Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenem. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentrations ( MICs) of the antimicrobial agents were determined by E-test. The 23 β-lactamase genes and 2 porin genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , then the products were purified and their sequences were analyzed. Results The MICs of piperacillin, piperacillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefotaxime, cefepime and aztreonam to 5 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were all higher than 128 μg/mL, and those of imipenem or meropenem were higher than 32 μg/mL. All isolates carried blaTEM-1 and blaDHA-1 genes. Deletion of ompK35 and ompK36 were observed in Kp01 and Kp03, and the deletion of ompK35 was also observed in Kp02 and Kp05. Base insertion of ompK36 occurred in Kp02, Kp04 and Kp05. Compared with GenBank (GU945384) , ompK35 gene mutations of G→C at base 465 and T → C at base 466 in Kp04 lead to Gln to His substitution at position 155 and Tyr to its substitution at position 156, and it might be a new subtype. Conclusion The production of DHA-1 β-lactamase combined with the loss of OmpK36 or OmpK35 in porin genes may contribute to high-level carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

BACKGROUND:Sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, can inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis and differentiation of various cancer cells. However, the role of sodium butyrate combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on lung cancer stem cells remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of sodium butyrate combined with TRAIL on biological behaviors of lung cancer stem cells. METHODS:Magnetic bead separation was used to separate lung cancer stem cells (CD133+) from human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. After the lung cancer stem cells were treated with simple DMEM/F12, DMEM/F12 containing sodium butyrate (5 mmol/L), TRAIL (50 μg/L) or sodium butyrate combined with TRAIL, the cell proliferation within 96 hours of culture was determined by MTT assay; the apoptosis within 24 hours of culture was measured by flow cytometry; the cell migration within 48 hours of culture was detected by cell scratch test; the expression levels of pluripotent transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) within 48 hours of culture were detected using western blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The CD133+ lung cancer stem cells were successfully enriched from human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. MTT assay showed that sodium butyrate and TRAIL significantly inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells (P< 0.05), and the combination effect was even stronger (P < 0.05). Results from flow cytometry analysis and scratch test showed that sodium butyrate or TRAIL induced apoptosis and inhibited cell migration of lung cancer stem cells (P < 0.05), and the combination of sodium butyrate and TRAIL showed a stronger effect (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression levels of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog were significantly down-regulated by sodium butyrate (P < 0.05), TRAIL or sodium butyrate combined with TRAIL, and the combination effect was stronger (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sodium butyrate and TRAIL have synergistic effects on lung cancer stem cells, indicating a new way for treatment of lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE To explore the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in clinic against five antiseptics involving in povidone iodine(Iodophor),glutaraldehyde,chlorhexidine,symclosene(trichloroisocyanurate) and benzalkonium bromide.METHODS The susceptibility test of P.aeruginosa was determined by PhoenixTM-100 system.Minimun inhibitory concentration(MIC) of povidone iodine,glutaraldehyde,chlorhexidine,symclosene and benzalkonium bromide was detected by liquid dilution method.RESULTS The resistant rates of ampicillin/sulbactam,chloramphenicol,tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 190 isolates of P.aeruginosa were all more than 98.0%.However,P.aeruginosa was to imipenem and meropenem were 15.3% and 6.8%.It was found that P.aeruginosa possessed the most resistant to glutaraldehyde and symclosene with its MIC50 being 32 ?g/ml and 64 ?g/ml.But the MIC50 of chlorhexidine and benzalkonium bromide were only 1 ?g/ml and 2.4 ?g/ml.Meanwhile,time-kill assays indicated that chlorhexidine could still produce rapid and powerful bactericidal effects at a concentration of 1MIC after 10 min treatment.CONCLUSIONS There are distinct differences in P.aeruginosa against povidone iodine,glutaraldehyde,chlorhexidine,symclosene and benzalkonium bromide.It is very important that antiseptics should be used rationally.Measurements should be taken to decrease dissemination of resistant bacteria and prevent nosocomial infection.

Objective:To investigate the clinic-cytology and histopathology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in breasts. Mothods:Twelve cases of NHL of the breast were studied by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAC), histopathology and immunohistochemistry, and whose clinical data were analysed at the same time. Results:In 12 cases of NHL, 3 cases were T-cell NHL and 9 cases were B-cell NHL. Cytologically, the T-cell NHL cells were mostly arranging in diffuse patterns. The tumor cells were oval and pleomorphism. Some of them had distorted nucleus and thin nuclear envelope.The nucleus showed irregular course chromatin and visible nueleoic. Histopathologically, some of the tumor cells distributed around the blood vessels, and there was an obvious phenomenon of “blood-vessel-closing”. B-cell lymphoma cells were arranginy in diffuse pattern, and showed round and ellipse in shape with a clot and course granular chromatin and visible nueleoic and karyoknesis. Lymphoepithelia lesions were seen. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD3, CD43, and CD 45RO in T-cells NHL were positive.CD20, CD74 and CD79a in B-cells NHL were negative. CK, EMA, ER and PR in NHL were all negative. Conclusion:NHL of breast is extremely rare, and its definite diagnosis depends on various examination methods.

