Respiratory tract infection is a common disease in childhood.Virus plays an important role in respiratory disease.With the progresses in molecular technologies in these years,newly discovered viruses have been identified including human metapneumovirus,human coronaviruses,human Bocavirus,polyomaviruses,new enterovirus and rhinovirus strains.These viruses have been identified to cause childhood respiratory infection.This review overviews the newly recognized respiratory viruses and seek to focus on their contribution to infection and co-infection in respiratory tract infection in childhood.

In this paper,a method of solid-phase luminescence immunoassay(LIA)of human alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is described.The IgG of horse anti-human AFP-IgG was labelled with 6[N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-enthyl]-amino 2,3-dihydrophthalazine 1,4-dione (ABEI).The sensitivity of the method was 6.25ng/ml.The intra and inter coefficientsof variation was 7.9% and 9.8% respectively.The value of AFP of 20 patients assayedby LIA was compared with that assayed by radioimmunoassay(RIA).Although,the datafrom LIA were lower than that assayed by RIA,the results obtained by two methodscorrelated fairly well with a correlation coefficient(r)of 0.95.

AIM: To study the signal transduction pathway of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine in HL-60 cells. METHODS: After establishing the model of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine in HL-60 cells, at the point of apoptosis initiation, molecular caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and Fas/FasL were measured with flow cytometry and transmission electron microscope. ERK2 and P38 expression in HL-60 cells were detected by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The model of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine was established in HL-60 cells. At the point of apoptosis initiation, upregulation of caspase-3 and decrease in Bcl-2/Bax were observed. However, the expression of Fas/FasL did not significantly change. ERK2 expression decreased and P38 expression increased. CONCLUSIONS: Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways were involved in signal transduction of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine in HL-60 cells. [

Network resources can exactly make up for it. Making good use of the search engine can expand extracurricular professional English learning for students;provide teachers with lesson plan-ning material and learners with the correct pronunciation of the vocabulary. Network digital repository offer students learning platform and PBL teaching in the QQ group can be tried. Electronic dictionary software helps to read the professional literature and E-mail is a convenient means of communication. These help to create language environment and enhance bilingual teaching effect.

Based on some physiological events and two kinds of function, assistive and rehabilitative, brain-computer interface gives re-al-time, multi-sensor feedbacks to assist hand function, modulating patients' brain signals by the closed loop proprioceptive feedback. It can improve cerebral plasticity and remodeling, that comes a novel approach to hand rehabilitaion after stroke.

Objective Quantitative evaluation was conducted to assess the development level and trend,as well as discipline distribution of basic medical research in China,based on SCI publications.Methods Descriptive analysis and trend analysis by 5-year moving time window were applied to analyze the quantity,quality,discipline distribution and current status and trend of development of medical research papers published by Chinese scientists during 2004 and 2013;Results Among a total of 280,200 medical research papers published from 2004 to 2013 period,China ranked # 5 in the world in terms of the quantity of papers.However,the average citation of 8.34 for Chinese paper was far below the global average of 14.11.Among all papers published by Chinese scientists,the percentages of papers in the field of psychiatry/psychology,neuroscience/behavior,immunology and clinical medicine were 2.20％,7.59％,3.93％ and 40.67％,respectively,lower than those of global average (6.71％,9.41％,4.62％ and 47.45％).The percentages of papers in other disciplines were higher for China than for global average.Regarding to the development trend,the annual increase in the number of publications of 5 years was 22.24 ％,while the 5-year citation per paper was only 2.03 ％.Conclusions The quantity of basic medical research in China is large and growing rapidly,while the quality of these researches remains in relatively lower level,and need to be improved substantially.With the discipline distribution different from the global average,psychiatry/psychology,neuroscience/behavior,immunology and clinical medicine should be strengthened in the future.

Many studies have shown that the embolism caused by vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is one of the major causes of ischemic stroke. However, there is still not a simple and precise method to identify the vulnerable plaques yet. This article reviews the various methods for detecting vulnerable plaques from the aspects of serology and imaging.

Objective To explore the preoperative misdiagnosis in the breast cancer and the methods to improve the diagnostic accordance rate. Methods The preoperative diagnosis and results of 358 cases with breast cancer has been analysized retrospectively in the recent ten years. Results Total Cases with present diagnostic technique diagnosed befor operation was 176 only;the accordance rate was less than 50%.With aspiration biopsy and molybdenum palladium roentgenograph,the rate was 25%(79 cases).The actual preoperative accordance rate was less than 10%(32 cases).It is said approximately 90% cases were postoperatively diagnosed. Conclusion The present excision biopsy not only has made many patients lost the chance of chemotherapy preoperation, but also interferenced the application of new therapic methods in the clinical practice.Infrared spectroscopy and ultrasonography have been commonly used in the clinical practice.With the low diagnostic accordance rate,they were applied only for screening.With simplity and high diagnostic accor dance rate,aspiration biopsy and molybdenum pall adium roentgenograph should be enrolled extensively in the clinical practice. The puncture and specimen fixing technique also should be improved.

Objective To find an effective operational approach that can mostly reduce heat and other injury to Calot's triangle when separating and anatomizing it at LC operation.Method We abandoned traditional hot separating method by electric coagulation hook which can cause hot injury easily and cold separating method simply by elastic separating plier which can cause errhysis and illegibility of operational field.We applied sucting and scraping cold separating method mainly by suction apparatus which can keep operational field clear and avoid hot injury.Result 52 cases with different cholecyst disease (including cholecystolithiasis,cholecyst polyp,acute cholecystitis with edema and acute cholecystitis with partly gangrene) were adopted by this method and achieved satisfacted effect.Conclusion Sucting and scraping cold separating method are easily operated and can mostly keep separated tube skeletonized.It can avoid hot and other injury in operation,keep operational field clear by less errhysis.To acute cholecystitis with edema it has more advantage and are worth to adopting.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction technology of volatile component from Tibet inual and Zingiber officianle. METHODS: The extraction technology was optimized by orthogonal experiment with the content of alantolactone and the yield of volatile oil as indexes while with extracting pressure, extracting temperature, extracting time and entrainer volume as factors. RESULTS: The optimal extraction technology was as follows: 225 mL entrainer was extracted at 40 ℃ with extracting pressure of 35 Mpa for 1 hour. CONCLUSION: The extraction technology is reasonable, practical and controllable for the industrial production.