Objective To examine the serum von Willebrand factor (vWF) and soluble Pselectin levels in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), and to observe the influence of beta-blocker treatment on endothelial function and platelet activation in NVAF patients. Methods The 25 subjects, 17 males and 8 females, with persistent NVAF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≥50%, were enrolled in NVAF group. Those with myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy or hyperthyroidism were excluded. Another 35 subjects with sinus rhythm were as control (age,gender and LVEF matched with NVAF group, and with similar cardiovascular diseases). Serum vWF and soluble P-selectin levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The serum vWF level was significantly higher in NVAF group than in control group [(1945.2±111.3) g/L vs. (1862.3±101.6) g/L, P＜0.05]. However, there was no significant difference in serum soluble P-selectin level between NVAF group and control group [(24.32±9.21) g/L vs. (24.68±11.70) g/L, P＞0. 05]. After administration of beta-blocker, a down-regulation was found in serum vWF level [(1758. 3±152. 4) g/L, P＜0. 01], but not in soluble P-selectin level [(21.05±8. 94) g/L, P＞0. 05]. There was no relationship between serum level of vWF and soluble P-selectin (r=-0.008,P＞0. 05). Conclusions High serum level of vWF is found in patients with persistent NVAF as compared with control, indicating endothelial damage/dysfunction in those patients. After administration of beta-blocker, serum level of vWF drops dramatically in NVAF patients, indicating possible endothelial function protection of beta-blocker.

BACKGROUND:Single fracture or colapse of the posterolateral tibial plateau fractures is relatively rare in the clinical work. Rational choice of surgical approach and internal fixation for posterolateral plateau fracture is significant to restore the lower limb force line, maintain the joint stability and obtain good biocompatibility.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the stability and biocompatibility of Carlson posterolateral and posterior midline approaches for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures with “T” shaped locking plate.
METHODS:From July 2011 to July 2014, 43 patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. Al patients were assigned to two groups according to approaches. In the Carlson posterolateral approach group, 22 cases received “T”-shaped plate insertion by Carlson posterolateral approach. In the posterior midline approach group, 21 cases received “T”-shaped plate insertion by posterior midline approach. After repair, perioperative data, fixation effects and knee function score were compared and analyzed between both groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) 43 cases (43 knees) of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures were folowed up strictly. (2) No significant difference in operation time, fracture healing time, total load time, Hospital for Special Surgery score at 12 months postoperatively, tibial plateau angle and posterior slope angle immediately and 12 months postoperatively was detected between both groups (P > 0.05). (3) Significant differences in fracture exposure, blood loss, and excelent and good rate of Rasmussen at 12 months postoperatively were identified in both groups. Moreover, above indexes were better in the Carlson posterolateral approach group than in the posterior midline approach group (P< 0.05). (4) These findings confirmed that for a single fracture or colapse of the posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, two kinds of surgical approaches can achieve ful and direct exposure. Carlson posterolateral approach has good repair effect, fixation effect and biocompatibility.

Objective To evaluate the mutagenicity of hydrolysate of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus soft tissue, so as to provide experimental basis for its exploitation.Methods Three mutagenicity tests were used to evaluate the mutagenic effects, including Ames test, CHL chromosome aberration assay and bone marrow micronucleus assay in mice.Results In Ames test, the revertant colonies numbers in each group were twice less than the numbers of spontaneous revertant colo-nies, five bacterial strains showed negative results with or without S9 activation, and the result of Ames test was negative. The CHL chromosome aberration assay and bone marrow micronucleus assay showed that the chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate of each dose group showed no significant difference compared with the negative control group, respec-tively ( P>0.05) .Conclusions Under this condition, the results show that all of the Ames test, chromosome aberration assay and bone marrow micronucleus assay are negative, and no mutagenicity is observed in the hydrolysate of Meretrix mer-etrix Linnaeus soft tissue.

OBJECTIVE To study the changes in inflammatory factors caused by prostatitis.METHODS SD rats were castrated under sterile conditions.E2 0.25 mg· kg-1+ T 0.25,0.5 and 1.0 mg· kg-1 were given sc for 30 d,respectively.Serum samples were taken and levels of E2,T and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were detected by ELISA.Pathological changes of prostate tissue were observed by HE staining.The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1α) in prostate were detected by immunohistochemistry.RESLULTS ELISA detection showed that E2 levels were significantly increased [(80±7) ng· L-1,P＜0.01] in E2 0.25 mg· kg-1 group and that T levels were significantly decreased [111 ±6 vs (111 ±5) nmol· L-1,P＜0.05]in E20.25 mg ·kg-1 and E2+T 0.25 mg·kg-1 groups compared with the sham-operated group.E2 was significantly increased [(80±7) ng· L-1,P＜0.01] in E20.25 mg· kg-1 groups compared with the castrated control.The sham and castrated control showed normal glandular epithelium without leukocyte infiltration.In E2 0.25 mg·kg-1 group,extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells was found in the glandular lumens,suggesting the occurrence of chronic prostatitis.In each E2+T groups,fewer inflammatory cells were noted in the stroma around glands.The expressions of TNF-m COX-2 and MIP-1α in sham group were negative or low,while those of castrated control and E2 0.25 mg· kg-1 groups were high,especially in E2 0.25 mg· kg-1 group.The expressions of TNF-α,COX-2 and MIP-1α in each E2+T group were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION Testosterone can inhibit prostatitis and the expression of inflammatory factors,such as TNF-α,COX-2 and MIP-1 α,in castrated SD rats initiated by estrogen.

