Objective To study the effects of three kinds of endoscopic therapy on gastric varices. Methods In this study, the efficacies of endoscopic band ligation ( EVL) , endoscopic injection of tissue adhesives (histoacryl) and sclerotic agent (EIS) for gastric varices were assessed. Forty consecutive, non-randomized patients with gastric varices were prospectively studied. EVL was done for 11 cases, Histoacryl 15 cases, and EIS 14 cases, to control and prevent relapse of bleeding. Results In the following-up ( six months) period, the effective rate of EVL, histoacryl and EIS were 100. 0% , 100. 0% and 72. 7% ; the e-radicative rate 25. 0% , 30. 8% ,0 (P

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Administration Routes ; Drug Utilization ; standards ; Humans ; Infant ; Pediatrics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Pharmacopoeias as Topic ; Pharmacy Administration

Dehydration ; therapy ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans

Objective To investigate the effects of Arctigenin ( ATG ) on concanavalin ( ConA )-stimulated cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in mouse spleen cells, and its possible mechanism. Methods The toxicity of ATG on mouse spleen cells was determined by MTT assay. The inhibition of proliferation was investigated by tritiat-ed thymidine incorporation method. Secreted cytokines (IFN-γand IL-2) were analyzed by ELISA. The associated proteins and phosphorylation levels of mTOR pathway ( mTOR/P70 S6 K/Akt/AMPK/Raptor ) were detected by Western blot. Results ATG had no significant toxicity to mouse spleen cells. ATG significantly inhibited mouse primary spleen cells proliferation induced by ConA. ATG suppressed IL-2 and IFN-γ production of mouse spleen cells in a concentration-dependent manner. ATG remarkably suppressed the phosphorylation of mTOR and P70S6K, and enhanced the phosphorylation of upstream AMPK and Raptor, while the phosphorylation of Akt did not change significantly. Conclusion ATG markedly suppresses the proliferation of mouse spleen stimulated by ConA cells and secretion of IFN-γand IL-2 , which may be correlated to the abilities of enhancing the phosphoryla-tion of AMPK and Raptor, inhibiting the phosphorylation of mTOR and P70S6K.

Objective To compare the anti-hemorrhage effect and safety of hemocoagulase and epinephrine (1∶10 000) during endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or polyps electrocautery. Methods Between April and November 2007,totally 60 patients received EMR or endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR) in our hospital because of local lesions in the esophagus,stomach or colon. The patients were randomly divided into hemocoagulase and epinephrine groups (30 cases in each) before receiving the operation. After the resection,the hemorrhage at the surgical area was measured. During the operation,the blood pressure,heart rate,and adverse effects including palpitation,dizziness,pain,and nausea were recorded. Results Immediate hemorrhage was detected in 1 case of hemocoagulase group (1/30,3%),and 6 cases of epinephrine group (6/30,20%,?2=2.588,P=0.108). No hemorrhage was observed at 24 hours in both the groups. No significantly difference was noticed in the injection volume between the two groups [(11.0?6.0) ml (5-30 ml) in hemocoagulase group vs. (11.9?7.0) ml (5-28 ml); t=-0.535,P=0.595]. In epinephrine group,the mean artery blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly after the injection [(96.9?7.9) mm Hg vs. (99.9?8.1) mm Hg,t=-3.005,P=0.005; 79.8?7.9/min vs. 84.3?8.1/min,t=-3.585,P=0.001]. Whereas,no such differences were noticed in hemocoagulase group. Five cases in epinephrine group showed transient dizziness and palpitation,and 2 patients who had esophageal lesions complained of pain at the injection site. None of the hemocoagulase group had postoperative complications. Conclusions Hemocoagulase shows same anti-hemorrhage effect as epinephrine during EMR without leading to adverse effect.

In order to evaluate the effect of multimedia-assisted teaching on stomatology courses and find out the appropriate teaching methods for non-stomatology medical students,we investigated the distribution of examination scores,diagnostic accuracy of ordinary diseases and accuracy of problem-based learning(PBL) results of multimedia-assisted teaching and traditional teaching means.The examination scores were closer to standard distribution,and the diagnostic and PBL results accuracy increased among students with multimedia-assisted teaching.Compared with traditional teaching means,multimedia-assisted teaching may improve the teaching quality in non-stomatology medical courses.