Objective: To explore the cytopathologic features and differential diagnostic essentials of the lung mucosa-associated lymphoid tumor(MALT).Methods: The fine needle aspiration(FNA) tissues and bronchi smears of 4 cases of MALT were examined by cytology,histology and immunohistochemistry respectively.Results: Cytologically,3 of the 4 cases were definitely diagnosed as lymphoid tumor and 1 suspected of small cell undifferentiated carcinoma,while histopathologically,all were diagnosed as MALT.The neoplastic cells were positive for CD20 and CD79a,but negative for CD3,CD5,CD10,CD45RO,CKpan and EMA.Conclusion: MALT is a rare pulmonary lymphoma difficult to be diagnosed.The definite diagnosis of pulmonary MALT depends on the cytology of FNA and bronchi smears,histopathology,and immunohistochemistry.

Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lead ; blood ; Lead Poisoning ; blood ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the role of BMSCg on enhancing the implant survival and bacheal epithelium regeneration. Methods After transplanted with cryopreserved 2 weeks and 6 weeks allocraft, PHK-26 labeled 3-5 passage BMSCs were injected into the recipient rats via tail vein. Rats in the control groups were injected with the same amount of PBS.We observed the histology of the transplanted trachea including epithelium growth and regeneration, and the PKH-26 fluorescence levels at the para-anastomotic trachea to evaluate the role of BMSC transplantation on the epithelium regeneration. Results Rats from BMSCs injection group survived a long period. Histological observation showed that the tracheal lumen was covered by psudo-striated ciliated columnar epithelium. The cartilage structure was intact. There are no signs of denaturation and necrosis. In the PBS injection group, epithelium regeneration is better in PBS-6-week group than PBS-2-week group. The longest survival time in PBS-6-week group was 32 days, whereas it was 10 days in PBS-2-week group. In BMSCs injection group, rats in BMSC-6-week groups survived longer than 8-week group(12 rats were terminated at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8weeks as planned). There was one rat who survived and were terminated at the designated 8 weeks time point (there were 8regenerated epithelium was similar in the two BMSC transplanted groups. PKH-26 labeled BMSCs migrated to the implant site and showed red fluorescence, with most red fluorescence shown at the anastomotic part. Conclusion BMSCs can migrate to the impaired tissue to repair it. BMSCs may exert their reparation function via enhancing epithelium regeneration.

Objective To investigate the functional and histological changes in aging gerbil bladders.MethodsTwelve male gerbils were randomly divided into control group and aging bladder group,with 6 in each group.Experiment was conducted in gerbils of control group and aging bladder group 6 months and 24 months after normal feeding,respectively.Urodynamic examinations including irrigation volume,compliance and filling pressure of bladder were performed,bladder weight was obtained,bladder weight index was calculated,morphological observation was conducted with HE staining,ratio of amount of smooth muscle to collagen was obtained with double immunohistochemical staining,and electron microscope was used to evaluate the ultrastructure of bladder.ResultsCompared with those in control group,the irrigation volume and compliance of bladder significantly decreased in aging bladder group(P0.05).However,the bladder weight index was significantly lower in aging bladder group(P0.05).There existed degeneration in smooth muscle cells and organelles in aging bladder group.ConclusionThe function of aging bladder in gerbils is impaired,which may be related to the degeneration of bladder tissues.

Objective To explore the role of transforming growth factor (TFG)-? and matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)in the development of frozen shoulder. Methods Twenty-four patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy were included,and were divided into frozen shoulder group ( n =12) and control group ( n =12; n =2 for shoulder instability,n =5 for rotator cuff tear and n =5 for subacromial impingement). Joint capsule tissues at the rotator cuff interval were obtained,and the expression of TGF-?,MMP-1,MMP-2,MMP-3,MMP-9 and MMP-12 mRNA and protein was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting,respectively. Results The expression of TGF-? mRNA in frozen shoulder group and control group was 3.36?10 4?2.18?10 3 and 1.85?10 4?3.31?10 3,respectively,the expression of TGF-? protein was 1.55?0.33 and 1.13?0.21,respectively,and there were significant differences between these two groups ( P

Objective To identify the important risk factors for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and develop effective strategies to address the problem of T2DM.Our study aimed to evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genetic polymorphism and type 2 diabetes,and to provide clues for the etiology of T2DM.Methods Based on the criteria of inclusion and exclusion,we extracted,pooled,analyzed and assessed the case-control studies of ApoE polymorphism and T2DM published in PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,WanFang,VIP,and CNKI databases by R soft-ware (version 3.4.3).We used Random-effect models when heterogeneity was present in between-study,and fixed-effect models otherwise.Results We had 59 studies covering 6,872 cases with T2DM and 8,250 controls,and compared the alleles and genotypes of ApoE between cases and controls.When we conducted a comparison between ApoE ε4 and ε3 alleles,we produced a pooled OR of 1.18 (95％ CI:1.09-1.28;P ＜ 0.001).ApoE ε2/ε2 genotype displayed a possible association with T2DM (OR =1.46;95％ CI:1.11-1.93;P =0.007),ε3/ε4 genotype showed a 1.11-fold risk (OR =1.11;95％ CI:1.01-1.22;P =0.039) and ε4/ε4 genotype had a 1.71-fold risk of developing T2DM (OR =1.71;95％ CI:1.33-2.19;P ＜ 0.001) when they were compared with ε3/ε3 genotype.Conclusions There is an association between ApoE polymorphism and T2DM:allele ε4 and genotypes (ε2/ε2,ε3/ε4,and ε4/ε4) are associated with the increased risk for the development of T2DM,and they may be risk factors for T2DM.