Objective To discuss the outcome of repair of limbs bone defect by using mineralized collagen graft.Methods The clinical data of 35 cases who diagnosed the existence of bone defect from January 2013 to December 2013 in our department were retrospectively analyzed.After operation,Lane Sandhu X-ray score standard was evaluated.Results All patients were followed up for 12 months.Postoperative 1 month,Lane Sandhu X-ray score was 3 points in 20 cases and 15 cases with 2 pointss;postoperative 6 months,Lane Sandhu X-ray score was 9 points in 21 cases,10 cases with 8 points and 4 cases with 7 points.Postoperative 12 months,Lane Sandhu X-ray score was 12 points in 28 cases,7 cases with 11 points.The scores of postoperative 6 months were better than the scores of postoperative 1 month [(2.60±0.49)points vs.(8.49±0.12)points,t=107.860,P=0.000].There was significant difference between the scores of postoperative 12 months and scores of postoperative 6 months [(8.49±0.12)points vs.(11.8±0.06)points,t=41.630,P=0.000].Conclusion MC is used as an effective bone substitute material,and its clinical effect is good.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions are a major cause of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) and Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS). We analyzed single mtDNA deletions in 11 CPEO and one KSS patients by means of Southern blot and long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The deletion sizes ranged from 3.4 kb to 6.9 kb whereas the heteroplasmy level varied from 18.8% to 85.5%. Two unique deletions sized 4320 bp and 4717 bp were found. This study represents the first genetic screen of mtDNA disorders in Malaysia, and it follows the data seen in other published reports on CPEO and KSS genetic aetiology.

A cohort of Malaysian patients with clinico-pathological diagnosis of three specifi c mitochondrial encephalomyopathy syndromes comprising of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), myoclonus epilepsy with ragged-red fi bers (MERRF) and Leigh syndrome were studied to determine the frequency of their common mitochondrial DNA mutations. The ‘hot-spot’ point mutations for MELAS, MERRF and Leigh syndrome were screened. In the absence of common point mutations, screening of large-scale deletions as well as sequencing of tRNALeu and tRNALys genes were performed. Of 22 patients studied, nine m.3243A>G mutations, four m.8344A>G mutations, one m.8993T>G mutation and one deletion were identifi ed (65% detection rate). While the m.3243A>G mutation was closely associated with MELAS, the m.8344A>G was more heterogenous, being seen in one MERFF, two isolated mitochondrial myopathies and one Leigh syndrome patient. Screening for m.8993T>G in Leigh syndrome has a low yield as unsurprisingly Leigh syndrome has considerable genetic heterogeneity.

The Conus venom is secreted by the duct and theca of venom. Most of conotoxins are composed of 10-40 amino acid residues with several disulfide bridges. They can specifically target neurotransmitter receptors including nAChRs, calcium ion channels, sodium ion channels and potassium ion channels, etc. Some conotoxins, such as that target N-Ca2+ channels, nAChR alpha9alpha10 subtype, TTX-R Na+ channels or NMDA receptors, have potent antinociceptive activities, omega-MVIIA, an Ca2+ channels blocker was approved by FDA in December, 2004 for marketing. Because of lower molecular weight and high specificity, conotoxins are the powerful pharmacology tools and potent analgesics without addiction. This review briefly summarizes the research progress of antinociceptive conotoxins and addresses on their targets and structure-activity relationships.
Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Calcium Channels ; drug effects ; Conotoxins ; pharmacology ; Sodium Channels ; drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship

This article describes the progress of developing the training base and training methods for bronchoscopists at Changhai hospital in recent years,and then discusses the potential issues and solutions that might occure in the course of training,and finally explores the model and methodology to optimize the training program for Chinese bronchosocpists.

Objective To study the repair function of united endothelial progenitor cells (EPC)transplantation on injured liver endothelium by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) conditioning.Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups randomly: normal control group, without any treatment; irradiation alone group, administered a total body irradiation(TBI) pretreatment, without BMT; (3) BMT alone group: C57BL/6 mice were infused with bone marrow mononuclearcells (MNC) 5 × 106/only through caudal vein not more than 4 h after the same TBI pretreatment as the irradiation alone group; united transplantation group: receiving the same way as the BMT alone group, but C57BL/6 mice were infused with EPC 5 × 105/only at the same time. Two, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after the TBI, the changes of the liver weight were observed regularly. The histopathological examination of liver was done at the 4th, 7th, 14th, and 21st day after the TBI. Results In irradiation alone group, BMT alone group and united transplantation group the liver weight began to increase significantly on the day 2 and peaked at 14th day after the TBI, and the peaks were respectively (1.65±0. 15) times (P＜0. 05), (1.61 ±0.06) times (P＜0.05), and (1.11 ±0.40)times (P＜0. 05) of those in normal control group. At the day 14, the liver weight in irradiation alone group, BMT alone group and united transplantation group began to decrease, and on the day 21 the liver weight in united transplantation group had been completely restored to normal level, however the liver weight in irradiation alone group and BMT alone group were still significantly heavier than that in normal control group (P＜0. 05). Liver histopathological examination revealed that there were obvious sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) injury, hepatocyte edema and severe inflammatory cell infiltration in irradiation alone group, and on the day 7 the hepatocyte edema and necrosis were significantly worse than before, and almost no alive SEC were found. On the day 14 the injury of SEC in BMT alone group was lighter than before, but on the day 21 the injury had not returned to normal. On the day 7 the injury of SEC, hepatocyte edema and necrosis were alleviated in united transplantation group as compared with irradiation alone group and BMT alone group, and on the day 14 the injury had returned to normal basically. Conclusion The transplantation conditioning could damage recipient liver endothelium and the injury would persist, and united EPC infusion could repair the injured SEC following BMT.