E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) is a major member of the E2F transcription factor family and participates in a wide range of physiological regulatory processes, such as cell cycle, survival, apoptosis, and metabolism. It is proved that the activity of E2F1 is related to the G1/S phase regulation of the cell cycle dependent on tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (RB). Recent studies have shown that E2F1 is highly expressed in prostate cancer cells, manifested as an oncogene, and its expression level is closely related to the occurrence, development, and poor clinical prognosis of prostate cancer. Androgen receptor (AR) is the main driving factor for the growth and progression of prostate cancer, and the changes of AR pathway play a key role in the pathological progression of prostate cancer. This article provide a systematic and comprehensive summary on recently published articles to review the role of the E2F1 pathway in prostate cancer.

Objective To study the independent risk factors of early rebleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and/or endoscopic injection of fibrin tissue adhesive.Methods Data of 370 patients who had cirrhosis and accepted 396 procedures of EVL and/or endoscopic injection of fibrin tissue adhesive were retrospectively studied.Independent risk factors for early rebleeding were determined by Logistic regression analysis.Results Results of all the factors that were significantly different between the re-bleeding and non-rebleeding patients,the portal vein diameter,ascites volume,Child-Pugh score and serum albumin were independent ones of early rebleeding after EVL and/or endoscopic injection of fibrin tissue adhesive ( P ＜ 0.05).Larger volume of ascites,wider portal vein diameter,reduced albumin,Child-Pugh score greater than 10 were indicative factors of rebleeding.Conclusion The early rebleeding rate after EVL and/or endoscopic injection of fibrin tissue adhesive is determined by portal vein diameter,ascites volume,ChildPugh score,and serum albumin.

Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)by using carbon dioxide for malignant biliary obstruction.Methods A total of 60 patients with malignant biliary obstruction, hospitalized from September 2008 to February 2010, were randomly divided into 3 groups to receive ERCP by using carbon dioxide, contrast agent or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)without any agent.The safety and efficacy of 3 contrast methods were compared.Results Successful stent or drainage tube insertion was achieved in all patients.Carbon dioxide was superior to contrast agent in terms of lowering postoperative infection rate(P ＜ 0.05), and it was also superior to MRCP for more effective drainage(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in occurrence of postoperative pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia between 3 groups.Conclusion Using carbon dioxide during ERCP, safe and effective, is superior to use of contrast agent in less leukocyte increase, and to MRCP in more adequate drainage in patients with malignant biliary obstruction.Furthermore, there is no more risk of pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia.

Objective To introduce the standard procedure of Cattell Braasch maneuver and evaluate the complication and clinical value of this maneuver as a important exploration method in the surgery of pancreatic tumors. Method The clinical data of 13 cases of pancreatic tumors explored by Cattell Braanch maneuver before undergoing tumor resection were analyzed. Results Among these 13 cases there were 6 cases of tumors of the head (the pancreatic adeuocarcinoma in 4 cases, solid pseudo-papillary tumor and endocrine tumor in one each cases) and 7 cases of tumor of the body and tail of the pancreas (adenocarcinoma in 4 cases, solid pseudo-papillary tumor in 1 case, endocrine tumor in 2 cases) Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 6 cases, including segmental resection of the tumor invading the superior mesenteric vein( SMV )with length varying from 3 to 7 cm and direct end-to-end reanastomosis in 3 cases. Distal pancreatectomy plus spleuectomy was performed in the other 7 cases, including the case in which extended tumor resection demanded left nephrectomy. Operations lasted from 2. 5 hrs to 11 hrs, in which only 10 ～ 15 mins were needed for Cattell Braasch maneuver . The blood lose was from 300 ml to 1000 ml. There were neither mortality nor severe complications in these series. Conclusion Cattell Braasch maneuver facilitates the exploration and tumor resection in patients suffering from pancreatic neoplasms especially malignances with better view of the operation field,it helps to avoid incidental iatrogenic injury, and also to the nongraft PV/SMV end-to-end anastomosis after the resection of tumor invaded segment.