationship of PDT.Methods The animal model of human pancreatic cancer was developed by suturing small pieces of SW1990 tumors into the dorsum of nude mice.When the size of the tumors increased to 0.8～1.0 cm.36 mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group(no treatment),photosensitizer group(Photosan 2mg/kg,abdominal cavity injection),photodynamic group(Photosan 2 mg/kg injection+laser irradiation).Each group included 12 mice.The tumor sizes were measured twice per week and the weight8 and volumes of the tumors were measured,and the tumor inhibitory rate was calculated three weeks later.Results The tumor volume of photodynamic group was (0.22±0.12)mm3 at the 6th day,which was significantly smaller than(0.43 s0.18)mm3 of control group and(0.39±0.15)mm3 of photosensitizer group(P＜0.05).15 days later,the tumor volumes of PDT groups increased.21 days later.the weight of the tumors in photodynamie group was(0.69±0.23)g,which was significantly lower than(1.65 ±0.21)g of control group and(1.62±0.12)g of photosensitizer group(P＜0.05).The tumor inhibitory rate in photodynamic group was 58.18%,which was significantly higher than that of photoseasitizer group(1.8%,P＜0.05).Conclusions Photodynamie therapy had significant anti-tumor effect on human pancreatic cancer with quick-acting efficacy,but photodynamie therapy alone exeaed efficacy only in the shoa term.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide.The definition of myocardial infarction has been updated.Released in 2012,Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction of ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Expert Consensus,made the clinical application value of troponin clear and suggested to monitor the dynamic changes of cTn in patients with suspected,emphasized the importance of clinical differential diagnosis.In consensus,it also noted that the application of high sensitive troponin can lead to false positives results,and pointeds out that in the assessment of cardiac injury associated with percutaneous or surgical coronary procedures,the rational cut-off value of cTn remains controversival.In addition to acute coronary syndrome,cTn elevations are common in many disease states,and with the improvement of detection sensitivity,low level increase of cTn,will be more.In acute and chronic heart failure,the cTn is elevated,and ACS may be the cause of worsening heart failure,So we should identify whether the cTn elevation is pure from the myocardial injury of heart failure or myocardial necrosis caused by ACS.Nowadays,the increased incidence of myocardial infarction has much to do with the wide application of cTn.Clinical applications of cardiac biomarkers and imaging techniques are flexible as the differences in the diagnostic techniques of myocardial infarction among countries and regions result.

Objective: To explore the medical service price regulation of theoretic model and reform trends in China. Methods:Qualitative method. Results:Medical care is the service that mix the nature of public service and private service. The price regulation of medical care includes the regulation of price level and price structure. The asymmetric information, equality, externality and monopoly of the medical care are the reasons to implement the price regulation. Ramsey pricing model, investment rate of return pricing model, the price-cap model, yardstick price regulation model and Feldstein pricing model are the general models to implement the price regulation of medical care. Conclusion: China should reform and modify the current price level and structure of medical care based on the above models.